三年高考（2017-2019）高考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編 專題20 完形填空說明文、議論文（含解析）

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1、三年（2017-2019）高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編 專題20 完形填空說明文、議論文 一、2019年高考真題（無(wú)） 二、2018年高考真題（無(wú)） 三、2017年高考真題（無(wú)） 2016年高考題 【2016·上?！縍eading Comprehension Section A ??? Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase

2、 that best fits the context. In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the pote

3、ntial to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation.

4、This, of course, makes for authoritarian (專制的) managers. Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked

5、 to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach com

6、mon goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot. A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授權(quán)) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management

7、layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and deleg

8、ation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less. Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet wor

9、k on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them. 51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extrem

10、e 53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise 54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply 57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression

11、 58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared 62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasion

12、ally 63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure 64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene 65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness 【文章大意】本文是說明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麥克雷戈所提出的人性假設(shè)理論中的X理論和Y理論，并介紹了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中一種新型管理理論：授權(quán)管理及其作用。 51.D 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后半句…will do anythi

13、ng to avoid it可知很多人為了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，說明那些人大多數(shù)人生性都是懶惰的，都不愿意工作，他們盡可能地逃避工作。故D項(xiàng)正確。 52.A 考查上下文串聯(lián)。短語(yǔ)to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某種程度上；to the extreme走向極端；在文章第一段中提到了X理論，大多數(shù)人都缺乏進(jìn)取心和責(zé)任心，不愿對(duì)人和事負(fù)責(zé)，沒有什么雄心壯志，不喜歡負(fù)責(zé)任，寧可被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。而Y理論認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人愿意對(duì)工作、對(duì)他人負(fù)責(zé)，人們?cè)敢鈱?shí)行自我管理和自我控制來完成應(yīng)當(dāng)完成的目標(biāo)。這是兩種完全相反的理論，盡管對(duì)于這兩種完全相反的理論有很多的證據(jù)，很多管理人仍然同

14、意X理論。故A正確。 53.B 考查上下文串聯(lián)。本句中for example表示舉例說明；這些管理人仍然同意X理論，例如他們認(rèn)為如果要員工效率高，就需要給與他們不斷的監(jiān)督。這屬于X理論的舉例說明。故B正確。 54.D 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后句“...makes for authoritarian managers....”可知這屬于專制的管理方法，他們的決定是來自上而下的，沒有任何商量的余地。故D項(xiàng)“above上面的”正確。 55.C考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前段可知本文討論的管理學(xué)的理論，使用本句使用動(dòng)詞manage管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亞洲、西方的管理方法形

15、成呼應(yīng)。故C正確。 56.B考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。短語(yǔ) refer to 提到，談到；contributeto做貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致；object to反對(duì)；apply to適用于；亞洲人使用的是協(xié)商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求對(duì)管理的過程做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。故B正確。 57.A 考查上下文串聯(lián)。名詞agreement同意；practice練習(xí)，做法；election選舉；impression印象；亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同的協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)之上的，西方人也想學(xué)習(xí)這樣的管理方法。故A正確。 58.D 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前半句“....women will become more effec

16、tive managers than men....”可知有些專家認(rèn)為女性比男性管理更高效。因?yàn)榕愿杏H和力，比男性管理人更容易與別人達(dá)成一致的目標(biāo)。故D正確。 59.A 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前句“... encourage employees to use their own initiative...鼓勵(lì)員工使用自己的首創(chuàng)精神”，也就是說在做出決定的時(shí)候不要請(qǐng)示上級(jí)經(jīng)理，自己做出決定即可。故A項(xiàng)正確。 60.C 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前句“the trend towards downsizing縮小規(guī)模的趨勢(shì)”，也就是要減少管理層的數(shù)量，可以直接做出決定而不需要請(qǐng)示上級(jí)。故動(dòng)詞“red

17、uce減少”符合上下文串聯(lián)。 61.B 考查短語(yǔ)辨析辨析。動(dòng)詞be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with擠滿；be compared with與.……相比；通過這種方法，公司只剩下高層管理者和前線的與公眾直接聯(lián)系的一線管理人。省略了很多中央環(huán)節(jié)，提高了管理的效益。故B正確。 62.B 考查副詞辨析。副詞economically經(jīng)濟(jì)地；traditionally傳統(tǒng)地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶爾地；根據(jù)后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of

