三年高考（2017-2019）高考英語真題分項匯編 專題15 閱讀理解社會生活、議論類（含解析）

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1、三年（2017-2019）高考真題英語分項匯編 專題15 閱讀理解社會生活、議論類 一、2019年高考真題 1. 【2019·全國卷II，C】 Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans,

2、 she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report. “I prefer t

3、o go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on th

4、e shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said. Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first

5、-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.” That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was

6、a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics f

7、or the report. 28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own.

8、 D. To collect data for her report. 30. What do we know about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B.

9、The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 【語篇解讀】本文通過一份調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，很大比例的人選擇獨自用餐，原因很多，比如逃離工作氛圍，或者反思自己，但是獨自用餐正慢慢成為一種趨勢。 28.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，在美國，約有46%的人們獨自用餐，53%的人們獨自吃早餐，46%的人們獨自吃午餐，只有74%的人們晚餐不是獨自享用，故可知本段的數(shù)據(jù)是關于用餐習慣，故選B。 29.C

10、【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一個人吃午飯可以讓她逃離老板的關注，給自己留一些自由時間，故選C。 30.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a

11、 first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知Mazoleny喜歡這樣的氣氛，因為可以坐在那里，查看手機信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧臺服務員名字和他聊天，故可知，他與服務員很熟悉，可以直呼對方名字，故選D。 31.A 【解析】主旨大意題。本文通過一份調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，很大比例的人選擇獨自用餐，原因很多，比如逃離工作氛圍，或者反思自己，但是獨自用餐正慢慢成為一種趨勢，故選A。 2. 【2019·全國卷III，B】 For Western designers, China and its rich culture

12、have long been an inspiration for Western creative. "It's no secret that China has always been a source(來源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(時尚)shows. Earlier this year, the China

13、Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美學)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhib

14、ition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashi

15、on — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in

16、 design and sales," adds Hil. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the m

17、arket. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways." 24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? A. It promoted the sales of artworks

18、. B. It attracted a large number of visitors. C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models. 25. What does Hill say about Chinese women? A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns. C. They admire super models. D. They do business all

19、 over the world. 26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean? A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York

20、 C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講了中國文化對世界時尚屆的影響，中國年輕的設計師和模特如何最終在許多方面被認可。中國成了世界時尚的風向標。 24.B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese infl

21、uences.（此次展覽吸引的參觀者人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了記錄，顯示出人們對中國影響的濃厚興趣。）由此可知，紐約的展覽吸引了許多參觀者，故選B。 25.A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中國模特

22、是向全世界女性推銷夢想的美和時尚活動的代言人，這意味著中國女性不僅僅是時尚的消費者——她們是這場運動的核心。）由此可知，Hill說中國女性開創(chuàng)了新時尚，故選A。 26.D 【解析】詞義猜測題。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales說并在設計和銷售上擊敗他們。由此推斷出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在與Galliano、Alba

23、z和 Mare Jacobs競爭。taking on意思是“競爭”，故選D。 27.D 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western creations.以及最后一段If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models

24、 are finally acknowledging that in many ways."（如果你今天談論時尚，你談論的是中國——它的影響，它的方向，它令人驚嘆的服裝，以及年輕的設計師和模特如何最終在許多方面被認可。），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章最恰當?shù)念}目是“中國文化助力國際時尚潮流”，故選D。 3. 【2019·天津卷，D】 Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and mi

25、sfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was

26、 Don Quixote（《堂吉訶德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？ We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who

27、 fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our f

28、ield of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere. The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn

29、to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，w

30、e can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept. Many of us equate（視……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job

31、as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson. 51. The passage starts with the story of

32、Cervantes to show that_________. A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success 52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？

33、 A. End one's struggle for liberty. B. Waste one's energy taking risks. C. Miss the opportunity to succeed. D. Lose the interest to continue learning. 53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？ A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B. Those who tend to think back can hardly

34、 go ahead. C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. 54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？ A. A tough man can tolerate suffering. B. A wise man can live without self-pity C. A man should try to satisfy people around

35、him. D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life 55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？ A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C. To state the importance of generating motivation for l

