2017-2018學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ) Unit 2 Cloning Section Ⅲ Grammar-同位語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)案 新人教版選修8

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1、 Section Ⅲ Grammar—同位語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)從句 　 語(yǔ)法圖解 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) ①We two, Mr. Lee and myself, had a talk privately. ②All the Chinese people, old and young, love our socialist country. ③Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. ④The fact that she seemed to de

2、velop normally was very encouraging. ⑤Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. ⑥We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. ⑦I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away. ⑧The question why so many people wou

3、ld choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion. [我的發(fā)現(xiàn)] (1)以上句子中加黑部分是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)可以由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞或從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。句③是由名詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)；句②是由形容詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)；句④和句⑤是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。 (2)在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。從句④－⑧可以看出，同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that,_whether,_who,_why等詞引導(dǎo)。 (3)同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact,_idea,_question,_proble

4、m,_news等抽象名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 一、同位語(yǔ) 一個(gè)名詞或代詞后面有時(shí)可以跟一個(gè)名詞(或起類(lèi)似作用的其他形式)，對(duì)前者進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，這一部分就叫作同位語(yǔ)?？沙洚?dāng)同位語(yǔ)的有名詞(詞組)、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))、不定式(短語(yǔ))及從句等。 1．名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ) We teachers should be responsible for this. 我們老師應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)。(名詞作同位語(yǔ)) They each put forward a proposal. 他們每個(gè)人都提出了一個(gè)建議。(代詞作同位語(yǔ)) You may leave it t

5、o us two. 你可以把這事留給我們倆。(數(shù)詞作同位語(yǔ)) 2．名詞詞組、形容詞(詞組)、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))、不定式(短語(yǔ))等充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ) Mr. Robeson, our head teacher, is from Canada. 我們的班主任羅伯遜先生，來(lái)自加拿大。(名詞詞組作同位語(yǔ)) Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished? 逃避懲罰，這就是你的目的？(不定式短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)) The current fair, the biggest in its history, is being held in a big city. 目

6、前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的，正在一座大城市舉行。(形容詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)) The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)) [即時(shí)演練1] 寫(xiě)出下列句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的詞(組)詞性 ①We both have a chance to take part in this activity. 代詞 ②Please bring these books to them three. 數(shù)詞 ③Wang Bing, our monitor, will help us to turn i

7、n our papers. 名詞短語(yǔ) ④Is this what you have done, leaving all these things in a mess? 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) ⑤People, old and young, went to the street to watch the parade.形容詞詞組 二、同位語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某個(gè)名詞后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)名詞有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise,

8、order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。 His accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner. 他的口音立刻顯示出他是一個(gè)外國(guó)人。 The news that he was in trouble determined me to act at once. 他陷入困境的消息，使我決心立即行動(dòng)。 All of us

9、know the truth that the world is made of matter. 我們大家都知道世界是由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的這個(gè)事實(shí)。 Why are they surprised at the idea that he will retire next year? 他們?yōu)槭裁磳?duì)他將在明年退休的想法感到驚訝？ [即時(shí)演練2]　補(bǔ)全句子 ①We finally got the information that_the_ticket_price_had_gone_up. 我們終于得到了票價(jià)已上升的信息。 ②Do you know the fact that_the

10、_famous_actor_has_already_got_married? 你知道這位著名的演員已經(jīng)結(jié)婚的事實(shí)嗎？ ③She announced her decision that_she_would_have_a_journey_alone. 她宣布了她將會(huì)獨(dú)自旅行的決定。 三、同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 1．連接詞that, whether that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不充當(dāng)句子成分，也沒(méi)有詞義，一般不能省略。whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“是否”，但僅起引導(dǎo)作用，在句中并不作成分，不可以用if替換。 The news that our team has won the mat

