《2020年小升初英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)要點歸納素材》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《2020年小升初英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)要點歸納素材(6頁珍藏版)》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第二部分:語法知識
一.名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),名詞的格
(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以―f或fe‖結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife
2、-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
?。ǘ┟~的格
(1) 有生命的東西
3、的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 ‘s 如: Lucy‘s ruler my father‘s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ‘如: his friends‘ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ‘s children‘s shoes
l 并列名詞中,如果把 ‘s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike‘s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
l 要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加‘s
Tom‘s and Mike‘s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生
4、命東西的名詞通常用― of +名詞‖來表示所有關(guān)系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:
?。?) 不定冠詞:a / an
?。?) 元音讀音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an
5、 example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
?。?)定冠詞:the 2. 用法:
定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
?。?)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
?。?)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren‘t
6、at school.
?。?)在序數(shù)詞前: John‘s birthday is February the second.
?。?)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠詞的情況:
?。?)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
?。?)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can‘t swim. They ar
7、e teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It‘s Sunday.
?。?)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
?。?)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
?。?)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:T
8、his is Mr Li.
?。?)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
四、形容詞,副詞:比較級,最高級
?。ㄒ唬⑿稳菰~的比較級
1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:
?、?一般在詞尾加er ;
?、?以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
9、
?、?以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
?。ǘ└痹~的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動) ⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后 ⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后
2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)
五 數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞
?。?)1-20
one
10、,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99
先說―幾十‖,再說―幾‖,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
11、(3)101—999
先說―幾百‖,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
?。?)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個―,‖,第一個―,‖前為thousand.第二個―,‖前為million,第三個―,‖前為billion 1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six mill
12、ion two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
二、序數(shù)詞
?。?)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
?。?)不規(guī)則變化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
?。?)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為i
13、e再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
?。?)從二十一后的―幾十幾‖直至―幾百幾十幾‖或―幾千幾百幾十幾‖只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣: 基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty將y變成i,th前面有個e.
若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序。
六、介詞:
常用介詞:in, on
14、, at, behind等
1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法: at(on)the weekend在周末---特指 at(on)weekends在周末---泛指 over the weekend在整個周末 during the weekend在周末期間
?。?)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Christmas而不說on Chr
15、istmas 2)在(剛……)的時候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
3.in
1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))
七、動詞:
動詞的四種時態(tài):
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時:
一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成
be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I
16、 am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。 動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,變y
17、為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
?。?、規(guī)則動詞
?、?一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
?、?以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry
– carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所
18、以不屬于此類)
?、?雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam ,
19、tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
?。?)一般將來時: 基本結(jié)構(gòu): ①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
?。?)現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
?、?雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting