2020高考英語 閱讀理解課堂練學案（9）

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1、2020;2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練學案（9） Passage Three (Pop Stars Earn Much) Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully

2、 dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive aeroplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are

3、 reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are news. If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them.

4、 They are no longer private individuals, but public property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical. And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendar

5、y: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedented scale. By today’s standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did. The competition for the title ‘Top

6、of the Pops’ is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal. It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Don’t the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency – often mor

7、e than large industrial concerns – and the taxman can only be grateful fro their massive annual contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them their rewards? It’s all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others. People who make envious remarks

8、should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen s

9、ecurity and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with comple

10、te failure. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. That’s the essence of private enterprise. 1.The sentence Pop stars’ style of living was once the prerogative

11、 only of Royalty means [A] their life was as luxurious as that of royalty. They enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty. [C] They are rather rich. [D] Their way of living was the same as that of the royalty. 2.What is the author’s attitude toward top stars’ high income?[A] Approval. Disap

12、proval. [C] Ironical. [D] Critical. 3.It can be inferred from the passage [A] there exists fierce competition in climbing to the top. People are blind in idolizing stars. [C] Successful Pop stars give great entertainment. [D] The tax they have paid are great. 4.What can we learn from the pas

13、sage? [A] Successful man should get high-income repayment. Pop stars made great contribution to a country. [C] Pop stars can enjoy the life of royalty. [D] Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg. 5.Which paragraph covers the main idea? [A] The first. The second. [C] The third. [D]

14、The fourth. Vocabulary1.prerogative ? ? ? ? ? ?權(quán)力，（尤指）特權(quán) 2.chauffeur ? ? ? ? ? ?受雇開車人，（尤指富人、要人的）司機 3.entourage ? ? ? ? ? ?隨行人員，伴隨者，近侍；建筑物周圍 4.astronomical ? ? ? ? ? ?龐大的，天文的 5.adulation ? ? ? ? ? ?奉承 6.gramophone ? ? ? ? ? ?灌音 7.colossal ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?巨大的 8.exchequer ? ? ? ? ? ?國庫，財源 E

15、xchequer Bond 國庫債券 9.begrudge ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?感到不快/不滿，忌妒 10.humdrum ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?平淡的，單調(diào)的 11.moan ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?呻吟聲 moan about ? ? 發(fā)牢騷 難句譯注 1.the prerogative of Royalty或the royal prerogative 皇家的特權(quán)（再英國指國王名義上享有不經(jīng)議會認可而采取行動的權(quán)力）。 2.People turn out in their thousands to greet them. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析

16、】turn out露面、集合、出席。EX: A vast crowd turned out to watch the match.大批觀眾到場觀看比賽。 【參考譯文】成千上萬的人們出來歡迎他們。 3.The great days of Hollywood have become legendry. 【參考譯文】好萊塢鼎盛時期成了神話。 4.By today’s standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. 【參考譯文】按今天的標準來看，好萊塢的奢華（過分的行為）似乎并不那么引人注目。 5

17、.A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did. 【參考譯文】今天單張錄音唱片掙的版稅要比過去一步電影還要多得多。 寫作方法與文章大意 作者以對比、因果寫作手法，寫出歌星享受者貴族般生活方式，出門受千萬人群歡迎，出入高級車、機，身后保鏢、經(jīng)紀人、新聞記者，來去都有報道，這一切是社會對高級演員的慷慨贈予。公司的高級人員享受高薪，歌星也應(yīng)享受。再則頂尖歌星冒有很大風險。 答案詳解 1.B 他們享受一度只屬于貴族享用的一切

18、。第一段集中談了這些：他們走到哪里，成千上萬人們出來歡迎，卻中發(fā)瘋地要看一眼穿著花哨的偶像的笑容。這些歌星坐著司機開動的Rolls-Royces汽車、私人直升飛機，高級長官飛機到處走，永遠圍著一批經(jīng)紀人、報界記者和保鏢隨從人員。他們的照片定期登在報刊上，因為歌星象貴族一樣是新聞人物。 A.他們的生活和貴族一樣奢侈。C.他們很富。D.他們的生活方式和貴族生活方式一個樣。 2.A 贊成。在第一段最后一句：“他們?yōu)樗麄兊臓奚@取的報酬難以計算，支付率驚人?！钡诙我婚_始就點明“為什么不驚人？社會對高級表演者總是慷慨解囊。好萊塢的鼎盛時期名揚天下，著名歌星先手空前絕后的名、利、奉承。”第三段更明

