山東省2013年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題整合突破六 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
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1、2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)山東版 六、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 真題試做 1.(2012山東高考,28)After Jack had sent some emails, he ______ working on his project. A.had started B.has started C.started D.starts 2.(2011山東高考,31)When I got on the bus,I ______ I had left my wallet at home. A.was realizing B.realized C.have r
2、ealized D.would realize 3.(2011山東高考,35)She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the children ______ everything! A.had been eating B.had eaten C.have eaten D.have been eating 4.(2010山東高考,30)Up to now,the program ______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A.would
3、save B.saves C.had saved D.has saved 考向分析 從歷年高考試題看,涉及時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的題目最多,且每年題目數(shù)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。測(cè)試重點(diǎn)主要是以下幾個(gè)方面: 1.注重在語(yǔ)境中考查常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別,如一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(過(guò)去時(shí))與現(xiàn)在(過(guò)去)進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別等。要求準(zhǔn)確判斷動(dòng)作和時(shí)間的關(guān)系,正確理解時(shí)間概念,如是現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去還是將來(lái),是時(shí)間段、時(shí)間點(diǎn)還是時(shí)間瞬間。 2.遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原則,考查在狀語(yǔ)從句等特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中時(shí)態(tài)的代替。要求吃透語(yǔ)境,摸清命題人的意圖,善于捕捉句子中所隱含的時(shí)間信息,克服漢語(yǔ)式的慣性思維。
4、 3.把語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合在一起,進(jìn)行綜合考查。各種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,仍是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一,而且題干中有效信息越來(lái)越隱蔽,試題難度呈現(xiàn)加大的趨勢(shì)。要求明確謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,分清是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。 4.考查主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。對(duì)語(yǔ)境理解能力的要求逐步提高,且要重視有特殊用法的動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。 熱點(diǎn)例析 考點(diǎn)一:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示長(zhǎng)期或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行;過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也可表示一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如: We are waiting for you. W
5、hen I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining. 2.進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always/constantly/continually,frequently等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有主觀色彩。如: You are always changing your mind. 3.下面四類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞:know,realize,think,see,believe,trust,suppose,imagine,guess,agree,recognize,remember,wan
6、t,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,like,love,hate,care,mind,wish等。 (2)表示存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞:have,own,appear,belong,possess,cost,exist,lie,include,contain,remain,seem等。 (3)表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞:accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,permit,decide,promise,admit,complete,refuse等。 (4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞:see,hear,notice,feel,smel
7、l,sound,taste,look等。 【典例分析】 (2011遼寧高考,28)I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ______. A.was doing B.a(chǎn)m doing C.have done D.had been doing 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:一完成手頭的工作我就去圖書(shū)館。根據(jù)主句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)排除表示過(guò)去的A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng);根據(jù)句意排除表示完成的C項(xiàng);正確答案為B項(xiàng),表示正在進(jìn)行。 (2012四川高考,9)—Did you catch what I said? —Sorry.I _
8、_____a text message just now. A.had answered B.have answered C.would answer D.was answering 答案為D項(xiàng)。由問(wèn)句“你聽(tīng)到我說(shuō)的話了嗎”可知是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作;答語(yǔ)意為“對(duì)不起。我剛才在回一條短信”。根據(jù)句意及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just now可知,回短信的動(dòng)作正好是發(fā)生在問(wèn)話人說(shuō)話的那一時(shí)間點(diǎn),即表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 考點(diǎn)二:一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 1.當(dāng)有表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(包括when)時(shí),主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如: When I was a child
9、,I often played football in the street. 2.當(dāng)有表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如for和since表示時(shí)間時(shí),主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止所做的事情或過(guò)去所做之事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。如: They have worked here since they left college. 3.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)也可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去一段時(shí)間里曾做過(guò)某事。如: He learned English for three years.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)三年英語(yǔ)。(只是強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)) He has learned English for three year
10、s.他學(xué)英語(yǔ)三年了。(到現(xiàn)在為止是3年,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響) 4.用already/yet/just/ever/never這些副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如: Have you finished your homework yet? 5.若單純談?wù)撨^(guò)去的動(dòng)作,用一般過(guò)去時(shí);若談?wù)撘患寻l(fā)生的事情,不考慮它是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的,而主要考慮對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如: I saw this film yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了) I have seen this film.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了) 【典例分析】 (2012江蘇高考,34)The pre
11、sident hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ______. A.has started B.starts C.started D.will start 答案為C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意判斷“開(kāi)始當(dāng)總統(tǒng)”是過(guò)去的事情,所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 (2012江西高考,26)—Look!Somebody ______ the sofa. —Well,it wasn't me.I didn't do it. A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.
