2017-2018學年高中英語 Module 4 Great Scientists Section Ⅲ Grammar-復習被動語態(tài)和by＋v教學案 外研版必修4

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1、 Module 4 Great Scientists Section Ⅲ Grammar-復習被動語態(tài)和by＋v 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 語法圖解 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) ①Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries. ②Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. ③The research was supported by the government. ④In Pakistan rice

2、will be grown in many parts of the country. ⑤The new hybrid rice has been developedby the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China. ⑥The shop closesat 6：00 pm every day. ⑦The apple tastesgood. ⑧The new product by the company sells well. ⑨Open the door by windingthe handle. ⑩People

3、 usually greet each other by shaking hands. [我的發(fā)現(xiàn)] (1)①句采用了一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，其構成形式為：am/is/are＋done。 (2)②③句采用了一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其構成形式為：was/were＋done。 (3)④⑤句分別用了一般將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。 (4)⑥⑦⑧句中謂語動詞以主動形式表示被動意義。 (5)⑨⑩句中，by＋v.-ing形式表示通過……方式。 一、被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)表示主語為動作的承受者，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)由“be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。 1．各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構

4、成 (1)一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)的構成：am/is/are＋done Before you leave the lab，make sure the electricity is turned off and the windows are shut. 在你離開實驗室之前，要確保電源被切斷，窗戶被關好。 (2)一般過去時被動語態(tài)的構成：was/were＋done The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。 (3)一般將來時被動語態(tài)的構成：shall/will＋be＋done Mor

5、e space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 中國人民在將來將進行更多的太空探索。 (4)現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)的構成：am/is/are＋being＋done They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is being rebuilt. 他們現(xiàn)在暫時和父母一起居住，因為他們自己的房子正在重建。 (5)過去進行時被動語態(tài)的構成：was/were＋ being＋done After sch

6、ool we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it was being decorated. 放學后，我們去閱覽室看書，結果卻被告知閱覽室正在裝修。 (6)現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的構成：has/have been＋done Li Hua has been elected monitor of our class to take the place of Ma Li. 李華已取代馬麗，被選為我班班長。 (7)過去完成時被動語態(tài)的構成：had been＋done When we got on

7、 the spot of the accident, we were told that the injured had been sent to the nearest hospital. 當我們到達事故現(xiàn)場時，我們被告知傷員已經被送往最近的醫(yī)院。 (8)將來完成時被動語態(tài)的構成：will/shall＋have been＋done On her next birthday, Ann will have been married for twenty years. 到下一次過生日的時候，安結婚就要滿二十年了。 (9)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋done The b

8、oy feels hot on the forehead, so he must be sent to hospital at once. 這個男孩的額頭摸起來發(fā)熱，所以必須被立刻送往醫(yī)院。 [即時演練1]　用所給詞的被動語態(tài)填空 ①(2016·江蘇高考改編)More efforts, as reported, will_be_made (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structure reform. ②(2015·北京高考改編)—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes，we w

9、ere_treated (treat) well by our hosts. ③(2015·天津高考改編)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has_been_reached (reach) so far by the two sides. ④(2014·天津高考改編)We won't start the work until all the preparations have_been_made (make)． ⑤—Why don't we choose that road to save time? —The bri

10、dge to it is_being_repaired (repair)． 2．使用被動語態(tài)時應注意的情況 (1)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)(take place, break out, come true, belong to, date from, happen等)。 A fire broke out in his house yesterday. 昨天他家著火了。 (2)含有介詞或副詞的及物動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，介詞或副詞不可省略(look after, look for, take care of, put off, break into等)。 The childre

11、n are taken good care of in the kindergarten. 孩子們在幼兒園里被照顧得很好。 (3)帶復合賓語(賓語＋賓補)的動詞變被動語態(tài)時，一般把復合結構中的賓語變成主語，而把賓語補足語(在被動語態(tài)中叫作主語補足語)放在動詞之后。 We always keep the classroom clean and tidy. →The classroom is always kept clean and tidy by us. 我們總是保持教室干凈而且整潔。 [名師點津]　see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look

12、 at, make等感官動詞或使役動詞后作賓補的不定式不帶to，但當主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式符號to必須加上。 A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My walletwas seen to dropby a girl when she passed by. 一個姑娘路過時看到我的錢包掉了。 [即時演練2]　完成句子 ①The game takes_place every four years in a different country. 這種活動每四年在不同的國家舉行一次。 ②Many interesting

13、experiments are_carried_out in our laboratory. 我們在實驗室做了許多有趣的實驗。 ③He is_often_heard_to_play the guitar. 我們經常聽到他彈吉他。 ④The old temple dates_from the Ming Dynasty. 那座古廟起源于明朝。 3．主動形式表示被動意義的用法 (1)某些連系動詞，如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等，可用主動形式表示被動意義，因為連系動詞為不及物動詞，它們沒有被動語態(tài)形式。 That dog looks d

14、angerous. 那只狗看起來很危險。 (2)某些可用來表示主語內在“品質”或“性能”的及物動詞，如：lock, shut, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw, cut，drink，eat等常用主動形式表示被動意義。這些詞后常有副詞修飾，如well，easily等。 The cloth washes well and is comfortable to wear. 這種布很容易洗而且穿起來很舒服。 (3)need, require, want, deserve等詞，當主語為物時，接動名詞的主動形式，表示被

15、動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。 The flowers need watering or they will die. ＝The flowers need to be wateredor they will die. 這些花需要澆水，否則它們會死。 (4)形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。 The picture-book is well worth reading. 這本圖畫書很值得一讀。 (5)在“主語＋be＋形容詞(＋for sb.)＋to do”結構中，句子的主語與構成不定式的動詞存在邏輯上的動賓關系，且形容詞表示主語的特征或性質，不定式用主