11、ch is true. 我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息是真實(shí)的。 There is some doubt whether John will come on time. 有人懷疑約翰是否會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到來(lái)。 2．連接代詞who, what, which, whom, whose 連接代詞who, what, which, whom, whose引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等；其意義分別為“誰(shuí)”“什么”“哪一個(gè)”“誰(shuí)”“誰(shuí)的”。 The question who should clean the room has been solved. 誰(shuí)該打掃房間的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了。 I have

12、no idea what he is up to now. 我不知道他現(xiàn)在干什么。 With time going, the doubt which of the team would win disappear. 隨著時(shí)間的推進(jìn)，哪支隊(duì)伍會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的疑問(wèn)消失了。 The problem whom he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again. 他將代替誰(shuí)這個(gè)問(wèn)題在會(huì)議上被反復(fù)討論。 The message whose responsibility it was known

13、 to all. 大家都知道了誰(shuí)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的消息。 3．連接副詞when, where, why和how 連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則在句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式狀語(yǔ)；其意義分別為“什么時(shí)間”“哪里”“為什么”“怎么樣”。 They have no idea when I will go back. 他們不知道我什么時(shí)候回去。 I have no idea where he has gone. 我不知道他去了哪里。 I have no idea why he gave up. 我不知道他為什么放棄了。 I have no impres

14、sion how he went home. 他是怎樣回家的，我沒(méi)有印象。 [即時(shí)演練3] (1)在下列句中填入恰當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞 ①(2016·天津高考改編)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. ②(2014·重慶高考改編)— Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? — Yeah, but I have no idea why

15、 he did it; that's one of his favorite universities. ③(2013·浙江高考改編)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field. (2)將下面句子合并為同位語(yǔ)從句 Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and t

16、eachers a lot. →The fact that_two_fifths_of_all_girls_in_America_are_on_a_diet worries their parents and teachers a lot. 四、同位語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng) 1．同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 名詞suggestion, order, demand, command, request等后的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)用“(should) do”的形式。 The order that all the soldiers should set off at once was gi

17、ven by the general. 所有士兵立刻動(dòng)身出發(fā)的命令是由將軍下達(dá)的。 The suggestion that everyone should make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary. 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)盡力來(lái)美化校園的建議是必要的。 2．doubt與同位語(yǔ)從句 名詞doubt(懷疑)用于肯定句中，其后面的同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)； no doubt (毫無(wú)疑問(wèn))用于否定句中，其后面的同位語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。 There is no doubt that he will come. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)他會(huì)來(lái)的。(no d

18、oubt表示肯定概念) We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我們懷疑他們能否按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。(some doubt表示不確定的概念) 3．分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句 有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句與其所解釋說(shuō)明的名詞會(huì)被其他成分隔開(kāi)，從而形成分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句，這樣做主要是為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕。 A saying goes that where there is life, there is hope. 諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)：留得青山在，不怕沒(méi)柴燒。(that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明saying的內(nèi)容) [即時(shí)演練4]　單

19、句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Word came that their team had won the important game. ②There is some doubt whether they will accept the advice or not. ③He gave his daughter some advice that she (should)_make (make) good use of her holiday. ④I have no doubt that we need some help to do the work. 五、同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從

20、句 定語(yǔ)從句 功能不同 對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，起連接作用 that 不作成分，只起連接作用，不可省略 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，起連接作用；并且作從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 whether/ how/ what 起連接作用，其中whether不作成分，而how和what作成分 不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 其他wh-類(lèi)詞 作成分；起連接作用；有自己的含義，但與先行詞無(wú)關(guān) 作成分；起連接作用；沒(méi)有自己的含義，但是代替先行詞在從句中作成分 [巧學(xué)助記](méi)　同位語(yǔ)從句用法口訣 同位語(yǔ)從句似“定從”，兩種句式有異同； 從句均在名詞后，定“限”同“釋”要分清； 定從“t