12、has cleaned D.had cleaned 答案為C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)“Look!”一詞可判斷,此處強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果是“有人把沙發(fā)清理干凈了”,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 考點(diǎn)三:一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;即使沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,我們也可以作出明確的判斷。 2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生。時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)不同,一般過(guò)去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻而言,過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是與過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言的,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 如: When the police arrived,the thieves had run awa
13、y. 【典例分析】 (2012重慶高考,22)— Kevin,you look worried.Anything wrong? — Well,I ______ a test and I'm waiting for the result. A.will take B.took C.had taken D.take 答案為B項(xiàng)。由第二句中“I'm waiting for the result”可知,考試發(fā)生在過(guò)去,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意:—?jiǎng)P文,你看起來(lái)很焦慮,有什么事嗎?—哦,我考了一次試,現(xiàn)在正在等結(jié)果。故選B項(xiàng)。 (2012江蘇高考,32)The manager
14、 is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ______ some European business partners. A.would meet B.is meeting C.meets D.had met 答案為D項(xiàng)。分析句意可知,經(jīng)理已從巴黎回來(lái)了,遇到一些歐洲的生意合作伙伴是回來(lái)之前的事情,所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去之過(guò)去”。 考點(diǎn)四:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)結(jié)束;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重動(dòng)作本身,不涉及后果,動(dòng)作可能仍在繼續(xù)。如: I hav
15、e read the book.(已讀完) I have been reading the book.(仍在繼續(xù)) 2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如: Have you been meeting her lately?(經(jīng)常相見(jiàn)) Have you met her lately?(不重復(fù)發(fā)生) 3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng),有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)、一種影響或結(jié)果,平鋪直敘,沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言。如: Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)
16、瑪麗) Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)) 【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考,16)—Alvin,are you coming with us? —I'd love to,but something unexpected ______. A.has come up B.was coming up C.had come up D.would come up 答案為A項(xiàng)。上文用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作“你會(huì)和我們一起來(lái)嗎”,答語(yǔ)為“我很想(和你們一起去),但意外的事情發(fā)生了”。 顯然應(yīng)用
17、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“已經(jīng)發(fā)生”。 (2012全國(guó)高考Ⅱ,18)The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. A.has told B.is telling C.has been telling D.will have told 答案為C項(xiàng)。由句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since 9 am可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則側(cè)重做一件事情的過(guò)程,意為“一直在……”。句意:自從上午9點(diǎn),經(jīng)理就一直告訴工
18、人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C項(xiàng)。 考點(diǎn)五:時(shí)態(tài)的代替 1.在時(shí)間、條件和有些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中不使用將來(lái)時(shí),需表示將來(lái)時(shí)則用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。如: I don't know when he will come back,but when he comes back I will let you know. 2.有些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示不久的將來(lái),常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)o/come/leave/start/arrive/stay/take off等。如: I'm leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning. 3.某些動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事,常見(jiàn)的有b
19、egin/come/go/leave/arrive/start/stop/return/open/close/take off等。如: The train leaves at 10:12. 【典例分析】 (2012湖南高考,27)“The moment ______ soon,”he thought to himself,waiting nervously. A.came B.has come C.was coming D.is coming 答案為D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)soon判斷應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí),表示 “來(lái)、去、動(dòng)身、起程”之類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示不久的將來(lái),而
20、且此處為直接引語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)表示“這一時(shí)刻很快就要到了”。 Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026 ______ off at 18:20. A.takes B.took C.will be taken D.has taken 答案為A項(xiàng)。飛機(jī)起飛時(shí)間一般是固定的,每次都是一個(gè)時(shí)間,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。類(lèi)似的用法還有客觀真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。 考點(diǎn)六:各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成為“be+過(guò)去分詞”,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通過(guò)變化助動(dòng)詞be的形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)。如: A new freeway fro
21、m Beijing to Shanghai is being built now. The graduates from the university have been sent to work all over the country. The wounded was being operated by Doctor Wang this time yesterday. Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time. Professor Wang will be asked to attend the meeting.
