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1、中考英語復習資料：動詞考點集匯、講解和訓練試題【考點直擊】1.動詞的八種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；2.動詞被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；3.非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成及用法；4.近義動詞的用法區(qū)別?！久麕燑c睛】1.動詞的時態(tài)英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài)，其中常用的有 8 種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法1)經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：every,sometimes,at,on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)客觀真理，客
2、觀存在，科學事實。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。I dont want so much.5)某些動詞如 come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start 等，在一
3、般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。The train comes at 3 oclock.6)在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Ill help you as soon as you have problem.Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.（2）一般過去時的用法：表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。I wor
4、ked in that factory last year.【注意】1)過去經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作，也可用 used to 或 would 加動詞原形來表達，例如：I used to go fishing on Sundays.2)“used to”也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。例如：This river used to be clean.（3）一般將來時的用法1）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.2）表示將來反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturday
5、s.3）表示將來的意愿，決心，許諾，命令等時常用 will，征求對方意見，主語是第一人稱時，常用 shall。I will do my best to catch up with them.Shall I open the door?4）be+going+動詞不定式。也是一種將來時句型，表示打算，計劃，最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈?。I am going to Beijing next week.5）be+動詞不定式。表示有職責，義務，可能，約定，意圖等。There is to be a meeting this afternoon.We are to meet the guests at the st
6、ation.6）be about+動詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。They are about to leave.（4）現(xiàn)在進行時的用法 1)現(xiàn)在進行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進行的動作，它注重現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，而不管動作從什么時間開始，到什么時間結(jié)束。What are you doing now?I am looking for my key.2)現(xiàn)在進行時表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作（但說話時這個動作不一定在進行）。The students are preparing for the examination.3)某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作，這些動詞有 ar
7、rive,come,leave,start 等。They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.【注意】有些動詞一般不可以用于進行時態(tài)表示狀態(tài)的動詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動詞，如：be,have表示認識、知覺和情感的動詞，如：know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer 等。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作。I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.They have cleaned the classroom.2)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有
8、可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時常與 for 和 since 引導的短語或從句連用。We have lived here since 1976.They have waited for more than two hours.【注意】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響；一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。試比較：I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）I have seen this film.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已
9、經(jīng)知道了。）（6）過去進行時的用法 表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。例如：I was watching TV when she came to see me.【注意】過去進行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情，但過去進行時側(cè)重表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進行，而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實，例如：They were building a house last month.（上個月正在建造，建造好與否不知）They built a new house last month.（上個月建造好了，動作已經(jīng)完成）（7）過去完成時的用法 過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作
10、之前完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，過去完成時常和 by,before 等詞組成的短語和從句連用。We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.When we arrived at the station,they had waited for more than twenty minutes.（8）過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài)，過去將來時較多地被運用在賓語從句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting.I told him that I
11、 would see him off at the station.2.動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。（1）被動語態(tài)1)被動語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+及物動詞過去分詞 2)被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞因為被動句中的主語是動作的承受者，某些短語動詞如 look after,think of,take care of,work out,laugh at 等，也可用于被動語態(tài)。The children were taken good care of by her.【注意】短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態(tài)時不可遺漏。
12、3)主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語補足語是不帶 to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加to。此類動詞為感官動詞，如：feel,hear,help,listen to,look at,make,observe,see,notice,watch 等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom(by the teacher).4)主動形式表示被動意義 如 wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write
13、,sell等動詞雖然用做主動形式卻表示被動的意義。例如：The food tastes good.3.非謂語動詞對非謂語動詞的考點是：感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing 形式作賓語補足語的用法；一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶 to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶 to；有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞 ing 形式作賓語，但表達的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點。（1）非謂語動詞的形式非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語補足語Father will not allow us t
14、o play on the street.（3）不定式作目的狀語He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補足語都可以的動詞這樣的動詞有感官動詞如：see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel等，使役動詞如：have,make,leave,keep,get 等。接不定式表示動作的完整性，真實性；+doing 表示動作的連續(xù)性，進行性。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調(diào)我看見了這個事實)I saw him working in the