19、確指出：應(yīng)該這樣支付星族，這完全正確。企業(yè)中的頂尖人物因為他們?yōu)楣竞蛧宜鞯囊磺胁灰矑甑酶哳~工資？稅務(wù)員應(yīng)感謝他們每年為國庫做出了巨大的貢獻。所以誰會忌妒他們的報酬呢？最后一段進一步說明：欲成為星族的人冒著很大的風險，誰都知道只有一小撮人能成為頂尖人物，也可能多年的努力以徹底失敗而告終，而成功的報酬確實很高，這是對他們冒險的補償。這些內(nèi)容都說明作者贊成巨額報酬。 A.不同意。C.諷刺的。D.批評的。 3.A 在攀登頂峰中存在著激烈的競爭。這在第三段最后一句明確指出：獲取頂尖的流行歌星的稱號競爭激烈，但其報酬確實驚人。最后一段的風險說。還有最后一段第二句：說忌妒話的人應(yīng)記?。鹤钣忻男亲?/p>

20、代表的只是冰山之巔――人極少。每個成名的歌星身后就有成千上百個其他歌者為生存而奮斗。這都說明“競爭激烈”。 B.人們盲目崇拜偶像歌星。C.成功的流行歌星演出給人極大的享受。D.他們支付的稅收巨大。 4.D 成功者只是冰山的頂尖――少極了。 A.成功的人應(yīng)當獲得高收入。B.流行歌星對國家做出巨大貢獻。C.流行歌星能享受貴族生活。 5.D 第四段。主旨句是倒數(shù)第一、二句，成功的報酬確實很高，這是對其高度風險的還報補償，如果他成功了，他肯定掙得多。那就是私人事業(yè)的根本/本質(zhì)。 A.第一段。這段之對比了貴族和歌星的生活方式。B.第二段。這段講了掙得多，但競爭激烈。C.第三段。歌星和企業(yè)頂尖人

21、物對比。 Passage Four (Examinations Exert a Pernicious Influence on Education) We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educa

22、tionists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly un

23、der extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. I

24、t doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a

25、 child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the

26、suicide rate among students? A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to rea

27、d widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects,

28、they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective asses

29、sment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s

30、 decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils

31、 down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’ 1.The main idea of this passage is[A] examinations exert a pernicious influence on education. examinations are in

32、effective. [C] examinations are profitable for institutions. [D] examinations are a burden on students. 2.The author’s attitude toward examinations is [A]detest. approval. [C] critical. [D] indifferent. 3.The fate of students is decided by[A] education. institutions. [C] examinations. [D]

33、 students themselves. 4.According to the author, the most important of a good education is [A] to encourage students to read widely. to train students to think on their own. [C] to teach students how to tackle exams. [D] to master his fate. 5.Why does the author mention court? [A] Give an exa

34、mple. For comparison. [C] It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations. [D] It shows the results of court is more effectise. Vocabulary 1.pernicious ? ? ?有害的，惡性的，破壞性的 2.knack ? ? ? ? ? ?竅門，訣竅 3.embark ? ? ? ? ? ?乘船，登記 4.write off ? ? ?勾銷，注銷。確認某食物已損失或無效 5.syllab

35、us ? ? ? ?教學大綱 6.cram ? ? ? ? ? ?塞入，把某物塞進，突擊式學習（尤指應(yīng)考），以注入方式教人 7.duress ? ? ? ? ? ?威脅，逼迫 8.stack ? ? ? ? ? ?堆，垛 9.scrawl ? ? ? ? ? ?寫/畫（的內(nèi)容不工整，不仔細）潦草的筆跡，七扭八歪的字 10.script ? ? ? ? ? ?講稿，劇本，腳本，筆試答卷 11.cynical ? ? ? ? ? ?憤世嫉俗的，自私得為人不齒的 12.boil down ? ? ?熬濃，濃縮，歸納 難句譯注 1. ? ? ?For all the pious

36、claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. 【參考譯文】盡管所有那些虔誠的說法說考試能測定你所知道的東西，但其結(jié)果常常是適得其反，這是眾所周之的常識。 2. ? ? ?As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】second to none固定搭配，義：不亞于任何人或事物。 【參考譯文】（測）考試作為憂慮的制造者，真是出類拔萃。 3. ?

