南理工科技英語(yǔ) 課后習(xí)題答案

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1、第二節(jié) 科技、半科技英語(yǔ)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ) I. 1. D (自動(dòng)駕駛儀) 2. F (生物鐘) 3. I (熱核的) 4. G (地?zé)岬? 5. B (微波) 6. J (放射療法) 7. E (光周期) 8. A (超導(dǎo)體) 9. H (遠(yuǎn)距離操縱器) 10. C (超顯微/濾過(guò)性病毒) II. 1. 一位從事航空醫(yī)學(xué)研究的醫(yī)生 2. 防止計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪的措施 3. 一種新型除霜器 4. 一個(gè)用光電池驅(qū)動(dòng)的玩具 5. 一輛裝有自動(dòng)報(bào)警器的汽車 6. 隔音材料 7. 一種廣泛使用的殺蟲(chóng)劑（農(nóng)藥） 8. 用放射性碳做的試驗(yàn) 9. 電信業(yè)的發(fā)展 10. 一臺(tái)通用機(jī)床

2、 III. 1. in-(Inorganic) 2. radio- (radioactive) 3. hydro- (Hydrotherapy) 4. -free (caffeine-free) 5. infra- (infrared) / ultra- (ultrared) 6. mono- (monorail) 7. aero- (Aerodynamics) 8. -fold (33-fold) 9. geo- (geocentric) 10. -proof (weatherproof) 11. bio- (biotechnology)

3、 12. anti- (antibiotic) IV. 發(fā)電站 2. 礦物燃料 3. 太陽(yáng)黑子 4. 航天探測(cè)器 5. 滾珠軸承 6. 渦輪 7. 航天飛機(jī) 8. 樹(shù)木的年輪 9. 離心調(diào)速器 10. 心肌功能 V. 1. flow 2. laws 3. law 4. conserved 5. transferred 6. transformed 7. bond 8. thermodynamics 9. work 10. law 11. degraded 12. work 13. law 14. state 15.

4、 disorder 16. energy 17. law 18. biological 19. metabolically 20. cell VI. 1. 很明顯，許多家用電器的加熱和照明作用都依靠電阻。 2. 氣體如果不封閉在剛性的容器內(nèi)就會(huì)膨脹，受熱的氣球便可說(shuō)明這一現(xiàn)象。 3. 在化學(xué)變化中，粒子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化，生成新的物質(zhì)。 4. 19世紀(jì)，電力設(shè)備以及由此興起的工業(yè)得到迅速發(fā)展，而當(dāng)時(shí)人們對(duì)電的性質(zhì)還不完全了解。 5. 應(yīng)注意保證脈沖信號(hào)本身不出現(xiàn)不規(guī)則現(xiàn)象和中斷現(xiàn)象。 6. 可以有把握地說(shuō)，除了琥珀之外，許多其他物質(zhì)通過(guò)摩擦也能帶電。

5、第三節(jié) 科技英語(yǔ)中的復(fù)合詞與專有名詞 1. H (耐熱的，抗熱的，不傳熱的) 2. E (帶寬) 3. J (流線型的) 4. B (基巖) 5. G (耗電量大的) 6. A (太空行走) 7. I (用水制冷的) 8. D (液態(tài)的) 9. F (用防火材料保護(hù)的，阻燃的) 10. C (網(wǎng)絡(luò)) 第四節(jié) 科技英語(yǔ)中的復(fù)數(shù)形式與縮略語(yǔ) I. 1. bacteria 2. spectra / spectrums 3. radius 4. Fungi 5. nucleus 6. formula 7. phenomenon 8. Algae/

6、Algas 9. larvae /larvas 10. stratum II. 1. F (computer disc read-only memory) 2. J (ear, nose, and throat) 3. A (ribonucleic acid) 4. H (unidentified flying object) 5. C (microwave landing system) 6. B (video-display terminal) 7. I (personal computer) 8. E (ultraviolet) 9. G (compu

7、ter-aided manufacturing) 10. D (artificial intelligence) III. 1. 上述定理和定律不但對(duì)直流電路而言是正確的，對(duì)交流電路而言也同樣是正確的。 2. 美國(guó)通常的家用電壓是110-220伏，因?yàn)槿藗儼l(fā)現(xiàn)更高的電壓會(huì)造成致命的事故。 3. 4500型平版印刷機(jī)（人們給該機(jī)器取的名字）能過(guò)生產(chǎn)1英寸厚的18英寸彩色液晶顯示屏。 4. 該發(fā)生器每小時(shí)產(chǎn)生蒸汽20萬(wàn)磅。 電離層的結(jié)構(gòu)是變化的，這就意味著，高頻無(wú)線電通信的頻率極限也是變化的。 II 句子的翻譯 1. 假說(shuō)是科學(xué)家從觀察中得出的一種特定的論斷。 2. 大部

8、分錢(qián)是靠出售他培育出的一種馬鈴薯新品種的秘訣而掙得的。 3. 如果開(kāi)關(guān)接通，電流就流過(guò)線路。 4. 由于分子運(yùn)動(dòng)而引起的力能使分子分離。 5. 很顯然，數(shù)控是指機(jī)床采用數(shù)字來(lái)操縱。 6. 電流的變化與電動(dòng)勢(shì)成正比，與電阻成反比。 7. 無(wú)線電波與光波相似，只不過(guò)無(wú)線電波的波長(zhǎng)要長(zhǎng)一些。 8. 自動(dòng)化機(jī)器雖然有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但他們只能做人們吩咐它們要做的事情。 9. 這些新技術(shù)的采用為我們提供了可靠性高、性能良好、成本低廉、耗電量小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 10. 即便在同一施工場(chǎng)地，由于地基的性質(zhì)有很大差異，土地的承載力也不相同。 11. 不是每次碰撞都能發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樵S多分子不具有反

9、應(yīng)所需要的能量。 12. 絕緣體接上電源后，電不會(huì)像通過(guò)導(dǎo)體那樣通過(guò)絕緣體。 III 長(zhǎng)句的翻譯 1 正是由于集成電路的研制成功，才有可能把電子器件做得越來(lái)越小。 2 在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的工廠和車間里，用機(jī)器人來(lái)充當(dāng)助手越來(lái)越普及，它是經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)并制造出來(lái)的機(jī)器手，可以獨(dú)立從事各種工業(yè)活動(dòng)。 3 試圖利用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)復(fù)制人腦活動(dòng)方式的數(shù)學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使運(yùn)用最先進(jìn)的電子設(shè)備，他們也要建造一臺(tái)重1萬(wàn)公斤的計(jì)算機(jī)才行。 4 結(jié)果表明，在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)，全球平均氣溫都是相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的，可極小的溫度變化卻意味著環(huán)境的巨大改變。 5 但是，最近發(fā)表在科學(xué)雜志的一對(duì)研究報(bào)告并沒(méi)有驗(yàn)證生物燃料的這種作用。并且，

10、事實(shí)上，相對(duì)于要被取而代之的化石燃料來(lái)說(shuō)，生物燃料對(duì)氣候產(chǎn)生的危害是有過(guò)之而無(wú)不及。 6 盡管備受關(guān)注的是研發(fā)金屬，陶瓷，聚合物與復(fù)合材料材質(zhì)的改善， 但有能力生產(chǎn)，制造可以滿足特定需求的材料現(xiàn)在也在漸漸變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。 7 信息高速公路是一種電子通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這一網(wǎng)絡(luò)把所有的人互相聯(lián)系起來(lái)，并可提供任意一種人們想得到的電子通訊方式。 8 如果把管子裝成這個(gè)樣子，使最熱的水上升，而最冷的水流下來(lái)后返回鍋爐里去，那么，鍋爐中的熱水系統(tǒng)不用水泵就能循環(huán)，道理就在于此。 9 多種因素促使人們更加關(guān)注(垃圾的處理)/這種興趣的產(chǎn)生有很多因素，包括對(duì)垃圾越來(lái)越多，垃圾填埋場(chǎng)地越來(lái)越少，焚燒垃圾造成的空氣污

11、染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重的擔(dān)心；及對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的必要性已形成的共識(shí)等。 10 無(wú)論是用作轎車和公汽的能源，還是發(fā)電作其他的什么用途，燃料電池都是無(wú)需燃燒就可將氫轉(zhuǎn)化成電能。 11. 每個(gè)化學(xué)元素在周期表中都有一定的原子數(shù)和位置，可以據(jù)此來(lái)推測(cè)其特性：如何同別的元素相互作用，能形成什么樣的化合物，以及它的物理屬性。 12. 固體加熱到足夠溫度時(shí)，它所含的電子就會(huì)有一部分離開(kāi)固體表面而飛到周圍的空間中去；這種現(xiàn)象稱為熱電子放射；通常，電子管就利用這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生自由電子。 第四章 自動(dòng)化類英語(yǔ)閱讀文選 Text 1 I. 將下列短語(yǔ)譯為英文。 (1) data acquisition and

12、supervisory control (2) fast switching thyristor (FST) (3) current to voltage convertor (I/V) (4) automation of electric power systems (5) safety control switch (6) Silicon rectifier (7) feeder automation (FA) (8) Intelligent Power Module(IPM) (9) power system harmonics (10) voltage

13、transformer II. 將下列短語(yǔ)翻譯為中文。 (1) 電路測(cè)試技術(shù) (2) 電源控制系統(tǒng) (3) 電流互感器 (4) 配電管理系統(tǒng) (5) 可控硅開(kāi)關(guān) (6) 壓敏電阻器 (7) 壓控振蕩器 (8) 硅對(duì)稱開(kāi)關(guān) (9) 正序阻抗 (10) 電力電子電路 Text 2 I. 將下列短語(yǔ)譯為英文。 (1) luminous sensitivity / photosensitivity (2) critical fusion frequency (CFF) (3) gamma correction (4) parabolical mirror/ parabol

14、oidal mirror/ parabolic reflector (5) diffraction grating (6) paraxial ray trace equations (7) optical path difference (OPD) (8) visual sensitivity/ visual acuity (9) wavefront aberration (10) color saturation/ color gamut II. 將下列短語(yǔ)翻譯為中文。 (1) 有效焦距 (2) 色焦距變換 (3) 高斯求積 (

15、4) 軸向色[象]差/光軸色像差 (5) 對(duì)比靈敏度/對(duì)比敏感度/反差靈敏度 (6) 內(nèi)部反射/內(nèi)反射 (7) 曲率半徑 (8) 點(diǎn)分布函數(shù)/點(diǎn)擴(kuò)散函數(shù)/點(diǎn)散播函數(shù) (9) 衍射參數(shù) (10) 感光靈敏度/感光性 Text 3 I. 將下列短語(yǔ)譯為英文。 Logical Link Control（ LLC ） Media Access Control(MAC) Carrier synchronization Carrier Sense Multiple Access Pulse Width Modulation

16、communication subnet one-way communication parallel highway human-computer communication asynchronous transfer mode virtual LAN broadcast storm application specific integrated circuit II. 將下列短語(yǔ)翻譯為中文。 (1) 應(yīng)用層協(xié)議規(guī)范 (2) 脈沖寬度調(diào)制 (3) 數(shù)字識(shí)別 (4) 光通信系統(tǒng) (5) 同相檢

17、波器 (6) 諧波[調(diào)和]分析 (7) 數(shù)據(jù)綜合處理 (8) 轉(zhuǎn)碼誤差 (9) 特性曲線 (10) 通信終端 Text 4 I. 將下列短語(yǔ)譯為英文。 output matrix lag compensation modem amplitude modulation control systems with dissipation information system for process control waveform factor industrial au