15、garden yesterday.（強調(diào)我見他正干活這個動作）昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（5）用不帶 to 不定式的情況使役動詞如：let,have,make 等和感官動詞如：see,watch,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作賓補，省略 to。在被動語態(tài)中則 to 不能省掉。（6）接動名詞與不定式意義不同1)stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。2)forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘記做過某事。(已做)3)remember to do 記得去做某事(未做)remember
16、 doing記得做過某事(已做)4)try to do努力，企圖做某事。try doing 試驗，試著做某事。5)go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。6)mean to do 打算、想mean doing意味著4.容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析(1)say,speak,talk,tell 的用法。1)say 表示講話，作為及物動詞使用，后跟賓語或賓語從句。He said he would go there.Its time to leave.We have to say goodbye to you.2)speak 表示“講話”，一般作為不及
17、物動詞使用，而有時作為及物動詞后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。Do you speak English?May I speak to Mr Pope,please?3)talk 表示“談話”，是不及物動詞，與 to,about,with 等連用，才可以接賓語。What are you talking about?Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.4)tell 表示“告訴，講述”是及物動詞，可以帶雙賓語或復合賓語。She told us an interesting story yesterday.My teacher tol
18、d me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2)look,see,watch 和 watch 的用法。1)look 強調(diào)“看”這個動作，是不及物動詞，常與 at 連用，然后接賓語。Look!The girl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully.Can you find something unusual?2)see 指“看見”某物，強調(diào)的是結(jié)果。They cant see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily ofte
19、n go to see a film on Sunday?3)watch 指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。The twins are watching TV now.He will go to watch a volleyball match.4）read 指“看書”、“看報”、“閱讀”之意。Dont read in the sun.I like to read newspapers when I am free.(3)borrow,lend 和 keep 的區(qū)別。1)borrow 意思為“借入”，常常與 from 連用，是非延續(xù)性動詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動作。Meimei borrowed a
20、 book from the library just now.May I borrow your dictionary?2)lend 是“借出”之意，常常與 to 連用，同 borrow 一樣，是非延續(xù)性動詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動作。Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio,please?3)keep 是“保存”的意思，動作可以延續(xù)。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4)bring,take
21、,carry 和 get 的用法。1)bring 意思為“拿來”、“帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來”。Bring me the book,please.May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?2)take 意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這里“帶來”或“拿到”某處之意。It looks like rain.Take a raincoat with you.Mother took the little girl to the next room.3)carry 是“帶著、搬運、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義，不表明來
22、去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?The box is heavy.Can you carry it?4)get 是去某處將某物拿回來。Please go to my office to get some chalk.There is no water in the bottle.Why not get some?(5)wear,put on 和 dress 的區(qū)別1)wear 是“穿著”“戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tom always wears black shoes.He wears a rai
23、ncoat even when it is fine.She doesnt like to wear a red flowers in her hair.2)put on 是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動作。Its cold.Youd better put on your coat.He put on his hat and went out of the room.3)dress 可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞，有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動詞用時，它的賓語是人，不是衣服。dress sb.（給某
24、人穿衣服），而 wear 作“穿著”用時，也是及物動詞，但它的賓語是物，不是人，即 wear sth.（穿著衣物）。She always dresses well.Get up and dress quickly.Mary is dressing her child.(6)take,spend 和 use 的用法。1)take 指做某事用多少時間，句型是：It takes/took/will take+sb.+some time+to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a while week to
25、 travel thought the forest.It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.2)spend 指某人在某事（物）上花費時間或錢。句型是：Someone spends+money/time+on something(in)doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.He didnt spend much time on his lessons.He spent much time(in)correcting students exercises.Mother spent her
26、 evenings(in)washing clothes.3)use 表示使用工具、手段等。Do you know how to use the computer?Shall we use your car?(7)reach,get 和 arrive 的區(qū)別。1)reach 是及物動詞，后面要直接跟表示地點的名詞作賓語。After the train had left,they reached the stationWe reached the top of the mountain at last.2)get 是不及動詞，常與 to 連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點的副詞時，不用 to，get
27、 to 常用于口語中。When the students got to the cinema,the film had begun.My sister was cooking when mother got home.3)arrive 是不及物動詞，表示到達一個小地方時，用 arrive at,到達一個大地方時用 arrive in。The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.【實例解析】1.(2004 年北京海淀區(qū)中考試題）Im interested in ani
28、mals,so I _ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A.pay B.get C.take D.spend 答案：D。該題考查的是 pay,get,take spend 這四個動詞的用法區(qū)別。在這四個動詞中，只有 spend 常用于“spend ding sth.”的句型里，所以選 D。2.(2004 年安徽省中考試題)-Listen Helen is singing in the next room.-It _ be Helen.She has gone to Beijing.A.cant B.mustnt C.may D.shou
29、ld 答案：A。該題考查的是情態(tài)動詞的用法。表示否定地推測通常用 cant。3.(2004 年江西省南昌市中考試題)-I called you yesterday evening,but there was no answer.-Oh,I am sorry I _ dinner at my friends house.A.have B.had C.was having D.have had 答案：C。該題考查的是動詞的時態(tài)。他們談論的是昨天晚上某一時刻發(fā)生的事情，所以用過去進行時。4.(2004 年哈爾濱市中考試題)-How long have you _ the moteobike?-For
30、 about two weeks.A.bought B.had C.borrowed D.lent 答案：B。該題考查的是延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的用法區(qū)別。這四個動詞中只有 had 是延續(xù)性動詞，它的現(xiàn)在完成時可以同表示一段時間的時間狀語連用?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項填空1.Listen!Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter.Lets join them.A.are talking B.talk C.will talk D.talked2.Our teacher,Miss Chen,_English on the radio the day bore ye