22、They asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution. 【典例分析】 (2012北京高考,29)— Have you heard about that fire in the market? — Yes,fortunately no one ______. A.hurt B.was hurt C.has hurt D.had been hurt 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:—你聽(tīng)說(shuō)市場(chǎng)上發(fā)生的大火了嗎?—聽(tīng)說(shuō)了。幸運(yùn)的是,沒(méi)有人受傷。根據(jù)句意可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去且hurt是及物動(dòng)詞,與主
23、語(yǔ)存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (2012湖南高考,22)Don't worry.The hard work that you do now ______ later in life. A.will be repaid B.was being repaid C.has been repaid D.was repaid 答案為A項(xiàng)。句意:不要擔(dān)心。你現(xiàn)在所做的努力在今后的生活中會(huì)有回報(bào)的。根據(jù)later in life可知,此處要用將來(lái)時(shí),且主語(yǔ)the hard work與repay之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故A項(xiàng)正確。 (2012四川高考,11)They
24、 are living with their parents for the moment because their own house______. A.is being rebuilt B.has been rebuilt C.is rebuilt D.has rebuilt 答案為A項(xiàng)。房子和重建為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,由“和父母住在一起”可知“房子正在重建”,所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:目前他們和父母住在一起,因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟ā9蔬xA項(xiàng)。 考點(diǎn)七:不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況 只有及物動(dòng)詞或帶賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。應(yīng)注意下列情況不存在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1
25、.系動(dòng)詞become/turn/get/look/sound/smell/taste/feel等沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: My son has become a young fellow. This kind of cloth feels soft. 2.表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞have(有)/possess(擁有)/hold(容納)/suit(適合)/fit(適合)/equal(等于)/contain(包含)/cost(花費(fèi))/last(持續(xù))/mean(意味著)/belong to(屬于)/consist of(由……組成)等沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: They have a new color TV
26、 set. The big hall holds 5000 people. 3.happen,take place,occur to,break out,come about等表示“發(fā)生,爆發(fā)”的單詞或短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 【典例分析】 (2010重慶高考,29)The palace caught fire three times in the last century,and little of the original building ______ now. A.remains B.is remained C.is remaining D.has been
27、 remained 答案為A項(xiàng)。remain為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“保留下來(lái);保存下來(lái)”,可排除用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的B、D項(xiàng);remain為靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞,不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),可排除C項(xiàng)。故選A項(xiàng)。 (2012重慶高考,27)Food supplies in the floodstricken area ______.We must act immediately before there's none left. A.have run out B.a(chǎn)re running out C.have been run out D.a(chǎn)re being run out 答案為B項(xiàng)。run out意為“
28、(被)用完,耗盡”,該短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),可排除C、D兩項(xiàng);由后句中的before there's none left可知,現(xiàn)在還有糧食,并沒(méi)有耗盡,故排除A項(xiàng);run out的進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來(lái)。句意:洪災(zāi)區(qū)的食物供給快要沒(méi)有了,我們必須趕在食物耗盡之前行動(dòng)起來(lái)。 考點(diǎn)八:主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1.動(dòng)詞act,build,burn,clean,cook,cut,drink,drive,dry,eat,fill,keep,lock,open,print,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等以物作主語(yǔ),不表示動(dòng)作而表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)、性狀、特征時(shí),需用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
29、其肯定式一般需后接狀語(yǔ)作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明,其否定式一般用won't,wouldn't,can't 等。如: This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。 2.動(dòng)詞want/need/require和worth以物作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后面需用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。如: My watch needs repairing. The song is well worth listening to. 3.形容詞easy,hard,difficult,important,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,cheap,expensive,impossib
30、le,dangerous 等后接不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如: English is not easy to learn. The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 4.不定式作定語(yǔ),若與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí),可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如: I have a lot of things to do. 若與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系,還是用被動(dòng)式為好。如: I have nothing to be taken there,thank you. 【典例分析】 The roast duck which M
31、r.and Mrs.White prepared ______ well. A.sold B.had been sold C.was sold D.would sell 答案為A項(xiàng)。該題中sell表示“賣(mài)得……”,一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),再根據(jù)prepared的時(shí)態(tài)判斷答案為A項(xiàng)。 誤區(qū)警示 1.幾種基本時(shí)態(tài)易混點(diǎn) (2012課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考,23)“Life is like walking in the snow,”Granny used to say,“because every step ______.” A.has shown B.is sh
