外研版七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)

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1、語法知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1. 詞類：物主代詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can和方位介詞短語 2. 時(shí)態(tài)：一般將來時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài) 3. 句型：特殊疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句和選擇疑問句 下冊(cè)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理 詞類 1) 物主代詞：表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞（…屬于誰的） 人稱 單 數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù) 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 形容性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 第一人稱 my mine our ours 第二人稱 your yours your yours 第三人稱 his his their Theirs her her

2、s its its 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系： 形容詞性物主代詞：必須和名詞在一起。My father, your teacher... 物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞:相當(dāng)于與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。 This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt. 練習(xí) （1）選擇題。 （ ）1. Look at . A. him B. he C. his （ ）2. I drive to the park e

3、very day. A. they B. their C. them （ ）3. classroom is big. A. we B. us C. Our （ ）4. I love . A. she B. her C. hers （ ）5. Do you know ? A. I B. my C. me （ ）6. I am son. A. they B. their C. them （ ）7. This is not _____ desk.. My desk is over there. A. I B. my C

4、. me （ ）8. －Can you spell _____ name, Harry? －Sorry. A. you B. your C. yours （ ）9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room. A. they B. them C. their （ ）10. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice. A. our B. my C. ours （ ）11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. I’m ____

5、_ student. A. he B. his C. him （ ）12. That’s a cat. _____ name is Mimi. A. It B. It’s C. Its （2）用括號(hào)里的代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1, Mr Yang is _______(we) teacher.________(him) is from Beijing. _______(his) teaches______(our) English. 2, Look,there is a cat._______(they) is Lilys.____(it) name is

6、Mimi. 3, Let______(I) tell ______(she) about_____(he) life at school. 4, This is ______(they) room.Where is _____(our)? 5, Dont use the eraser.______ is ______(me). 6, The lady under the tree is ______(me) aunt._____(her) often sings with _____(she) husband 2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 1.含義：表達(dá)人或物的能力，能或會(huì)… 2

7、.特點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，之后要加動(dòng)詞原形。 3.否定形式：cannot(正式用法)＝can’t(口語) 4.句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句： 主語 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can swim well. 否定句： 主語 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can not swim well. 一般疑問句： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 + ？ Can she / th

8、ey swim well? Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can’t. 特殊疑問句： 疑問詞 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 + ? Why can she / they swim well? Who can swim well? 練習(xí)： ( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building. A. must

9、 B. can’t C. shouldnt ( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should ( )3) --- you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t. A. Can B. Can’t C. Should 4.I can run fast. I ________ ________ fast. (否定句) 5. He

10、 can play basketball well. （一般疑問句） _______ he ______ basketball well? 3) 介詞 over behind/at the back of 在...后面 正上方 on on the right of... 在右邊 on the

11、left of... 在左邊 next to/near 在……附近，緊挨著 in the front of 在……里面的前面 under ...在...正下方 in front of...在...前面

12、 between ...and ...在兩者之間 Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之間 among 在三者或三者以上之間 Miss Li is among lots of students. 李老師在許多同學(xué)之間 注意：介詞短語常和be動(dòng)詞連用。 時(shí)態(tài) 1) 一般將來時(shí) 時(shí)間狀語：in+一段時(shí)間；tomorrow；in the future; ne

13、xt+時(shí)間；this+時(shí)間（表示將來時(shí)間的狀語） ﹙Ⅰ﹚ be（is,am.are） going to 的用法。 含義：計(jì)劃，打算做某事 將來時(shí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 一般將來時(shí) be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他. 否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他. 一般疑問句：be動(dòng)詞提前 Be +主語+going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主語+be. 否定回答：No，主語+be not. 注意：①表示計(jì)劃到某地去，謂語動(dòng)詞go與going重復(fù)，一般只說be going to +地

14、點(diǎn). ②come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行表將來。 Eg: I am going to London next year. She is going to check her email. Look! The bus is coming. ﹙Ⅱ﹚由shall和will引導(dǎo)的一般將來時(shí) 含義：將會(huì)… 特點(diǎn)：助動(dòng)詞shall和will沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，之后要加動(dòng)詞原形。 shall在一般將來時(shí)中，一般用于第一人稱之后。 例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我們將有一節(jié)英語課。 否定形式：sha

15、ll not＝shan′t will not＝won′t 將來時(shí)句型結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句：主語+shall/will+do 否定句：主語+shall/will+not+do（will not 可縮寫成won’t） 一般疑問句：shall/will+主語+ do 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ shall/will+主語+do 2) 一般過去時(shí) 1． 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2． 標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上個(gè)月）,

16、last year（去年）, two months ago（兩個(gè)月前）, the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。 3． 動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：V-ed 動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則： 1．一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3．末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加

17、-ed，如：study-studied 5．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式： 12 lose(丟失)----lost make(制造)----made mean(意思)----meant meet(見)----met pay(付)----paid say(說)----said sell(賣)----sold send(送)----sent sit(坐)----sat sleep(睡)----slept smell(嗅)----smelt spell(拼寫)----spel

18、t spend(度過)----spent stand(站)----stood teach(教)----taught tell(告訴)----told win(贏)----won think(想)----thought understand(理解)----understood begin(開始)----began blow(吹)----blew break(打破)----broke choose(選擇)----chose do(做)----did draw(畫)----drew drink(喝)----dra

19、nk drive(駕駛)----drove eat(吃)----ate fall(落下)----fell fly(飛)----flew forget(忘)----forgot give(給)----gave go(去)----went grow(成長)----grew know(知道)----knew lie(躺)----lay----lain ring(按鈴)----rang write(寫)----wrote ride(騎)----rode see(看見)----saw