21、hat”賓可省，同位從句“that”不省。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　同位語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)易判斷方法 我們可以在名詞和從句之間加be動(dòng)詞，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果合乎邏輯、句子通順，則是同位語(yǔ)從句。 [即時(shí)演練5] 填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞并判斷下列各句是同位語(yǔ)從句還是定語(yǔ)從句 ①I(mǎi) have no idea when they will come to Shanghai？同位語(yǔ)從句 ②The information that you got yesterday is very useful. 定語(yǔ)從句 ③The information that you gave me yesterday is very

22、 useful. 同位語(yǔ)從句 ④We all have those unforgettable days when we together had a meaningful time.定語(yǔ)從句 Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1．I have no idea when we will have a good rest. 2．The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 3．We express the hope that they will come to visit China

23、 again. 4．The suggestion that he gave me is practical. 5．The news that/which you told us yesterday is true. 6．Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 7．There is a feeling in me that we'll never know what a UFO is — not ever. 8．We al

24、l know the fact that China has a history of over five thousand years. 9．The proposal had been put forward, and then arose the question where we were to get the proofs needed. 10．There is much discussion about the question how the rising food prices are affecting ordinary people. Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作 1．The new

25、s that_they_had_won_the_game soon spread over the whole school. 他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。 2．I made a promise that_I_would_make_him_happy. 我保證過(guò)我會(huì)讓他高興。 3．We haven't yet settled the question how_we_can_raise_enough_money. 怎樣才能籌集到足夠的錢(qián)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有解決。 4．Our teacher gave us the suggestion where_we_should_

26、spend_our_summer_holidays. 我們的老師就我們?cè)撊ツ睦锒仁罴偬岢隽私ㄗh。 5．The question who_should_do_the_work requires consideration. 誰(shuí)該做這項(xiàng)工作的問(wèn)題需要考慮。 6．Many parents hold the view that_teenagers_shouldn't_spend_too_much_time online. 很多父母持有這樣的觀點(diǎn)：青少年不應(yīng)該花太多時(shí)間上網(wǎng)。 7．I've just heard a warning on the radio that_a_rainstor

27、m_is_likely_to_come. 我剛從收音機(jī)上聽(tīng)說(shuō)了暴風(fēng)雨有可能要來(lái)的警告。 8．The question whether_it_is_worth_doing will be discussed at the meeting. 這件事情是否值得做，這個(gè)問(wèn)題將要在會(huì)議上被討論。 Ⅲ.用同位語(yǔ)從句連接兩個(gè)句子 1．The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. We are glad at the news. →We_are_glad_at_the_news_that_the_headmaster_will_join_

28、us_in_hiking_this_Sunday. 2．Where are we going for the holiday? Have you thought about the question? →Have_you_thought_about_the_question_where_we_are_going_for_the_holiday? 3．A new teacher will teach us English next term. The message reached me yesterday. →The_message_that_a_new_teacher_will_te

29、ach_us_English_next_term_reached_me_yesterday. 4．How did the accident come about? The driver refused to answer the policeman's question. →The_driver_refused_to_answer_the_policeman's_question_how_the_accident_came_about. 5．His advice is acceptable. The work should be postponed to next week as a r

30、esult of lack of tools. →His_advice_that_the_work_should_be_postponed_to_next_week_as_a_result_of_lack_of_tools_is_acceptable. 6．The fact has worried many scientists. The earth becoming warmer and warmer these years. →The_fact_that_the_earth_becoming_warmer_and_warmer_these_years_has_worried_many

31、_scientists. Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空 These days a debate about 1.whether we students should make friends online is discussed in our school. And opinions 2.differ (different) from person to person. Those who are in favour 3.of it hold the view 4.that we should communicate with others online. On the one hand, it is

32、 a fact 5.that we single children need more friends to keep away from the 6.loneliness (lonely). On the other hand, no one can deny that making friends online can 7.broaden (broad) our views. However, there are still some people 8.who are against it. They suggest that children concentrate more on their study, for they're too young to select good information online. As far as I'm 9.concerned (concern), as long as directed in a right way, it will be 10.beneficial (benefit) for us students to make friends online. 8