32、owing C.shows D.showed 【錯(cuò)混透析】C show意為“顯示,顯現(xiàn)”,此處祖母說(shuō)的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí),所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意:奶奶以前常說(shuō):“人生就像在雪中行走一樣,因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉紩?huì)留下痕跡?!痹擃}易誤選D項(xiàng),主要是受used to的干擾。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 對(duì)于考查基本時(shí)態(tài)的題目,試題的設(shè)置多以考生普遍感到困惑的幾組時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)相互干擾。這就要求考生必須明確這些時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法以及它們之間的區(qū)別,然后結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或題干中其他部分提供的時(shí)間信息作出最佳選擇。 2.隱含時(shí)間的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (2012四川高考,3)—Goodbye,John.Come back ag
33、ain sometime. —Sure.______. A.I did B.I do C.I shall D.I will 【錯(cuò)混透析】D 第一句話是告別時(shí)的用語(yǔ),并邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方抽時(shí)間再回來(lái),該題雖然沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),但顯然回來(lái)的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是將來(lái)才發(fā)生的,因此選用I will。該題易誤選C項(xiàng),雖然will和shall都可表示將來(lái),但是will含有“愿意”的意味。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 平時(shí)人們交流時(shí),并不是每一句話都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而高考試題為了增加難度,考查時(shí)態(tài)的題目更是常常不出現(xiàn)明確的時(shí)間,有效信息越來(lái)越隱蔽。解答這類(lèi)題目時(shí),要仔細(xì)體會(huì)上下文或具體的語(yǔ)境,確定動(dòng)作發(fā)
34、生的時(shí)間,從而確定用什么時(shí)態(tài)。 3.時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)綜合考查的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (2012上海高考,26) Is honesty the best policy? We ______ that it is when we are little. A.will teach B.teach C.a(chǎn)re taught D.will be taught 【錯(cuò)混透析】C 句意:誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策嗎?我們小時(shí)候就是這樣被人教的。根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可判斷主句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),同時(shí)主語(yǔ)we與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞teach是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該題易忽視語(yǔ)態(tài)而誤選B項(xiàng)。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 高考對(duì)于語(yǔ)
35、態(tài)的考查,往往是設(shè)置語(yǔ)境,把時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查。首先應(yīng)判斷句子主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系,是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng);然后判斷謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生的時(shí)間,最后作出選擇。 1.(2012山東濟(jì)寧一中三模,24) I'm sure I ______ in a certain key university at this time next year. A.a(chǎn)m studying B.will have studied C.will be studying D.will study 2.—The food here is nice enough. —My friend ______
36、me a right place. A.introduces B.introduced C.had introduced D.was introducing 3.(2012山東濰坊重點(diǎn)中學(xué)月考,26)— Guess what,we've got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer. —How nice! You______ a different culture then. A.will be experienced B.have experienced C.have been e
37、xperiencing D.will have experienced 4.I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ______ it.Was it you? A.has done B.had done C.would do D.will do 5.(2012山東濱州鄒平三模,6)— Why have you bought the bricks? — I ______ a kitchen. A.will build B.build C.a(chǎn)m building D.a(chǎn)m
38、 going to build 6.—Why do you want to work for our company? —This is the job that I ______ for. A.looked B.a(chǎn)m to look C.had looked D.have been looking 7.“I'm more nervous right now than when I ______,” Jane said,as she saw the group of reporters waiting anxiously at the exit of th
39、e gym. A.had competed B.compete C.was competing D.have competed 8.The novel written by the author ______ best,but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he ______ in the literary world. A.selling;was playing B.sells;was to play C.sold;had played D.sells;is
40、 playing 9.How tired you look!You ______ these weeks.I think you need a holiday before you burn out. A.had overworked B.overworked C.have been overworking D.were overworked 10.(2012山東淄博一模,26) Both China and the United States ______ from their growing business ties over the past four deca
41、des. A.had benefited B.benefit C.benefited D.have benefited 11.—Happy birthday,Ken!Did you invite Jason? —Yes,but he ______ a meeting in New York.Otherwise he wouldn't be absent from my birthday party. A.is attending B.has attended C.was attending D.a(chǎn)ttended 12.(2012山東濱州
42、鄒平五模,9) During the summer holiday,I visited a beautiful place,which ______ Liugongdao and had a good time. A.was called B.had been called C.is called D.has been called 13.(2012山東濟(jì)寧汶上一中月考,30) I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well. A.have told;washes
43、 B.was told;washed C.have been told;washes D.have been told;is washed 14.You've failed to do what you ______ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. A.will expect B.will be expected C.expected D.were expected 15.(2012山東萊州一中二模,22)—When will the expert come to give the lect