37、 ? ?induce cramming 誘人采用突擊式學習方式。Cram盡力塞入，應(yīng)試突擊學習。EX: cram for a chemistry test.為應(yīng)付化學考試而臨時抱佛腳。Cram pupils以填鴨式教學生。 4. ? ? ?Yet you have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. 【參考譯文】他們不得不在限定的時間內(nèi)，給一大堆匆忙涂寫而成的筆試答卷批分。 5. ? ? ?And their word carries weight. 【參考譯文】可他們的話/文

38、字（這里指分數(shù)）有份量（有影響）。 6. ? ? ?This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. 【參考譯文】這就是最終分析所歸納的一切。 寫作方法與文章大意 這是一篇類似分類寫作的文章。羅列了考試種種惡果。作者首先指出考試難以測定人的真正能力和水平，反而是適得其反。二是考試是憂慮的制造者，因為它決定了人的成敗命運。三是考試促使學校進行應(yīng)試技巧教育，否定了教會人獨立思考、擴大視野。四是教師或者說測試人又累又餓，犯錯誤，還得在限定時間披閱成堆的試卷，他們的壓力和考試者一樣很大，而他們的話――分數(shù)有份量，審判官的裁決，你有權(quán)上訴

39、，而他們的裁決――一筆定終身。 最后引用“輟學者成為百萬富翁”來點明測試這種形式對教育的壞影響。 答案詳解 1. ? ? ?A 考試對教育具有有害的影響。文章第一段就點明：考試是測試記憶的好方法，是測試在巨大壓力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，卻測不出一個人的真正能力和水平。第三段集中指出：考試不是促進學生廣泛閱讀，反而限制其閱讀；考試不能使學生追求更多的知識，而是誘導學生進行應(yīng)付考試的突擊式學習。他們降低了教學水平，因為他們剝奪了老師的一切自由。常常以考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程來評定老師，是他們不得不以他們所輕視的考試技巧來培訓學生。第二段和第四段也涉及其后果。 B.考試無效。這是考試后果

40、的一個方面。C.考試對教育機構(gòu)有利。這也是一個方面。D.考試對學生是一種負擔。 2. ? ? ?C 批評的。第一段中作者明確指出，考試方法依舊，不能測出人的能力和水平。第二段點名，這種無用的考試決定人生的成敗。第三段說考試最成功的考試者經(jīng)常不是最佳的受教育者，他們是在脅迫下最佳獲得考試技巧者，而好的教育應(yīng)能培養(yǎng)人的獨立思考。第四段涉及閱卷者又累又餓，常犯錯誤，不得不在限定時間披閱一大堆匆忙中七扭八歪寫出的卷子。最后一句“我過去是一個是來歲的輟學者，現(xiàn)在我是一個年輕的百萬富翁”畫龍點睛地指出，考試指揮下的教育的失敗。這一切都說明作者對考試的批評態(tài)度。 A.嫌惡，厭惡。此答案從意義上說是對的。

41、但語法不通，因為這是個東西，而is后要求是名詞或形容詞。B.贊成。D.漠不關(guān)心的。 3. ? ? ?C 考試。答案在第二段，考試是最終憂慮制造者，那是因為許多事情取決于考試：它們是我們社會中成功或失敗的標志。你的未來可能全取決于這決定性的一天。 A.教育。B.教育機構(gòu)。D.學生自己。 4. ? ? ?B 培養(yǎng)學生進行獨立思考。第三段第一句話點明：好的教育應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)學生自己獨立思考。 A.鼓勵學生廣泛閱讀。教學生如何應(yīng)考。C.教學生如何應(yīng)考。D.掌握自己命運。 5. ? ? ?B 作對比，答案在最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“審判官裁決后，你有權(quán)力上訴，而披閱考卷人給分后，學生可沒有上訴權(quán)”后面又

42、談及“一想到考試只對進行考試的機構(gòu)有禮，未免太自私了。這酒是最終分析歸納的東西。”所以作者呼吁，可定還有許多更簡便，更有效的評估人真正能力的方法。 A.給出一個例子。C.表示老師是由考試結(jié)果評定好壞。這是第三段講的不分內(nèi)容，教師他們自己常由考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程優(yōu)劣來評定。所以他們不得不對學生進行應(yīng)試技巧教育，降低教學水平。D.表明審判官裁決更有效。 Passage Five (Killing in the Name of God ? ? Ugandan Deaths Spotlight Rise of Cults) How could faith beget such evil?