31、sterday.A.teaches B.taught C.will teach D.had taught3.I dont think I _ you in that dress before.A.have seen B.was seeing C.saw D.see4.Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It _ be very expensive.A.must B.can C.mustnt D.cant5.Coffee is ready.How nice it _!Would you like some?A
32、.looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels6.“Mr.Zhu,youd better _ too much meat.You are already over weight,”said the doctor.A.not to eat B.to eat C.not eat D.eat7.“Dont always make Michael _ this or that.He is already a big boy,dear,”Mr.Bush said to his wife.A.do B.to do C.does D.did8.Sorry,I cant hear you c
33、learly.Will you please _ your E-mail address?Ill write it down.A.review B.recite C.report D.repeat9.Dont _ your coat,Tom!Its easy to catch cold in spring.A.take away B.take off C.take down D.take out10.You _ go and ask Meimei.She _ know the answer.A.must;can B.must;may C.need;can D.can;may11.Im sorr
34、y youve missed the train.It _ 10 minutes ago.A.left B.has left C.had left D.has been left12.I bought a new dictionary and it _ me 30 yuan.A.paid B.spent C.took D.cost13.-Mum,may I go out and play basketball?-_ you _ your homework yet?A.Do;finish B.Are;finishing C.Did;finishing D.Have;finished14.I ha
35、ve to go now.Please remember to _ the lights when you leave.A.turn off B.turn down C.turn up D.turn on15.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school next week.A.be given B.has been given C.will be given D.will give16.Look!How heavy the rain is!Youd better _.A.dont go now B.stay here when it stops C.no
36、t leave until it stops D.not to leave at once17.You may go fishing if your work _.A.is done B.will be done C.has done D.have done18.Cotton _ nice and soft.A.is felt B.is feeling C.feel D.feels19.-Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday,Dick?-John _.A.cleaned B.does C.did D.is20.-Linda had nothing for b
37、reakfast this morning,_?-No.She got up too late.A.had she B.hadnt she C.did she D.didnt she二.閱讀短文，并用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。A My name is Wang Bing.Im from China.Now I _1_(study)at this school.I _2_(arrive)here on January 8.Since then,I _3_(make)a lot of friends.At school we speak English all the time.Next we
38、ek,some new students from Africa,Asia and Latin America _4_(come)to our school.Im very glad to know this because I enjoy _5_(meet)people from other countries.1.study/am studying 2.arrived 3.have made 4.will come 5.meeting B Since 1946,one of the most important inventions has been the computer.It has
39、 been changing all our lives.The first computer _1_(build)in 1946.It _2_(be)as large as a room and very difficult and slow _3_(use).But since the invention of silicon“chip”（硅片），computers _4_(become)smaller,easier and faster to operate.Some computers _5_(be)as small as TV sets.Some can even _6_(make)
40、smaller than a book.And computers _7_(get)smaller and smaller all the time.Who knows what the computers of tomorrow _8_(be)like?There _9_(be)several reasons why the computer is useful to us.First,a lot of information can _10_(put)into computer.Second,the computer works very quickly-thousands of time
41、s faster than a man and it will not be tired.Third,modern computers can be built into other kinds of machines,like radios,cars and planes.So today people can spend less time doing more work with a computer.三.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.No matter what the weather is like,you can always find surfers out _(ride)the
42、waves.2.-What do you use the key for?-It is _(use)for making the robot work.3.No news _(be)good news.Im sure Jane is still all right.4.-Are you feeling better these days?-Yes,much better.I _ as well as these days for a long time.5.It _(rain)heavily,youd better not go out now.6.The city of Xian _(bec
43、ome)cleaner and cleaner.7.The boys enjoy _(see)fight films very much.8.He left the room without _(say)goodbye.9.Rice _(grow)in the south of China.10.Many trees _(plant)in our school yard these years.四.用方框中所給的動詞或動詞詞組的適當形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通順，每個動詞或動詞詞組只能用一次Allow,fall,not be,phone,receive,show,send for,pay f
44、or,be used for,turn it off,keep on 1.Its rather hot today,but the weather report says the temperature _ to 28C tomorrow.2.“Remember,nobody _ to eat or drink in the computer room,”the assistant said to the new students.3.Hi,Mike!I _ your invitation.Thank you very much.Ill come on time.4.This time yes
45、terday I _ the foreigners around the ancient church.5.My uncle phoned the booking office of the airline,and he was told there _ any flights to Singapore in the following three days because of the bad weather.6.Dont lose heart and _ trying.7.Dont watch TV.Its too late.Please _ and go to bed right now
46、.8.Computers are useful.They can _ sending E-mail.9.If youve lost this book,you have to _ it.10.Both of his feet were hurt in the accident._ a doctor,please.【練習答案】一.1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.C二.1.was built 2.was 3.to use 4.have become 5.are 6.be made 7.are getting 8.will be 9.are 10.be put三.1.riding 2.used 3.is 4.have not felt 5.is raining 6.is becoming 7.seeing 8.sayig 9.is grown 10.have been planted四.1.will fall 2.is allowed 3.have received 4.was showing 5.would not be 6.keep on 7.turn it off 8.be used for 9.pay for 10.Send for
中考英語復習資料：動詞考點集匯、講解和訓練試題
