高一英語(yǔ)必修三Unit3語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句

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1、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句 五個(gè)基本句型 1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)： e.g. Henry is a businessman. 2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We arrive. 3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：e.g. Henry received a million pound bank note. 4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g. Oliver gave Henry a letter. 5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Henry found himself carried out by the strong wind.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型

2、擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。 Related Conception (相 關(guān) 概 念 )1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。1.Henry is a businessman.主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)2.Henry, a businessman ,received a million pound bank note.主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 名詞性從句 主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句在句中做- 賓語(yǔ)從句在句中做-表語(yǔ)從句在句中做- 同位語(yǔ)從句在句中-主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) What made Henry puzzled was unk

3、nown. 主語(yǔ)從句 The two brothers think that its very funny. 賓語(yǔ)從句 The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which. 表語(yǔ)從句 Henry, who was a businessman ,received a million pound bank note.同位語(yǔ)從句 What makes me admire her most is that she always believes that shes the best athlete in th

4、e world. 賓語(yǔ)從句 （The Object Clause）賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起_作用，可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句必須用_語(yǔ)序。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞有that，if，whether；連接代詞有who,whom,which,whose等；連接副詞有when，where，how， why等。賓語(yǔ)陳述 一.that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1. Oliver believes (that) a man could survive a month in London.2. Im afraid (that) I dont quite follow you,sir.3. I dont thin

5、k (that) its very funny.4. My uncle said that he would come and that he would also bring his son.5.We all agree (that) it would be convient to go there by bus. 1.歸納總結(jié)：that 在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常只有第一個(gè)從句的that可以省略，其余從句的that一般不能省略。 2.歸納總結(jié)： 否定轉(zhuǎn)移:第一人稱 I, we 與動(dòng)詞 think, conside

6、r, suppose猜想, believe, expect, guess, imagine等連用, 其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義, 一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上, 從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。 1. 她堅(jiān)持要把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。 She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.2. 他命令關(guān)閉所有的大門。 He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.3. 我建議他應(yīng)該更努力學(xué)習(xí)。 I suggested that he (should) study harder. 4. 老師

7、要求我們和睦相處。 The teacher requests that we (should) get along well with each other. 3.總結(jié)歸納： 在一些表示堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求等意義的動(dòng)詞后，that 賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)常用（should+）動(dòng)詞原形，表示虛擬。1.堅(jiān)持：insist2.命令：order, command3.建議：suggest, propose, advise4.要求：desire, demand, require, request We think it necessary that everyone should form a good hab

8、it .動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞+that從句，it 為形式賓語(yǔ)，that從句為真正的賓語(yǔ)。1. We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式賓語(yǔ) it )We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language. 4.歸納總結(jié)：it常可以放在動(dòng)詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)-that從句后置,特別是在

9、帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month. 我們聽說他下個(gè)月要結(jié)婚了。 我 不 知 道 他 來(lái) 不 來(lái) 。我 想 知 道 他 來(lái) 還 是 不 來(lái) 。你 們 是 在 談 論 著 他 來(lái) 還 是 不 來(lái) 嗎 ？I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?1.I wonder if youd mind us asking a

10、 few questions.二 、 whether/if 引 導(dǎo) 的 賓 語(yǔ) 從 句5.歸 納 總 結(jié) ：在 賓 語(yǔ) 從 句 中 ， 表 示 “ 是 否 ” 既 可 以 用whether,也 可 以 用 if.但 是 ， whether常 與 or not連 用 ； 作 介 詞 賓 語(yǔ) 只 用 whether. 1. Henry Adams does not know what he should do. (what在從句中作賓語(yǔ))2.Do you know who will be sent to work there?（who在從句中作主語(yǔ)）3.Can you find out whose

11、 wallet it is?(whose在從句中作定語(yǔ))4.Have you decided where you should have your holidays?（where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）5.She always think of how she can do more for the class.（how在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)）6.Can I speak whoever is here?(作主語(yǔ))7.Henry didnt give us any reason about why she had been late for the meeting.(作原因狀語(yǔ)) 6.歸納總結(jié)：連接代詞

12、及連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，連接詞都在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。 1.She asked Tom_was the matter with his car.2.Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy?3.This depends on _the money we have is enough.4. Her wish is _she could lose weight soon.5. Could you tell me _ Marry lives?whatwherewhetherthathow牛刀小試： 1. The shocking news mad

13、e me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011)A. what B. how C. that D. why 2. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)A. that B. which C. what D. where3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. (山東2010)A. wh

14、y B. what C. how D. which 4. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (湖南2010)A. where B. whether C. that D. why 5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川2010)A. what B. wh

15、o C. how D. why summary一. that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 1.that省略情況 2.否定前移 3.that賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 4.that從句中it 作形式賓語(yǔ)二.whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句三、其他連接詞連接的賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)主要有：引導(dǎo)詞，時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)序 1. that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 that 僅起連接作用，無(wú)意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱作表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句

16、 2. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 連接詞whether起連接作用， 意為“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句) 在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time. 3.what, which, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，且各有各的詞義。The Predicative Clause e.g. Tom is no longer what he use

17、d to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list. 4. where, when, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 連接副詞where, when, why, how除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。The Predicative Clause e.

18、g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding. 5. 其他連詞as if, because, as though 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞

19、look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。The Predicative Clause 名詞主語(yǔ)+be+that引起的表語(yǔ)從句在這種句型中，常用表示事實(shí)，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，觀點(diǎn)的名詞，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主語(yǔ)。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed a

20、gainst her husband. 注 意 ：1.在表語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否” 時(shí)，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。2.一般情況下，“that”不能省。3. It is /was because . It is /was why . 3. The reason (why /for )is /was that .4 The reason is because /whythat . 1 . G o a n d g e t y o u r coat.Its_you left it. A.there B.where C.there were D.where there Exercises 2

21、.The problem is_ he has enough time. A.if B. whether C./ D. that 3.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which 4.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what 5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.

22、whichever D.wherever 高 考 鏈 接1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited A解析： 這是由what 引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興奮的事。故答案為A。 2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air

23、show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析:這是一個(gè)由why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,表示原因.這句話的意思是這就是你離開的原因嗎?。故答案為A。A 3. Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why 解析: what在表語(yǔ)從句中作takes的賓語(yǔ),構(gòu)成It takes sth

24、. to do sth.的句型。答案為A。A 4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 解析:這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,wants后面缺少賓語(yǔ),always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句諺語(yǔ),意思是永遠(yuǎn)給予他人他確實(shí)想要的東西。故答案為A。A 1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. why4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when