18、tomation computer aided analysis sampling control pattern recognition asynchronous transmission II. 將下列短語(yǔ)翻譯為中文。 直接模擬存儲(chǔ)技術(shù) 峰形系數(shù) 輸出誤差 多變量控制系統(tǒng) 需求規(guī)格說(shuō)明 現(xiàn)代控制理論 人機(jī)協(xié)調(diào) 復(fù)合控制 分散隨機(jī)控制 動(dòng)態(tài)誤差系數(shù) 相位調(diào)制 固有頻率 以下是大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2(第三版)課后翻譯答案 Unit1 1. 任何年滿18歲的人都有資格投票。(be el

19、igible to, vote) Answer:Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)前，這些獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的申請(qǐng)表格就會(huì)由學(xué)校發(fā)給每一個(gè)學(xué)生。(apply for, scholarship) Answer:A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照醫(yī)生的建議，我決定戒煙。(on the advice of) Answe

20、r:On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公園位于縣城的正中央。(be located in) Answer:The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 這所大學(xué)提供了我們所需的所有材料和設(shè)備。(facilities) Answer:The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他們花了多年的時(shí)間尋找內(nèi)心的平靜，但是收效甚微。(search f

21、or) Answer:They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 這種新藥的成功研制已經(jīng)使許多疾病的治療發(fā)生了根本性的變革。(revolutionize) Answer:The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases. 3. 由于這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，這家公司瀕于破產(chǎn)。(on the edge of) Answer:The compan

22、y is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country. 4. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)后他成為了一名護(hù)士。他認(rèn)為護(hù)士這一職業(yè)可能很有發(fā)展前途。(rewarding) Answer:He became a nurse after college. He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career. 5. 他像往常一樣在文件上簽了名。(just as) Answer:He signed his name on the paper just as he h

23、as always done it. Unit2 1. 警察們正忙著填寫(xiě)關(guān)于這場(chǎng)事故的各種表格。(fill out) Answer:The policemen are busy fi lling out forms about the accident. 2. 我想在還車之前把油箱加滿。(fill up, fuel tank) Answer:I want to fi ll up the fuel tank before returning the car. 3. 如果你要投訴，最好遵循正確的程序。(follow the procedure) Answer:If you wan

24、t to make a complaint, you’d better follow the correct procedure. 4. 要不是約翰幫忙，我們絕不會(huì)這么快就完成實(shí)驗(yàn)。(without) Answer:We couldn’t have fi nished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 5. 暴風(fēng)雨之后，岸邊的人們焦急地搜索湖面以期發(fā)現(xiàn)小船的蹤跡。(scan for) Answer:After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake

25、for any sign of the boat. 1. 這個(gè)國(guó)家不大，但是在國(guó)際事務(wù)中它卻發(fā)揮著重要作用。(play a role) Answer:This country is not big, but it plays an important role in international affairs. 2. 正是在我叔叔的幫助下，我得以克服困難，按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。(it is ... that) Answer:It was with the help of my uncle that I overcame the difficulty and completed the a

26、ssignment in time. 3. 畢業(yè)時(shí)他決定留在北京，而他最好的朋友卻選擇了去西藏。(while) Answer:While he decided to stay in Beijing upon graduation, his best friend chose to go to Tibet. 4. 在這次校園英語(yǔ)演講比賽中，我們班的瑪麗獲得了第三名。(come in) Answer:In this Campus English Speaking Contest, Mary from our class came in third. 5. 你應(yīng)該知道學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴需要有時(shí)間，

27、有金錢(qián)，還要有毅力。(as well as) Answer:You should know that it takes time, money as well as perseverance to learn to play the piano. Unit3 1. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)量入為出地過(guò)日子越來(lái)越難了。(increasingly) Answer:I find it increasingly difficult to live within my income. 2. 現(xiàn)代政治家們都試圖以電視講話來(lái)影響普通百姓。(reach out) Answer:Modern politician