36、earning. D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. 【語篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述要成功，就需要不斷的學習，這樣的生活才會有意義。 51.B 【解析】推理判斷題。第一段講述塞萬提斯一生不幸，負債累累，因為戰(zhàn)爭受傷左手殘疾，同時還身陷囹圄，在53歲的時候決定寫書，最終寫出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根據(jù)后文可知，所有的困境都沒有阻擋他的成功，年齡也是如此，故選B。 52.D 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped

37、 learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者談論的不是那些沒有到達巔峰的人，而是談論那些不再學習成長的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止學習，故選D。 53.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are e

38、verywhere.可知，我們失去了好奇感，但是如果我們愿意學習，機會無處不在，故可知，機會總是留給那些好奇心的人，故選C。 54. D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually r

39、elaxing.可知，我們學會承受那些無法改變的事情，學會避免自憐，也學會了無論我們怎么去取悅別人，有些人是無法喜歡我們的，這個觀點起初讓我們苦惱，但是之后會讓我們釋懷，故可知，本段作者告訴我們要學會使用恰當?shù)姆绞絹韺Υ?，故選D。 55.A 【解析】主旨大意題。本文講述要成功，就需要不斷的學習，這樣的生活才會有意義，故本文作者的目的是為了指導我們過一個有意義的成年人生活，故選A。 6. 【2019·江蘇卷，C】 Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influence

40、s than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes? It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. The fascination with th

41、e ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufac

42、turing sector(制造業(yè)) with negative consequences for their economies. Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies

43、and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networ

44、ks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes wit

45、hout carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live

46、in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments ha

47、ve put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right

48、career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions. 61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________. A. a lack of confidence i

49、n technology B. a slow progress in technology C. a conflict of public opinions D. a waste of limited resources 62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________. A. take people's essential needs into account B. make their programmes attractive to people C. ensure that ea

50、ch child gets financial support D. provide more affordable internet facilities 63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B. Believing that the world has become borderless. C. Ignoring the power of economic development

51、. D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication. 64. What can we learn from the passage? A. People should be encouraged to make more donations. B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays. C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D. Economic policie

52、s should follow technological trends. 【語篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述對信息技術的過分迷戀對國家，對個人，對慈善事業(yè)都會有不利的影響。 61.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 可知，對信息技術的錯誤判斷會導致有限資源的錯誤使用，也就是資源的浪費，故選D。 62.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fash

53、ionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more

54、important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，與其給那些貧困地區(qū)孩子筆記本電腦或者建網(wǎng)絡中心，還不如給錢打井，鋪電網(wǎng)或者生產(chǎn)他們買得起的洗衣機，這些東西更能改善他們的生活。作者不是說這些東西一定更重要，但是很多捐贈者沒有仔細考慮捐贈的東西的長期成本，因此作者建議捐贈者要考慮接受捐贈的人的實際情況，而不是

55、一味地追求信息化，故選A。 63.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及Believing in such a world, many governm

56、ents have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.可知，對新東西的迷戀讓人們認為如今通訊技術和交通的變革讓我們生活在一個無國界的世界。正是認為我們生活在這樣一個世界，很多政府取消了關于跨國界的資本、勞動力以及商品流動的法律法規(guī)，故選B。 64.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The fascination with the ICT(Information and Comm

57、unication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造業(yè)) with ne

58、gative consequences for their economies.可知，對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)呈現(xiàn)的通訊技術變革的迷戀讓很多富裕國家做出一個錯誤的結(jié)論，制造產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)過時了，他們應該靠創(chuàng)意生活，因而忽略了制造業(yè)，從而對經(jīng)濟造成不利影響，故可知傳統(tǒng)的技術依然傳統(tǒng)的技術依然有它的地位，不能新興的信息技術取代，故選B。 二、2018年高考真題 1.【2018·全國I，C】 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and

59、 a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (聯(lián)系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,0

60、00 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory educat

61、ion, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these language

62、s is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of

63、which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位數(shù))of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly

64、speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in h

65、unter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected. 29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？ A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful.

66、 D. Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6,800 B. About 3,400 C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少及其原因。 28.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的When the world was still populated