16、動形式表示被動意義。常見的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, important, interesting，strange，impossible，comfortable，dangerous等。 This article is difficult to read. I need someone to explain it to me. 這篇文章很難讀懂，我需要一個人給我解釋一下。 (6)不定式作定語修飾名詞，與前面的名詞有動賓關系，且句中有不定式的邏輯主語時，用動詞不定式主動形式表示被動意義。 I have a lot of homeworkto do this af

17、ternoon. 今天下午我有很多的家庭作業(yè)要做。 Please give me something to eat. 請給我些東西吃。 (7)某些動詞不定式如to blame, to let等，作表語時用主動形式表示被動意義。 The boy wasto blame for what he had done. 這個男孩為他的所作所為受到了批評(責備)。 [即時演練3]　用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①(重慶高考改編)AMidsummerNight'sDreamopens (open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tour

18、s throughout Scotland. ②(陜西高考改編)As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing (repair)． ③The stone is heavy for the boy to_lift (lift)． ④The question is difficult to_answer (answer)． ⑤This kind of book sells (sell) well. 二、by＋v.-ing形式 1．by ＋v.-ing形式，表

19、示以某種方式來達到某種目的 He passed the exam by working hard. 通過努力學習，他通過了考試。 2．by表示“方式”的其他用法 (1)by＋交通工具，如：by car/bus/bike/plane等。 I go to school by bike every day. 我每天騎自行車去上學。 (2)by＋the＋具體的時間或度量名詞，如by the day/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen (按打)等。 He is paid by the hour. 他按小時得到報酬。 [即時演練4] (1)完成句子 ①The

20、old man makes a living by_selling_newspapers (靠賣報紙)． ②(北京高考改編)One learns a language by_making_mistakes_and_correcting_them (通過犯錯并改正它們)． ③They went to Shanghai by_air/plane (乘飛機)． ④These eggs are sold by_the_dozen (按打)． (2)用by doing形式改寫下列句子 ①You can reach there if you take a bus. →You can reach

21、 there by_taking_a_bus. ②Students learn things when they do exercises after school. →Students learn things by_doing_exercises_after_school. ③If we practice often, we can operate the machine well. →By_practicing_often,_we can operate the machine well. Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．He hoped that he would_be_give

22、n (give) a more suitable job. 2．Having_been_trapped (trap) in the mine for two days, the miners finally were rescued. 3．Everyone dislikes being_made (make) fun of by others. 4．Don't lose heart! The problem can be_prevented (prevent) from getting worse. 5．About thirty volunteers will_have_been_se

23、lected to the Mars throughout the world by 2018. 6．(北京高考改編)Shakespeare's play Hamlethas_been_made (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. 7．(北京高考改編)—So what is the procedure? —All the applicants are_interviewed (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.

24、 8．(遼寧高考改編)We are confident that the environment will_be_improved by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 9．The government announced that six highways had_been_built (build) by the end of last year. 10．It is said that the subway will have_been_completed by 2017. 11．A dinner party was_being_he

25、ld (hold) in celebration of the great achievements she had made when I called her yesterday. 12．It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area. 13．The teacher will get angry if your homework is_not_finished (not, finish) on time. 14．A lot of water is_w

26、asted (waste) every year. It's a serious problem. 15．—What do you think of the book? —Oh, great. It's worth reading (read) a second time. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．Having shown the classroom, we were taken to the library.Having后加_been 2．The children are taught how to operate the machine now.are后加being 3．By the

27、 end of last month，all of his works have been published.have→had 4．I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth wash well.wash→washes 5．In the last few years thousands of films had been produced all over the world. had→have Ⅲ.單句寫作 1．(2015·陜西高考滿分作文)I have just learned from

28、the advertisement that 20_student_volunteers_are_wanted (需要20名學生志愿者) for the English Culture Festival. 2．(2015·天津高考滿分作文)The textbooks and dictionaries can_be_used (可以被用作) as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials. 3．(2014·天津高考標準范文)Our school is_located_in (坐落在) a northern c

29、ity of China, where you can taste many kinds of delicious food, because it is well famous for its snacks. 4．(2014·天津高考標準范文)Our class is_made_up_of_50_lively_boys_and_girls (由50名活潑可愛的男孩女孩組成), who are warm and generous and ready to offer help. 5．(2014·天津高考滿分作文)I hope you will_be_accepted_as_a_membe

30、r_of_our_class (將被接受為我們班的一員)． 6．(2014·上海高考滿分作文)As far as I am concerned, I think that the column concerning entertainment should_be_removed (應該被取消)． Ⅳ.短文改錯 Union is strength no matter when you're facing difficulties or in a dilemma. Cooperation plays an important part in getting you out of troubl

31、e. There was a time when I was too proud that I overlooked my classmate, refusing to work together with them. Therefore, it was no doubt that I was left alone, suffering from loneliness and failure. Unfortunately a teacher impressed on me the value of cooperation. From then on, I learned to help oth

32、ers and turn to my friends for the help whenever I had difficulty finish a task on my own. Surely cooperation made a great difference. Now I am getting well with my friends. My experience has teach me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation can we go beyond ourselves. As the saying go “United, we stand; divided, we fall.” 答案：第三句：too→so; classmate→classmates 第四句：it→there 第五句：Unfortunately→Fortunately 第六句：去掉the; finish→finishing 第八句：getting后加on/along 第九句：teach→taught; with→to 第十句：go→goes 8