18、 management...”可知授權(quán)管理是一個(gè)新型的管理方法，與傳統(tǒng)的管理模式不一樣。故B正確。 63.D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞deny否認(rèn)；admit承認(rèn)；assume假定，設(shè)想；ensure保證，確保；授權(quán)管理是一種新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理環(huán)節(jié)，保證了整個(gè)商業(yè)計(jì)劃被采用。根據(jù)句意可知D正確。 64.A 考查上下文串聯(lián)。形容詞virtual虛擬的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的；根據(jù)后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on proje

19、cts from their own houses”可知在這種新型的管理方法中，人們都是通過郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系，說明這種一種新型通過虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的管理方法。故A正確。 65.C 考查名詞辨析。名詞opinion 觀點(diǎn)；risk冒險(xiǎn)；performance 表現(xiàn)；attractiveness魅力；根據(jù)后半句中“ in terms of what they produce for projects，rather than the amount of time they spend on them"可知我們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)員工的表現(xiàn)是根據(jù)他們的產(chǎn)品而不是工作的時(shí)間。故C項(xiàng)正確。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 本篇完形填

20、空對(duì)于上下文串聯(lián)及詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了集中考查，占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一個(gè)意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語(yǔ)篇，圍繞一個(gè)話題論述，因此在行文中詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)、替代、復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象是不可避免的。根據(jù)這個(gè)原則，某一個(gè)空格所對(duì)應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以根據(jù)這些詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系來確定答案。所以，解題時(shí)應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個(gè)詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。但由于我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)不可能總是重復(fù)地閱讀文章，因此，在做完形填空時(shí)要培養(yǎng)一種捕捉并記憶相關(guān)信息的能力。 如本文57題考查上下文串聯(lián)。亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同的協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)之

21、上的，西方人也想學(xué)習(xí)這樣的管理方法。故A項(xiàng)名詞“agreement同意、協(xié)議”正確。 2015年高考試題議論文類 【2015·廣東】 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1~15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the l

22、ongest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die. Even though we can’t live forever, we

23、 are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (壽命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experien

24、ce physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75. People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are

25、 much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many m

26、en and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age. As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted. 1. A. designed B. selected C. improved

27、 D. discovered 2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely 3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately 5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier

28、6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing 7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure 8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value 9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases 10. A. poor B. young

29、 C. sick D. quiet 11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases 12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices 13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement 14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission 15. A.

30、sound B. appear C. turn D. stay 【文章大意】這篇短文講述的是人的壽命是有限的，但是隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，生活水平的提高，人們的壽命比以前更長(zhǎng)了，而且老齡化已經(jīng)成為了社會(huì)的一個(gè)趨勢(shì)。我們的社會(huì)需要這些老年人們繼續(xù)保持積極的心態(tài)，為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)。 1.A 考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：大多數(shù)研究年齡的科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人體被設(shè)計(jì)的不會(huì)活過120歲。designed設(shè)計(jì)；selected選擇，挑選；improved提高，改善；discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)決定了人類最多不會(huì)活過120歲，故應(yīng)選A。 2.

31、D考查副詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：然而110歲可能是人們希望能活的最長(zhǎng)的壽命-如果他非常的健康和幸運(yùn)。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 顯然地；extremely極其，非常。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一個(gè)人非常的健康而且很幸運(yùn)，人們希望能活到110歲。故選D。 3.C 考查副詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：然而我們的細(xì)胞不會(huì)一直無(wú)止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 無(wú)害地；endlessly 無(wú)止境的；separately 分離地，分開地。根據(jù)文意可知，因?yàn)槿梭w的細(xì)胞不會(huì)無(wú)止境的再生，因此人的壽命是有限的。因此應(yīng)選C。 4.A 考查副詞及語(yǔ)境

