2017-2018學年高中英語 Module 1 Deep South Section Ⅲ Grammar-主語和動詞教學案 外研版選修8

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1、 Module 1 Deep South Section Ⅲ Grammar-主語和動詞 語法圖解 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) ①Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. ②They call it Anti-Arktikos, or Antarctica ... ③98%of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. ④To learn a foreign language well is not easy. ⑤Swimming is a good exercise. ⑥Whe

2、ther he will come is doubtful. ⑦It is difficultto imagine a more inhospitable place. ⑧I hope to see you soon. ⑨Hecame in and satdown. ⑩The student went pale when he saw the teacher. ?I can easily tell my father's step. ?We hadn'twalked far when we lost our way. [我的發(fā)現(xiàn)] (1)①～⑥句中的黑體部分在句中均作主語。

3、(2)由④⑤⑥句可知，不定式、動詞-ing形式、從句作主語時謂語動詞通常要用單數(shù)形式。 (3)⑦句中用it作形式主語。 (4)⑧～?句中，黑體部分均為動詞，且⑧⑨句中的動詞可直接作謂語，而⑩??句中的黑體部分不能單獨作謂語。 一、主語 1．主語的概念及構(gòu)成 主語是一個句子敘述的主體，是句子所要說明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“誰”或“什么”。主語通常由名詞、名詞化的形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句等擔當。 詞類 例句 名詞 The news is exciting. 名詞化的 形容詞　 The disabledare well car

4、ed for in our country. 代詞 None of us believed what he said. 數(shù)詞 One-third of the work has been finished. 不定式 To decide is to act.(決定即行動) 動名詞 Watching a film is a pleasure. 從句 Whether he will leave is unknown. [即時演練1] (1)用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①The children (child) are playing on the swings in the

5、 park. ②In my opinion, swimming (swim) is more difficult than anything else. ③Each of us (we) is different. ④Three-fourths (three-fourth) of the surface of the earth is sea. ⑤To_teach (teach) the three children is my job this afternoon. (2)完成句子 ①What_he_said_at_the_meeting (他在會議上說的話) left a d

6、eep impression on me. ②Drinking_a_cup_of_wine (喝杯葡萄酒) can make me feel relaxed. ③It is difficult to_learn_English_well (學好英語) if you don't work hard. 2．主語的?？键c (1)不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語。 It is not easy to grow fruit trees and vegetables here. 在這里，種果樹和蔬菜不容易。 [名師點津]　①用于句型“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth

7、.”中常見的形容詞(用于說明事物的性質(zhì))有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary等。 It's easy for me to do that. 對我來說做那件事很容易。 ②用于句型“It is ＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.”中常見的形容詞(用于說明人的品質(zhì))有：kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, silly, selfish等。 It's

8、 very kind of you to help us. 你幫我們的忙，你真是太好了。 (2)動名詞作主語時，前面可加代詞或名詞所有格表示動名詞的邏輯主語。 Jane's joining the singing teamgave them a surprise. 簡加入歌唱隊使他們很吃驚。 (3)某些形容詞與 the 連用，也可作主語。當“the＋形容詞”指物表示抽象概念用作主語時，謂語常用單數(shù)形式；表示一類人用作主語時，謂語常用復數(shù)形式。 The good is not always beautiful. 好的東西并不總是美的。 (4)there be句型中，主語通常放在b

9、e之后。 There is nothing to get excited about. 沒有什么值得激動的。 (5)不定式或動詞-ing形式作主語時，句子的表語往往和主語在形式上保持一致。 To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。 [即時演練2] (1)用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①It was stupid of you to_get (get) involved. ②It's no use crying (cry) over spilt milk. ③The rich are (be) not always happ

10、y, though. ④Missing (miss) the train means waiting half an hour. ⑤There were many people waiting (wait) outside of the shop. (2)完成句子 ①It_is_kind_of_you_to_help me out of trouble. 你太好心了，幫我擺脫困境。 ②Generally, the_young_are_more_active than the old in such work. 通常在這樣的工作中年輕人比老年人更積極。 ③There_is_a_c

11、ar_racing every year near our town. 在我們鎮(zhèn)子附近每年都有一場汽車比賽。 ④Their_winning_the_match is an inspiration to all of us. 他們贏得了比賽對我們所有的人是一個鼓舞。 ⑤It_is_no_good_talking to him, because he never listens. 跟他講沒用，因為他從來不聽。 二、動詞 1．動詞的概念 動詞是表示動作、狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)等的詞，在句子中作謂語，是句子不可缺少的部分，用來說明主語是什么，處于什么狀態(tài)或做什么。 2．動詞的分類 (1)按句法

