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車輛與動力工程學院畢業(yè)設計說明書
3噸柴油動力貨車設計(傳動
軸、離合器及操縱機構設計)
摘 要
本文介紹了近年來發(fā)展的新型拉式膜片彈簧離合器的結構特點和工作原理,并與傳統(tǒng)的推式膜片彈簧離合器進行了對比。在相同的約束條件下,優(yōu)化后的拉式膜片彈簧,無論是在后備系數(shù)的穩(wěn)定性、膜片的最大當量應力方面,還是在分離力的大小方面,均優(yōu)于推式膜片彈簧。然后,對于拉式膜片彈簧的載荷-變形特性和應力-變形特性作了詳細分析。在分析的基礎上,闡述了拉式膜片彈簧基本參數(shù)的選擇和設計。由于拉式膜片彈簧離合器具有許多優(yōu)點,故拉式膜片彈簧離合器是一種很有發(fā)展前途的汽車離合器。
本設計通過對傳動軸的傳動類型分析,結合所設計車的特點以及市場趨勢等因素,對傳動方式和傳動軸進行了選型;通過對傳動軸的類型與結構分析,選擇傳動軸的十字軸滾針軸承的密封形式為蓋板式密封,并在其密封部位采用橡膠骨架油封和氈圈油封相結合的密封形式,以適應農村地區(qū)的惡略路況;通過對萬向節(jié)的十字軸、滾針軸承、萬向節(jié)差的設計計算,確定了所設計車輛使用的這些部件的具體尺寸;通過對傳動軸的臨界轉速和計算載荷的確定,用待定系數(shù)法確定了傳動軸的花鍵軸和軸管的尺寸,并校核了其扭轉強度和臨界轉速,確定了合適的安全系數(shù)。鑒于矩形花鍵的一系列優(yōu)點和國內的生產(chǎn)加工水平,傳動軸花鍵采用了矩形花鍵。
關鍵詞:離合器,膜片彈簧式, 傳動軸, 十字軸
6 TON DIESEL POWER VAN DESIGN (TRANSMISSION SHAFT、CLUTCH AND CONTROLLING ORGANIZATION DESIGN)
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the constructional features and principles of operation of recently developed new style pull-type diaphragm spring clutch are described in contrast with the traditional push-type diaphragm spring clutch.In the same dimension,pull-type diaphragm spring by optimum design is better than push-type,in respect of stability of reservation coefficient maximum equivalent stress of diaphragm and magnitude of declutching force.Then,the load-deflection characteristics and stress-deflection characteristics of pull-type diaphram spring are analysed in detail.Base on these analyses,the selection of main parameters and design of this spring are discussed.The pull-type diaphragm spring clutch possesses many advantages,therefore pull-type diaphram spring clutch is a very prospective motor vehicle clutch.
The thesis introduced power transmission shaft used on transporting. According to the features of the vans and the characters of the road in rural areas ,we chose the simply made open style power transmission shaft .For vans , its cost and convenience for reparation and adaptability rather than its comfort ability and science ratio are concerned .So during the design we did not pay too much attention to the popular which is often advanced technology of the filed .On the contrary ,we just made some necessary improvement to the using form .For example ,we use involutes serration instead of rectangle serration ,so the durability of the spine will be much upgraded while its cost still low because nowadays its not more difficult to machine involutes serration than rectangle serration .To up the durability of the shaft ,we paid much attention to the seal form of the unit .We used rubber bone seal together with felt washer .
KEY WORD:clutch, pull-mebrane-spring type, transmission shaft, cross axle
符 號 說 明
物理量
代號
單位
物理量
代號
單位
摩擦片外徑
D
mm
發(fā)動機最大功率時轉速
n
r/min
摩擦片最大圓周速度
V
m/s
離合器后備系數(shù)
單位壓力
靜摩擦力矩
N.m
摩擦面間的靜摩擦因數(shù)
f
壓盤施加在摩擦面上的工作壓力
F
N
摩擦面數(shù)
Z
摩擦片的平均摩擦半徑
mm
單位摩擦面積滑磨功
w
汽車總質量
Kg
輪胎滾動半徑
m
主減速器傳動比
軸的扭轉切應力
軸的抗扭截面系數(shù)
發(fā)動機最大轉矩
N.m
物理量
代號
單位
物理量
代號
單位
傳動軸計算載荷
變速器一擋傳動比
計算驅動橋數(shù)
n
萬向傳動的計算轉矩
N.m
萬向傳動的最大夾角
十字軸軸頸根部彎曲應力
滾針工作長度
mm
材料的彈性模量
E
臨界轉速
r/mi
安全系數(shù)
K
動載系數(shù)
傳動花鍵軸的扭轉切應力
齒側擠壓應力
變速器一擋傳動比
目 錄
第一章 前言........................................1
第二章 離合器概述......................................2
§2.1離合器設計要求..............................2
§2.2 離合器的工作原理.............................3
§2.3 離合器功用及分類.............................3
§2.4 離合器結構方案分析...........................4
第三章 離合器設計計算..............................7
§3.1離合器參數(shù)的選擇...........................7
§3.2 從動盤總成................................11
§3.3 壓盤和離合器蓋計算.............................12
§3.4 拉式膜片彈簧計算...............................14
§3.5 膜片彈簧的優(yōu)化設計............................15
§3.6扭轉減震器計算.................................19
§3.7 離合器操縱機構設計.............................20
第四章 傳動軸設計計算..................................22
§4.1萬向傳動的計算載荷...........................22
§4.2 十字軸設計計算.................................23
§4.3 十字軸滾針軸承的計算...........................24 §4.4 萬向節(jié)叉的設計計算.............................25
§4.5 傳動軸臨界轉速計算............................27
§4.6 軸管強度計算...................................29 §4.7 傳動軸花鍵軸的計算.............................30
第五章 結論...........................................32
參考文獻...............................................33
致謝...................................................34
IV