32、的理解。句意：他們（細(xì)胞）慢慢消耗盡，結(jié)果我們就會(huì)變老最終死亡。eventually 最終；hopelessly 沒有希望地；automatically 自動(dòng)地；desperately絕望地，自暴自棄地。根據(jù)句意可知選A。 5.B 考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：盡管我們不能永久的活著，我們的壽命比以前是更長(zhǎng)了。busier 更忙的；longer 更長(zhǎng)的；richer 更富有的；happier更開心的。根據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)在人的壽命比以前更長(zhǎng)了。故選B。 6.D 考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：作為中年和老年的分界線，65歲可能已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。finishing完成；guiding 指導(dǎo)，指引

33、；waiting 等待；dividing劃分。根據(jù)文意可知，把65歲當(dāng)做中年和老年的分界線，這已經(jīng)不適合現(xiàn)在的形勢(shì)了。dividing line分界線，故選D。 7.C 考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：畢竟，很多老年人直到75歲之后才開始經(jīng)歷身體和精神的衰落。stress壓力，壓迫；damage損壞；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失敗。根據(jù)句意可知，現(xiàn)在很多老年人是在75歲之后身體和精神才開始衰弱的，故選C。 8.A考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：現(xiàn)在人們活得更長(zhǎng)因?yàn)楦嗟娜藦耐曛行掖嫦聛?。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜歡，欣賞；remember 記得；value價(jià)值，估價(jià)。根

34、據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，現(xiàn)在的人平均壽命比以前更長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)原因是人們從童年的疾病中幸存了下來，故選A。 9.D考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)改變了自然的法則之前，很多孩子死于常見的兒童疾病。problems 問題；fears 恐懼，害怕；worries 擔(dān)心；diseases 疾病。根據(jù)句意可知，以前的人們因?yàn)楹芏嗥毡榈膬和膊《溃詫?dǎo)致平均壽命比較低。故選D。 10.B考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低

35、了，那么活得更長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)就更高了，因?yàn)橛辛烁玫娘嬍澈歪t(yī)學(xué)護(hù)理。poor 窮的；young 年輕的；sick 病的；quiet 安靜的。根據(jù)這一段的意思可知，以前人們?cè)谛〉臅r(shí)候就因?yàn)樯∷廊チ?，dying young就是年少死去。故選B。 11.A考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：人口結(jié)構(gòu)的改變會(huì)對(duì)我們社會(huì)的發(fā)展和我們的生活方式有持續(xù)的影響。changes 改變；recovery 恢復(fù)；safety 安全；increases 增長(zhǎng)，增加。根據(jù)下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我們現(xiàn)在的人口結(jié)構(gòu)改變了，故選A。 12.B考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：一些

36、人擔(dān)心這個(gè)改變將會(huì)帶來一些壞處，然而還有一些人看到的是機(jī)會(huì)，而不是災(zāi)難。dreams 夢(mèng)想；chances 機(jī)會(huì)；strengths 力量；choices 選擇。根據(jù)句意可知，這句話中的while 表示對(duì)比，即跟前一種人不一樣的看法，故選B。 13.A考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：現(xiàn)在，很多處在“黃金年齡”的男士和女士，身體都非常健康，仍然積極，心態(tài)也很年輕。mind 心態(tài)；appearance 外表；voice 聲音；movement移動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)該是說雖然年齡老了，但是心態(tài)依然年輕，故選A。 14.C考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：隨著我們的社會(huì)老齡化，我們需要這些老年公民們的貢

37、獻(xiàn)。protection保護(hù)；suggestions建議；contributions 貢獻(xiàn)；permission允許。根據(jù)文意可知，現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)逐漸老齡化，因此老年人也要繼續(xù)給我們的社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)，故選C。 15.D考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。句意：前面還有很長(zhǎng)的壽命，他們需要保持積極的心態(tài)和奉獻(xiàn)的精神。sound聽起來；appear好像；出現(xiàn)；turn轉(zhuǎn)，變成；stay保持。根據(jù)文意可知，現(xiàn)在人們的壽命更長(zhǎng)了，因此老年人也要繼續(xù)保持積極心態(tài)，為我們的社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)。故應(yīng)選D。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】這篇短文是一篇議論文，討論了人類壽命增加這個(gè)話題，主要考查學(xué)生名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞等實(shí)詞在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下的使用和

38、詞義辨析，同時(shí)考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇理解的能力。學(xué)生要在理解短文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)每個(gè)題目中設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行辨析，同時(shí)還需要注意上下文的暗示，選出最符合文意的一項(xiàng)。 2014年高考試題議論文類 【2014·廣東卷】完形填空 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent

39、research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patienc

40、e continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approach

41、es are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better.

