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1、主謂一致主謂一致就是指主語和謂語動詞在人稱、數(shù)等方面保持一致。主要包括三大原則，即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。注意： 1. 結合時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 2. 名詞關注復數(shù)形式；動詞關注一般時態(tài)下的單數(shù)形式。 3. 既要關注主語的形式，還要關注主語的意義！ 4. 關注倒裝句：There is a pen. Here comes a bus. 1意義一致原則意義一致原則指謂語動詞采用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)形式要取決于主語所表達的是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)概念或意義，而不是取決于主語形式上的語法標記。例如： Ten years is a long period to him. People are talking a
2、bout the news. More than two hundred students have attended the lecture. 一、并列主語的主謂一致： 1兩個單數(shù)名詞用and連接，表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 2兩個單數(shù)名詞用and連接，表示同一個人或同一件物或同一個概念時，或表示不可分開的整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： The singer and dancer is going to attend our evening party. The singer and th
3、e dancer are close friends. 一、并列主語的主謂一致： 3. 由and 連接的從句結構做主語時，要根據(jù)意義一致原則決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。既表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。表示同一個概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 What he says and does do not agree. When and where we should go on holiday has not been decided yet. 1.如果主語是不定式，動詞-ing形式或主語從句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。溫馨提示Collecting stamps gives me pleasure.To col
4、lect stamps gives me pleasure.集郵帶給我樂趣。 二、某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致 1有些集體名詞如：crowd，family，team，orchestra(管弦樂隊)，group，government，committee，class，school，union，firm，staff，public等，它們作主語時，如果強調整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果強調個體，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如： His family is a big family.他家是個大家庭。 His family are very well.他的家人都很健康。 The public is/are re
5、quested not to leave litter in the park.公眾不準在公園扔垃圾。 二、某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致 2. 有些名詞形式上是復數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)。如：news，means，works還有許多以ics結尾的學科名稱，如：economics，physics，mechanics，politics等，還有國名，書名等，如The Times,它們作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Politics is a complicated business. Here is the news. 3. trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, g
6、lasses 等作主語時，謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。（注意：單復數(shù)同形，如fish，sheep，Chinese，Japanese等，謂語動詞單復數(shù)根據(jù)句意決定） 二、某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致 4. 由“theadj.”結構作主語表示某一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；如果表示某個人時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： The old are taken good care of in our society. The wounded was taken to a hospital at once. 三、數(shù)詞和量詞作主語時的主謂一致 1表示時間，重量、距離、價值等名詞的復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。例如：
7、Twenty miles is a long way to walk. Ten years is a long period to him. 2語法一致原則語法一致是指謂語動詞要和它的主語在語法形式上保持一致，即主語單數(shù)，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式；主語復數(shù)，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。例如： China is a big country with a long history. These books are all Wei Fens. 一、并列主語的主謂一致： 1.用and連接的單數(shù)主語，前面有限定詞each，every，many a，no等修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，后一個限定詞可省略。例如： E
8、ach pen and (each )book is found in its place. Every boy and (every) girl is treated in the same way. Many a boy and (many a) girl has seen it.注意：前面有限定詞each，every，many a，no，more than one等修飾的主語，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)！ Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. More than one student has passed the exam. (單數(shù)形式表復數(shù)
9、概念：許多) 二、某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致 1不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這類不定代詞有either，neither，each，one，the other，another，somebody，someone，something，anyone，anything，anybody，everyone，everything，everybody，no one，nothing，nobody等。例如： Neither likes the friends of the other.兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter.我們周圍的所有東西都是物質。注意：
10、neither of與either of的結構里，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復數(shù)形式，一般用單數(shù)形式。 二、某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致 2. 由all of，most of，a lot of，some of，none of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of 等名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式應與名詞的單復數(shù)一致。即謂語動詞單復數(shù)由of后面的名詞決定。 Plenty of the pictures have been collected. Some agree with Tom，but the rest of us agree with Sam. Th
11、e majority of fresh water is in Canada. 三、數(shù)詞和量詞作主語時的主謂一致 3. “分數(shù)或百分數(shù)of名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單、復數(shù)形式。即謂語動詞單復數(shù)由of后面的名詞決定。例如： Over 50% of the land has been covered with forest. Twothirds of the students in our class are fond of English. 3就近一致原則就近一致原則指謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它最靠近的主語的數(shù)保持一致。例如： Not only the teach
12、er but also the students like playing football. There is an apple，a pear，and some grapes on the table. 一、并列主語的主謂一致 1.由連詞or，neither.nor，either.nor，not only.but also等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式按就近一致的原則，與貼近謂語動詞的主語一致。關注: there be 句型！be的形式與最近的一個名詞（短語）保持一致。例如：He or you have taken my pen. Either you or he is not te
13、lling the truth. Not only his parents but also he has been to Europe. There is a pen and several books. 一、并列主語的主謂一致 2. 單數(shù)名詞as well as，with，along with，like，together with，rather than，except，but，including，accompanied by，plus，besides，in addition to，no less than 等后跟名詞做主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。即由第一個名詞單復數(shù)決定謂語動詞單復數(shù)。例如： My mother，as well as my father，has a key to the office. The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.
主謂一致 (4)