28、s try to reach out to ordinary people in their TV speeches. 3. 應(yīng)該幫助學(xué)生對(duì)人生采取積極的態(tài)度。(adopt) Answer:Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive attitude to life. 4. 希望全班同學(xué)參加這些討論。(participate in) Answer:Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions. 5. 如果你犯了罪就必須受到懲罰。(crime) A

29、nswer:If you commit a crime you must expect to be punished. 1.兒子的死讓老婦人變得麻木癡呆了。(numb) Answer:The old woman was numbed by her son’s death. 2.身處所有這些煩惱之中，他依然能保持樂(lè)觀。(in the midst) Answer:In the midst of all troubles, he managed to remain cheerful. 3. 雖有困難，他們還是設(shè)法堅(jiān)持試驗(yàn)下去。(carry on) Answer:They manage

30、d to carry on their experiments in spite of the difficulties. 4.我們必須淘汰不合格的申請(qǐng)人。(weed out) Answer:We have to weed out unqualified applicants. 5. 醫(yī)生要他減少抽煙。(cut down on) Answer:The doctor told him to cut down on smoking. Unit4 1.她在公共汽車站一直等到末班車進(jìn)站。(come in)　　 Answer:She waited at the bus stop unt

31、il the last bus came in. 2.如果我們能幫得上忙，盡管和我們聯(lián)系。(contact)　 Answer:If there is any way we can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us. 3 .他需要多少船務(wù)人員才能使他的游艇航行？(crew, yacht)　　 Answer:How many crew does he need to sail his yacht? 4 .雖然她的新書(shū)沒(méi)有上一本好，但是我還是喜歡它。(not quite as)　　 Answer:I enjoye

32、d her new book though it’s not quite as good as her last one. 5 .我從未遇到過(guò)如此善良的人。(never before)　　 Answer:Never before have I met such a kind person. 1.公共汽車放慢速度并停下，讓那位乘客上車。(slow down)　　 Answer:The bus slowed down and stopped to allow the passenger to get on board. 2.許多車子都駛過(guò)去了，可是沒(méi)有一輛愿意讓我們搭便車。(roll b

33、y)　　 Answer:Many vehicles rolled by, but no one offered us a ride. 3 .請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地。(get off)　　 Answer:Please get off the grass. 4.他按妻子的吩咐，一下班就去了市場(chǎng)。(make one’s way)　　 Answer:He made his way to the marketplace right after work, as his wife had asked him to do. 5 .值得慶幸的是，史蒂夫 (Steve) 從自行車上摔下來(lái)時(shí)沒(méi)有摔斷骨頭。(lu

34、ckily)　　 Answer:Luckily, Steve didn’t break any bones when he fell off his bike. Unit5 1. 我們得把感情放在一邊，從專業(yè)的角度來(lái)對(duì)待這件事。(from a professional standpoint) Answer:We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional standpoint. 2. 這部戲非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激動(dòng)人心的劇情之中。(lose oneself in) Answer:The pla

35、y was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it. 3 .她沒(méi)有什么愛(ài)好——除非你把看電視也算是一種愛(ài)好。(unless) Answer:She hasn’t got any hobbies — unless you call watching TV a hobby. 4. 他說(shuō)他是直接從市長(zhǎng)本人那里得到這個(gè)信息的。(first-hand) Answer:He said that he had got the information first-hand from the Mayor himself.