12、功能分 分類 用法 實義 動詞 及物動詞 及物動詞后接賓語，意義才完整，如get, reach, learn, want等 不及物 動詞　 不及物動詞本身意思完整，其后無需跟賓語 系動詞 系動詞不能獨立作謂語，要和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，如be, become, turn, go, feel, look等 助動詞 助動詞本身無意義，不能單獨作謂語，和主要動詞構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的動詞形式以及幫助主要動詞構(gòu)成疑問句、否定句或強調(diào)句，如do, have, will等 情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，主要用來表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的看法，如can, may, must

13、等 I want two more apples. 我想多要兩個蘋果。 Without a word, he left. 沒說一句話，他離開了。 The hat looks nice. 那頂帽子看起來不錯。 I don't know his name. 我不知道他的名字。 He canplay basketball. 他能打籃球。 (2)按意義分 動態(tài)動詞 延續(xù)性 動詞　 能持續(xù)一段時間的動詞，如learn, live, work等 終止性 動詞　 不能持續(xù)，瞬間發(fā)生的動詞，如open, leave, see等 靜態(tài)動詞 stand, remain,

14、 like, think, sleep, lie等 I stayedtwo weeks at the seaside. 我在海邊待了兩個星期。 I saw her at the post office a moment ago. 我剛才看見她在郵局。 [名師點津]　終止性動詞常與表示時間點的時間狀語連用，若用于否定句，則可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用；而延續(xù)性動詞可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 　[即時演練3] (1)完成句子 ①(2016·天津高考改編)I'm going to take_advantage_of_this_tour to explore the history

15、of the castle. 我將利用這次旅行來探索這個城堡的歷史。 ②After graduation, she_turned_nurse. 畢業(yè)后她成了護士。 ③He has_worked_in_the_factory since last year. 從去年開始，他就在工廠里工作。 ④He arrived too late and didn't_catch/missed_the_train. 他到得太晚，沒趕上火車。 (2)單句改錯 ①She has got married for 3 years.got→been_ ②She was proved very hone

16、st.去掉was_ ③Never he seen such a beautiful sight.Never后加has Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．The sky turned (turn) dark as the storm came near. 2．When and where to_build (build) the new factory has not been decided yet. 3．As a result of the earthquake, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need (need) repairing.

17、 4．The injured were_taken (take) to hospital by ambulance. 5．Some of them are (be) red and others are brown. 6．I think it is necessary to_learn (learn) science. 7．Listening (listen) to music can relax our brains. 8．Father walks (walk) to his office every morning. 9．Did you see any elephants i

18、n the zoo last week? 10．It's a waste of money buying (buy) such things you don't really need. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．(2016·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)What's more, doing_the_part-time_job_can_let_me gain some precious experience and help me better adapt to the development and changes of society. 此外，做兼職可以讓我獲得寶貴的經(jīng)驗，并且?guī)椭腋玫剡m應社會的發(fā)

19、展與變化。 2．(2015·陜西高考滿分作文)Thirdly, through this interesting job, I can_improve_my _English in speaking and writing quickly. 第三，通過這個有趣的工作，我可以迅速提高我的英語口語和寫作水平。 3．(2015·四川高考滿分作文)In addition, I have_volunteered_to_help two exchange students with their Mandarin learning during the past two years. 此外，在過去

20、的兩年里，我曾志愿幫助兩名交換生學習普通話。 4．(2015·浙江高考書面表達)By doing so, I can_not_only_share_good_ideas_with _others,_but also learn to express myself clearly. 這樣做，我不僅可以與別人分享好的想法，而且還可以學會清晰地表達自己。 5．(2015·廣東高考滿分作文)Finally they will_become_active_learners rather than passive ones. 最后，他們將成為積極的學習者，而不是被動的學習者。 6．(2014·

21、天津高考滿分作文)Secondly, people_here_like_the_food composed mainly by wheat flour. 其次，這里的人喜歡主要含面粉的食物。 Ⅲ.短文改錯 There was my birthday last Sunday. A big party held for me at home. Some of my friend came to my home bringing us different kinds of gifts, such as books, cards, flowers, and so on. My parents

22、spent over two hours prepared a special dinner. After dinner, we had a wonderfully party in the living room, at which my parents and friends said “Happy birthday” to me. All of us had a great fun in eating, drinking, singing or dancing. Of course I enjoy the birthday cake and noodles according to Chinese tradition. Finally I expressed my thanks to my parents in return to their love. 答案：第一句：There→It 第二句：party后加was 第三句：friend→friends; us→me 第四句：prepared→preparing 第五句：wonderfully→wonderful 第六句：去掉a; or→and 第七句：enjoy→enjoyed 第八句：第二個to→for 7