42、For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions. Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children

43、but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems

44、 between parents and children can be settled. 1.A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar 2.A. interest B. argument C. link D.knowledge 3.A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked 4.A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research 5.A. washing B. using

45、 C. dropping D. replacing 6.A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 7.A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful 8.A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 9.A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature 10.A. failures

46、 B. changes C. consequences D. thrills 11.A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider 12.A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust 13.A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk 14.A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop 15.A. loving B. observ

47、ing C. understanding D. praising 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。討論了家長(zhǎng)和孩子如何相處的問題。一味的責(zé)備會(huì)使得親情疏遠(yuǎn)。父母也應(yīng)該傾聽孩子的心里話。溝通是一個(gè)雙向的過程。做一個(gè)聰明的善解人意的家長(zhǎng)更受孩子的歡迎。 1.D 考查形容詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。父母覺得很難與青少年生活。然后青少年也有和父母相似的感受，說和他們一起生活不容易。此處natural自然的；strong強(qiáng)壯的；guity犯罪的；similar 相似的。 根據(jù)空前、空后的提示可知，父母和孩子有著相似的感覺。故選D。 2.B 考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)研究

48、，父母與青少年之間的最常見的爭(zhēng)吵是關(guān)于邋逼和每日的例行任務(wù)。此處interest興趣；argumet爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵；link聯(lián)系；nowledge知識(shí)。根據(jù)下文可知，因?yàn)楦改覆粷M意孩子不能保持自己房間的干凈、整齊、衛(wèi)生而發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵。故選B。 3.C 考查形容詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。 根據(jù)：扔在地板上的衣服，可知房間很凌亂。 此處noisy喧鬧的；crowded擁擠的；messy雜亂的；locked上鎖的。故選C。 4.B 考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。凌亂的房間，扔在地板上的衣服等這些都是家務(wù)方面的事。此處 homework作業(yè)；housework家務(wù)；problem難題；research 研究

49、，調(diào)查。故選B。 5.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。另一方面，青少年認(rèn)為父母因?yàn)閮H僅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上等一些小事而責(zé)怪他們而不耐煩。 此處washing 洗；using 使用；dropping 落下；replacing 更換，替代。drop the towel 把毛巾掉在地上。故選C。 6.A 考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。圣喬治大學(xué)的研究表明不同的父母對(duì)這些問題有不同的方法。此處approaches 方法，途徑；contributions 貢獻(xiàn)；introductions 介紹，入門；attitudes 態(tài)度；看法。下一句有approaches一詞。故選A。 7.D 考查形

50、容詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。 此處 complex 復(fù)雜的；popular 受歡迎的；scientific 科學(xué)的；successful成功的。接下來列舉了一些成功的父母的做法。故選D。 8.A 考查副詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。例如，父母先因?yàn)楹⒆渝邋荻蠛鸫蠼?，后來又為他們收拾房間。此處later后來；deliberately故意地； seldom很少；thoroughly徹底。這樣的父母我們生活中不少見。故選A。 9.A 考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。例如，那些因?yàn)楹⒆渝邋荻蠛鸫蠼械呛髞碛譃樗麄兎块g打掃的的父母有更少的機(jī)會(huì)改變他們孩子的行為。此處beha

51、vior行為；taste味道；future未來；nature自然。孩子不改變行為是因?yàn)楦改肛?zé)備了他們?nèi)缓笥謳退麄兪帐笆购⒆诱J(rèn)為被批評(píng)了就可以不做了。自然行為得不到改變。故選A。 10.C 考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。根據(jù)后面可知，與此相反，那些讓青少年體驗(yàn)他們的行為的結(jié)果的父母可以做得更好。此處failures失敗；changes變化；consequences結(jié)果；thrills興奮、震顫。故選C。 11.D 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。例如，當(dāng)青少年不購(gòu)物幫助他們的父母購(gòu)物時(shí)，他們?cè)诒淅锞驼也坏剿麄冏钕矏鄣娘嬃?，這樣他們就被迫重新考慮他們的行動(dòng)。 此處defend防御；delay耽擱；