43、After hundreds of members of a Ugandan cult, the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, died in what first appeared to be a suicidal fire in the village of Kanungu two weeks age, police found 153 bodies buried in a compound used by the cult in Buhunga, 25 miles away. When inves

44、tigators searched the house of a cult leader in yet another village, they discovered 155 bodies, many buried under the concrete floor of the house. Then scores more were dug up at a cult member’s home. Some had been poisoned; others, often-young children, strangled. By week’s end, Ugandan police had

45、 counted 924 victims – including at least 530 who burned to death inside the sealed church – exceeding the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of American cult leader Jim Jones that claimed 913 lives. Authorities believe two of the cult’s leaders, Joseph Kibwetere, a 68-year-old f

46、ormer Roman Catholic catechism teacher who started the cult in 1987, and his “prophetess, ” Credonia Mwerinde, by some accounts a former prostitute who claimed to speak for the Virgin Mary, may still be alive and on the run. The pair had predicted the world would end on Dec. 31, 1999. When that didn

47、’t happen, followers who demanded the return of their possessions, which they had to surrender on joining the cult, may have been systematically killed. The Ugandan carnage focuses attention on the proliferation of religious cults in East Africa’s impoverished rural areas and city slums. According

48、to the institute for the study of American religion, which researches cults and sects, there are now more than 5,000 indigenous churches in Africa, some with apocalyptic or revolutionary leanings. One such group is the Jerusalem Church of Christ in Nairobi’s Kawangwara slums, led by Mary Snaida-Akat

49、sa, or “mommy” as she is known to her thousands of followers. She prophesies about the end of the world and accuses some members of being witches. One day the brought a “special visitor” to church, an Indian Sikh man she claimed was Jesus, and told her followers to “repent or pay the consequences.”

50、 Most experts say Africa’s hardships push people to seek hope in religious cults. “These groups thrive because of poverty,” says Charles Onyango Obbo, editor of the Monitor, an independent newspaper in Uganda, and a close observer of cults. “People have no support, and they’re susceptible to anyone

51、who is able to tap into their insecurity.” Additionally, they say, AIDS, which has ravaged East Africa, may also breed a fatalism that helps apocalyptic notions take root. Some Africans turn to cults after rejecting mainstream Christian churches as “Western” or “non-African.” Agnes Masitsa, 30, who

52、 used to attend a Catholic church before she joined the Jerusalem Church of Christ, says of Catholicism: “It’s dull.” Catholic icons. Yet, the Ugandan doomsday cult, like many of the sects, drew on features of Roman Catholicism, a strong force in the region. Catholic icons were prominent in its bui

53、ldings, and some of its leaders were defrocked priests, such as Dominic Kataribabo, 32, who reportedly studied theology in the Los Angeles area in the mid-1980s. He had told neighbors he was digging a pit in his house to install a refrigerator; police have now recovered 81 bodies from under the floo

54、r and 74 from a field nearby. Police are unsure whether Kataribabo died in the church fire. Still, there is the question: How could so many killings have been carried out without drawing attention? Villagers were aware of Kibwetere’s sect, whose followers communicated mainly through sign language a

55、nd apparently were apprehensive about violating any of the cult’s commandments. There were suspicions. Ugandan president Yoweri Mseveni told the BBC that intelligence reports about the dangerous nature of the group had been suppressed by some government officials. On Thursday, police arrested an ass

56、istant district commissioner, the Rev. Amooti Mutazindwa, for allegedly holding back a report suggesting the cult posed a security threat. Now, there are calls for African governments to monitor cults more closely. Says Gilbert Ogutu, a professor of religious studies at the University of Nairobi: “

57、When cult leaders lose support, they become dangerous.” 1.Why did so may Ugandans die in faith? [A] Many of them were killed for asking for the return of their possessions. They found the cult’s leaders had cheated them. [C] They lost faith in cults. [D] They are willing to die. 2.The main r