36、 5 .既然你不能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們最好問(wèn)問(wèn)別人。(since) Answer:Since you can’t answer the question, perhaps we’d better ask someone else. 1. 由于公共汽車司機(jī)突然剎車，旅客們都不由自主地向前摔倒。(brake, pitch forward) Answer:All the passengers pitched forward because the bus driver braked sharply. 2. 這個(gè)協(xié)議將沖破對(duì)自由貿(mào)易設(shè)置的障礙。(break through, obstacle

37、) Answer:This agreement will break through the obstacles to free trade. 3 .我剛放下叫出租車的電話，車就來(lái)了。(soon after) Answer:The taxi arrived soon after I rang for it. 4. 在過(guò)去，不管我什么時(shí)候到家，我父母總會(huì)等我。(no matter) Answer:My parents always waited up for me no matter what time I got home. 5 .由于沒(méi)有一方愿意讓步，兩個(gè)公司之間的對(duì)話完全破裂了

38、。(break down) Answer:Talks between the two companies completely broke down, because neither of them wanted to give in. Unit6 1. 那件工作很難做，不過(guò)我想試試看。(have a shot) Answer:It’s a difficult job, but I’d like to have a shot. 2. 這是一本關(guān)于商務(wù)實(shí)踐而非理論的書(shū)。(as opposed to) Answer:This is a book about business pra

39、ctice as opposed to theory. 3. 社會(huì)活動(dòng)從未耽誤她的學(xué)習(xí)。(in the way) Answer:Social activities never get in the way of her studies. 4. 直到1911年人們才發(fā)現(xiàn)第一種維生素。(It is not until ... that) Answer:It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified. 5. 盡管年事已高，爺爺每天還幫忙做家務(wù)。(despite) Answer:Despite adva

40、nced years, Grandpa helps do housework every day. 1. 我們的婚姻很幸福，但我們也曾經(jīng)歷過(guò)許多坎坷。(ups and downs) Answer:Our marriage is happy but we’ve had many ups and downs. 2. 許多外語(yǔ)教師常常在課堂上自顧自地講得太多。(be inclined to) Answer:Many teachers of foreign languages are inclined to talk too much themselves in class. 3. 那位

41、著名演員每天早晨鍛煉一小時(shí)以保持健康。(work out) Answer:The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning. 4. 與他促膝長(zhǎng)談之后，她的懷疑消失了。(melt away) Answer:After a long heart-to-heart talk with him, her suspicion melted away. 5. 目前我們沒(méi)有職位空缺，但我們肯定會(huì)記住您的申請(qǐng)。(keep in mind) Answer:We have no vacancies now, but w

42、e’ll certainly keep your application in mind. Unit7 1. 他并不后悔說(shuō)過(guò)的話，只是覺(jué)得他完全可以不用這種方式表達(dá)。(could have done) Answer:He did not regret what he had said but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 2. 我們最好等到12月14日。那時(shí)大衛(wèi)已考完試，就能和我們一起去度假了。(will have done) Answer:We’d better wait till 14 December.

43、David will have had his exam by then, so he’ll be able to go on holiday with us. 3. 他正在做一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目，年底前必須完成。(work on) Answer:He’s working on a new project which has to be finished by the end of the year. 4. 他們讓我們使用他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，作為回報(bào)，我們則讓他們分享研究成果。(in return) Answer:They are letting us use their lab, and in re

44、turn, we are sharing with them the results of our research. 5. 諸如打電話、聽(tīng)電話一類的事情占用了這位秘書(shū)的大部分時(shí)間。(take up) Answer:Such things as making and answering telephone calls take up most of the secretary’s time. 1. 他們把房子賣(mài)了后就到加拿大和女兒住在一起。(go off) Answer:They sold their house and went off to live in Canada wi

45、th their daughter. 2. ——你下星期這個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)在干什么？ ——還是像平常一樣干活。(will be doing) Answer:What will you be doing this time next week?I’ll be working as usual. 3. 他既聰明又勤奮，不久就接管了雜志的編輯工作。(editing; before long) Answer:He was intelligent and hard-working and before long he took over the editing of the magazine. 4. 你話還沒(méi)說(shuō)完別人就掛斷電話，難道你不惱火嗎？(hang up) Answer:Don’t you hate it when someone hangs up on you before you finish speaking? 5. 讓他們感到驚恐的是，他們的房頂著火了。(to one’s horror) Answer:To their horror, the roof of their house caught fire.