52、repeat重復(fù)；reconsider重新考慮。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和詞的意義可知，選D。 12.A 考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。心理學(xué)家說交流是家長(zhǎng)和孩子關(guān)系中最重要的事。此處communication 交流；bond結(jié)合；friendship友誼；trust 信任。有溝通才會(huì)消除隔閔和誤解。故選A。 13.D 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。父母應(yīng)和子女交談，但同時(shí)也應(yīng)該聽一聽他們要說什么。 此處reply 回答；attend參加；atach附加、系；talk談?wù)?。talk to 和.….交流。故選D。 14.B 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。父母責(zé)備他們的孩子當(dāng)他們的房間凌亂時(shí)，但他們也應(yīng)該明白

53、他們的房間是他們自己的私人空間。此處 hate討厭；scold責(zé)備；frighten 嚇唬；stop停止。代入四個(gè)詞分析，只有B符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 15.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。溝通是一個(gè)雙向的過程。它只有通過傾聽和理解對(duì)方，父母與子女之間的問題才可以得到解決。此處 loving愛；observing觀察；understanding理解；praising表?yè)P(yáng)。代入四個(gè)詞分析， C更符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 2015說明文 1.【2015·重慶】B Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28

54、 , your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 29 jet lag（時(shí)差反應(yīng)）. Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31. For exa

55、mple, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin（客艙） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach wi

56、ll prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and wakefulness. 28. A. flight B. change C. demand D. climate 29. A. suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to 30. A. danger B. problem C. waste D. fear 31. A. briefly B.

57、slowly C. suddenly D. effectively 32. A. checking B. sending C. adjusting D. stopping 33. A. awake B. alone C. hungry D. calm 34. A. though B. so C. whole D. or 35. A. understanding B. cycle C. research D. trend 【文章大意】本文講述在旅行中如何調(diào)整你的生物鐘。 28.B 考查名詞辨析。

58、A flight航班； B change變化； C demand要求； D climate氣候； 句意：慢慢地對(duì)于變化做出反應(yīng)，你的生物鐘就要混淆。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知本文是關(guān)于對(duì)于時(shí)差的反應(yīng)，故選B項(xiàng)。 29.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析 suffer　from 遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)破壞的 work on 從事于；look into調(diào)查；lead to 導(dǎo)致；根據(jù)時(shí)區(qū)的變化可知很明顯會(huì)導(dǎo)致時(shí)間反應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。 30.B 考查名詞辨析。Adange 危險(xiǎn)性Bproblem 問題在于Cwaste 浪費(fèi)者Dfear恐懼；句意：游客會(huì)用藥片和酒精來處理這個(gè)問題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知對(duì)待時(shí)差的問題，故選B項(xiàng)。 31.D 考查

59、副詞辨析。Abriefy 簡(jiǎn)潔地址Bslowly 慢慢地址Csuddenly 突然地址Deffectively有效地；句意：這有幾種健康的方法，并且很有效。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選D項(xiàng)。 32.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A checking 檢查員 B sending送到 C adjusting 調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu) D stopping停止播送 句意：比如，在上飛機(jī)前，開始調(diào)整你的生物鐘到你的目的的的時(shí)間。Adjust　to 把。。調(diào)整到，，故選C項(xiàng)。 33.A 考查形容詞辨析。A awake B alone C hungry D calm句意：如果是白天到目的地，試著保持清醒。Stay awake保持清醒，

60、故選A項(xiàng)。 34.D 考查連詞辨析。A Though 雖然如此 B so 因此次 C while雖然如此 D or 否則；句意：在這種情況下，提前吃飯，否則，空腹會(huì)讓阻止你睡。Or表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故選D項(xiàng)。 35.B 考查名詞辨析。A Understanding 明白的 B cycle圈； C research 研究；D trend趨勢(shì)；句意：這些建議能幫你開始新生物鐘。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B項(xiàng)。 2.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,

61、 C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people r

62、unning after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having t

63、o do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth

64、 go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First Impression To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164

65、college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their 5

66、8 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives. The 60 Knows Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be