44、ure on intellectual property? — Not until our program ______ by the authorities. A.a(chǎn)pproves B.has been approved C.will have been approved D.will be approved 參考答案 六、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 命題調(diào)研·明晰考向 真題試做 1.C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:杰克發(fā)送了一些電子郵件后,開(kāi)始忙自己的工作項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間先后和前句中的after判斷,start的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是在had sent之后,had sent是“過(guò)去
45、之過(guò)去”的動(dòng)作,所以后面的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2.B 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)我上車(chē)時(shí),我意識(shí)到我把錢(qián)包丟在家里了。由前面“got on the bus”這一過(guò)去時(shí)可知,此處動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去的情況,結(jié)合從句中had left,且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān),可知此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 3.B 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:她很吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)冰箱里空空如也;孩子們?cè)绨阉袞|西都吃光了。由前面was surprised可知,此處動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,且已經(jīng)完成,因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故B項(xiàng)正確。 4.D 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“迄今為止,這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃已救助了成千上萬(wàn)的孩子,要是沒(méi)有這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,這些孩子早已死掉了”。需注意的是
46、:who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)的是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,而主句中表述的是事實(shí),不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由題干中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)up to now可知,要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故D項(xiàng)正確。 創(chuàng)新模擬·預(yù)測(cè)演練 1.C 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at this time next year表示“明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候”,所以應(yīng)選將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意:我相信,明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候,我就會(huì)在一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)了。 2.B 根據(jù)對(duì)話時(shí)間判斷,“我的朋友向我介紹了一個(gè)正確的地方”應(yīng)該是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的行為。 3.D 由于談?wù)摰氖墙衲晗奶斓氖虑?,所以?yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),可排除B、C兩項(xiàng);A項(xiàng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),應(yīng)排除;答案為D項(xiàng),將來(lái)完
47、成時(shí)表示到那時(shí)為止所做的事情。 4.B 句意:“我剛要打算去修剪玫瑰叢,但是卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有人早就剪了。是你剪的嗎?”由句意可知,do這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在was going to cut之前,所以do這個(gè)動(dòng)作表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,故要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),只有B項(xiàng)正確。 5.D 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷,建造廚房是現(xiàn)在打算將來(lái)要做的事情,所以用be going to結(jié)構(gòu)表示計(jì)劃或打算。 6.D 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推測(cè)這很可能是工作面試時(shí)的對(duì)話,根據(jù)對(duì)話的時(shí)態(tài)判斷應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表示“到現(xiàn)在為止一直在做某事”。答語(yǔ)句意為“這是我一直在找的工作”。 7.C 空前的when表示的是過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間,所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示“當(dāng)我在比賽
48、的時(shí)候”。 8.B but之前為一個(gè)并列的分句,所以應(yīng)選謂語(yǔ)形式,排除A項(xiàng),sell best意為“最暢銷(xiāo)”;but后面的分句有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間,可排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。答案為B項(xiàng),第一個(gè)空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況;第二個(gè)空用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過(guò)去人們沒(méi)有想到將會(huì)如此。 9.C these weeks表示“這幾周來(lái)”,指到目前為止的一段時(shí)間,所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一直在超負(fù)荷工作。 10.D 由over the past four decades可知該題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 11.A 根據(jù)Happy birthday,Ken!判斷,現(xiàn)在正好是肯的生日,而詹森不能前來(lái),說(shuō)明他正在參加會(huì)議,所以選現(xiàn)
49、在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 12.C 這個(gè)美麗的地方現(xiàn)在仍然叫做劉公島,陳述事實(shí),所以該題應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 13.C 根據(jù)句意判斷I與tell為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,可排除A項(xiàng);wash well意為“易洗”,wash不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且說(shuō)明的是一般情況,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 14.D 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系判斷you與expect為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示“你被期望”,排除A、C兩項(xiàng);再根據(jù)時(shí)間推理,你沒(méi)有做的是“老師以前期望的”,而不是“將來(lái)期望的”,所以答案為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 15.B until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)不能使用將來(lái)時(shí),可排除C、D兩項(xiàng);program與approve為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示“直到我們的計(jì)劃得到主管部門(mén)批準(zhǔn)”。
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