58、eason of people’s joining the cults is [A] poverty. insecurity. [C] AIDS. [D] fatalism. 3.What does Mary Snaide Akatsa prophesy? [A] She prophesies the world will be flooded. She prophesies the world will be in fire. [C] She prophesies about the end of the world. [D] She prophesies he follo

59、wers should die in faith. 4.Why do some Africans reject Christian Churches? [A] They feel Christianity is dull. They reject Christian Churches as Western or non-African. [C] They are susceptible. [D] They are dangerous persons. 5.How could so many killing have been carried out without drawing

60、attention? [A] The cult acted secretly. The government officials did not see through its dangerous nature. [C] There were no preventive measures. [D] People were frightened. Vocabulary 1.beget ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?產(chǎn)生，引起，招致 2.cult ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?祭禮，狂烈的崇拜（者），迷信，邪教 pound ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?院子，場地

61、 4.strangle ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?扼死，悶死 5.carnage ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?殘殺，大屠殺，成堆的尸體 6.catechism ? ? ? ? ? ?教理問答 7.prophet ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?預言者，先知 8.on the run ? ? ? ? ? ?在逃 9.proliferation ? ? ? ? ? ?擴散，繁殖 10.indigenous ? ? ? ? ? ?本土的，土生土張的 11.apocalypse ? ? ? ? ? ?（基督教）啟事（錄）《圣經(jīng)新約》 12.be susceptible

62、? ? ? ? ? ?易受人影響 13.ravage ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?蹂躪，劫掠 14.fatalism ? ? ? ? ? ?宿命論 15.apocalyptic ? ? ? ? ? ?預警 16.icon ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?（東正教）圣像 17.doomsday ? ? ? ? ? ?世界末日 18.Jerusalem ? ? ? ? ? ?耶路撒冷，喻：天堂 19.Kenya ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?肯尼亞 20.Nairobi ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?內(nèi)羅畢，肯尼亞首都 21.mommy ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

63、 ? ?嬤嬤＝mother 22.repent ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?懺悔 23.Sikh ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?錫克教（信徒） 24.defrock ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?免去…圣職的。這里指：免去圣職的牧師 25.sect ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?宗教小組 26.pose ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?提問 難句譯注1. ? ? ?…the Movement for the restoration of the Ten Commandments of God… 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】Ten commandments 十戒，是圣經(jīng)中上

64、帝再西奈山上給予摩西（猶太人的古代領(lǐng)袖）十大行為的神圣準則： a) ? ? ?have no other god. b) ? ? ?Do not make or warship idols. c) ? ? ?Do not take the word of the lord in vain. d) ? ? ?Keep the Sabbath holy. e) ? ? ?Honor one’s father and mother. f) ? ? ?Do not kill. g) ? ? ?Do not commit adultery. h) ? ? ?Do not steal.

65、i) ? ? ?Do not give false evidence. j) ? ? ?Do not covet another’s property or wife. 這十戒為猶太教、基督教的教條。 【參考譯文】這是烏干達回復上帝十戒運動頭目以上帝的名義在2000年屠殺了924名信徒。 2. ? ? ?the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of American cult leader Jim Jones that claimed 913 lives. 這是指美國的一個邪教組織――人民圣殿教。1978年1

66、1月19日教徒在教主Jim Jones的蒙騙或脅迫下在圭亞那集體自殺或扼殺（或強制和下Kool-Aid）或遭襲擊而死。人數(shù)高達913。此后Jones一詞意為殘忍的人。殺人的地點就成為Jonestown。 3. ? ? ?they are susceptible to any one who is able to tap into their insecurity. 【參考譯文】他們易受任何人的影響，這些人能利用他們不安的情緒。 4. ? ? ?drew on features of Roman Catholicism. 【參考譯文】利用羅馬天主教義等特點。 寫作方法與文章大意 文章以因果寫作方法，先提出各種邪教殘害的人數(shù)，然后一一點出邪教興起的原因：人民貧窮、艾滋病之猖獗，為宿命論提供了溫床。加上邪教頭目種種欺騙手段：如世界末日來臨利用一些正教教義或以基督、圣母瑪利亞的身份出現(xiàn)控制、麻木信徒，一旦欺騙手段暴露信徒就慘遭殺害。 答案詳解 1. ? ? ?A 許多人由于要歸還他們的財產(chǎn)而遭到殺害。答案見第二段倒數(shù)第二句，這一對邪教領(lǐng)袖曾預言世界將于1999