20、 show(出示)----showed wake(弄醒)----woke sing(唱)----sang speak(講話)----spoke steal(偷)----stole wear(穿)----wore swim(泳)----swam take(拿)----took throw(扔)----threw become(成為)----became come(來)----came run(跑)----ran 4. 句式變化規(guī)則： Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化： （1）am 和is在一般

21、過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt） （2）are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent） （3）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子 否定句：didnt +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim went home yesterday. Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。 如：Jim went home yester

22、day. Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday? What did Jim do yesterday? 練習(xí)： 1、 填空 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with

23、my friends. 2. 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 4. I’ll g

24、o and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them. 5. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 2、 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.Tom _______

25、 (visit) a farm last week. 2. The twins _______ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 3. I _______ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday. 4. My father _______ (be) in London last year. 5. What_______ (do) you do three days ago? 6. _______ (be) there any parks here in 1950?

26、7. What_________(do) you do just now? I__________(wash) my clothes. 3、 改寫句子 1. We are all happy.(改成一般過去時(shí)) We _____ all happy. 2. I visit my grandparents every week. (用last week代替every week) _______________________________________________________ 3 There were some zebras in the zoo last

27、 year. (改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答) _______________________________________________________________ 四、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 3. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But

28、today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike. 4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 5. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? ——She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

29、 6. What ___________ (do) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. ——What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 9. I ________________ (p

30、lan) for my study now. 句型 1) 特殊疑問句。 含義：以特殊疑問詞開頭的疑問句。 特殊疑問詞總結(jié)： ① what 什么（職業(yè)，姓名等） what day 星期幾 What day is it today? what size 多大尺碼 What size are your shoes? what time =when 什么時(shí)間 what colour 什么顏色 what size 多大號(hào) ② when 什么時(shí)候 （就時(shí)間提問） where 什么地方（就地點(diǎn)提問） who 誰（問人的身份，姓名等） which

31、 哪一個(gè) why 為什么（就原因提問，常用because回答） how 怎么樣 how many多少（提問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量）How many books do you have ? 多少（提問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量）How much water is there in the glass? How much 多少錢（提問價(jià)格） How old 幾歲（提問年齡） 多長（提問長度）How long is this ruler? How long 這把尺子有多長？

32、 多長時(shí)間（時(shí)間持續(xù)多久）How long do you go to school ? 你去學(xué)校要多長時(shí)間？ How often 多久（提問頻率既單位時(shí)間發(fā)生多少次） How soon （還要多久時(shí)間才能開始或結(jié)束）How soon will he come back ? How far （提問距離有多遠(yuǎn)） 他多久才能回來？ How heavy （提問有多重） 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句 ？ Eg :Why do yo

33、u like watching TV ? 練習(xí)： 就劃線部分提問。 1．He often has lunch in the factory． 　　　　　　　　 he often 　　　　lunch？ 2．They will come back in a month． 　　　　　　　　will they come back？ 3．He hurt his leg last Sunday． 　　　　　　　　he hurt his leg ？ 4．I got up at six this morning ． 　　　　　　　　　　　　you 　　　　up this

34、morning ？ 5．They were drawing a horse when I came in． 　　　　　　　　they 　　　　when I came in ？ 6．I didnt go to school because I had a bad cold． 　　　　　　　　you go to school？ 7．Youd better take the No．3 bus． 　　　　bus 　　　　I better take？ 8．Hes feeling well． 　　　　　　　　he feeling ？ 9．The girl in a re

35、d coat is my sister． 　　　　　　　　is your sister？ 10．He comes to China once a year． 　　　　　　　　　　　　he 　　　　to China？ 11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (對(duì)括號(hào)部分提問) _________________________________________________? 12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改為特殊疑問句 ) _________________________

36、_________________________? 13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 對(duì)括號(hào)部分提問 ) __________________________________________________? 14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 對(duì)括號(hào)部分提問 ) _______ ________ can you dial to call the police 15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改為

37、特殊疑問句 ) _____ ______ Ted _____ in the desk? 16. The students ( went camping ) last week. (對(duì)括號(hào)部分提問) _________________________________________________? 17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (對(duì)括號(hào)部分提問) _____ _____ Diogenes ______ _______? 18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exe

38、rcise). (對(duì)括號(hào)部分提問) _______ _______ the way to _______ _______? 2) 祈使句 祈使句指的是表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，讀降調(diào)。 1. 肯定的祈使句 （1）動(dòng)詞原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請(qǐng)起立。 （2）Be + adj. Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 當(dāng)心！ （3）Lets + 動(dòng)詞原形 Let’s go to

39、 school together. 咱們一起上學(xué)去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句：有be動(dòng)詞直接加not,沒有加don’t 3) 感嘆句 由"what"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語 ！. What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子呀！ 由"how"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句： How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語 ！.

40、 How happy they look! 他們顯得多么高興呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ 練習(xí) 1. _______ fast the boy ran! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How, howB. What, what C. How, whatD. What, how 3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d lik

41、e some more. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an 4) 選擇疑問句 選擇疑問句是指提供兩種或多種情況供對(duì)方選擇的疑問句，選項(xiàng)之間要用連詞or連接。 注意：or連接的是兩種同類的事物，且回答不能用yes或no。 Are you a doctor or a teacher？ 你是醫(yī)生還是教師？ ——I’m a teacher. Which would you like， tea or coffee？ 你想要哪樣，是茶還是咖啡？ ——I’d like some tea.