牛津譯林 模塊七第二單元 M7U2 Reading life-saving medicine

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1、 2. 培養(yǎng)閱讀技能：本篇涉及到的閱讀技能有：培養(yǎng)閱讀技能：本篇涉及到的閱讀技能有： 閱讀醫(yī)學(xué)文章閱讀醫(yī)學(xué)文章,理解醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語理解醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語 。本版塊的教學(xué)目標(biāo)本版塊的教學(xué)目標(biāo)3. 學(xué)習(xí)語篇中出現(xiàn)的新詞匯掌握重點詞匯及短語。學(xué)習(xí)語篇中出現(xiàn)的新詞匯掌握重點詞匯及短語。 4. 分析理解長句和難句，回顧鞏固強調(diào)句型分析理解長句和難句，回顧鞏固強調(diào)句型 以以及倒裝句的用法。及倒裝句的用法。1. 閱讀有關(guān)閱讀有關(guān)aspirin 和和 penicillin的語篇，了解的語篇，了解其發(fā)明過程和作用。其發(fā)明過程和作用。5. 激發(fā)學(xué)生在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的科研意識，致力于研激發(fā)學(xué)生在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的科研意識，致力于研究究“救命救命

2、”藥造福人類。藥造福人類。aspirinpenicillin life-saving medicinesBrainstormingHave you ever taken these medicines? What illnesses can the two medicines cure?The Nobel Prize in Medicine.Aspirin and penicillin.1. What are the two medicines mentioned in the article? 3. What award did Fleming, Florey and Chain share

3、? 2. When did people find that drinking a special kind of tea could reduce body pains and fever? Nearly 3,500 years ago produced from a special _ first _ patients in powder form _in the form of tablets proved to reduce the risk of _ used to prevent a _ proved to reduce the risk of _ proved to _ used

4、 to reduce _ and help people with diabetes18971899190019711977198819992003Q: What conclusion can you draw after you get to know the development of aspirin?It takes much time and efforts to develop a new medicine.Many people contributed to the development of aspirin.chemicalused with sold in shops he

5、art attacks strokesome cancerslengthen peoples livesblood sugar levelsAlexander Alexander FlemingFlemingdiscovered the mould and named it discovered the mould and named it penicillin (1)_.penicillin (1)_.Faced two problems: unable to (2) Faced two problems: unable to (2) _difficult to produce (3)_di

6、fficult to produce (3)_Howard Florey Howard Florey and Ernst Chainand Ernst Chainmanaged to(4)_ themanaged to(4)_ the drug drug in large quantitiesin large quantitiesConclusionConclusionBecame the greatest drug of 20Became the greatest drug of 20thth century , saving (5)_century , saving (5)_in 1928

7、in 1928purify the penicillinpurify the penicillinmake and testmake and testin large quantitiesin large quantitiesmillions of livesmillions of livesQ1: Why were the three scientist given the Nobel Prize Q1: Why were the three scientist given the Nobel Prize for their work on penicillin? for their wor

8、k on penicillin? 192819281940194019441944discovered by Alexander Flemingdiscovered by Alexander Flemingmade and tested made and tested in large quantitiesin large quantitiesmass production mass production beganbeganQ1: Why were the three scientist given the Nobel Prize Q1: Why were the three scienti

9、st given the Nobel Prize for their work on penicillin? for their work on penicillin? Due to the widespread use of penicillin, many lives Due to the widespread use of penicillin, many lives were saved during the war. were saved during the war. Penicillin became the greatest drug of the 20 Penicillin

10、became the greatest drug of the 20thth century, saving millions of lives.century, saving millions of lives.reduce body reduce body pains pains and and feverfeverhelp help stopstop reduce reduce the risk of heart attacksthe risk of heart attacksprevent prevent strokesstrokesreduce the risk of some re

11、duce the risk of some cancerscancersincrease the increase the length of length of peoplepeoples s liveslivesreduce reduce blood sugar blood sugar levels and help with levels and help with diabetesdiabetes treats illnesses treats illnesses causedcaused by bacteria by bacteriaHow can we understand How

12、 can we understand medical termsmedical terms？ ( ( 醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語）醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語）u How many kinds of similar words are How many kinds of similar words are included in a medical article? What are they?included in a medical article? What are they? beneficial(L4) chemical(L7) trial(L13) relief(17) length(L28) abnormal(L36

13、) application(L40) effective(L45) approval(L49)ufrom the same stem life-saving salicylic acid(L11) best-selling(L17) heart attack(L21) blood sugar(L29) widespread(L50) bacterium(L39) bacteria(L41)uirregular plural formsucompound wordsbenefitchemisttryrelievelongnormalapplyeffectapprove A Aspirin and

14、 penicillin have saved millions of spirin and penicillin have saved millions of lives since they were invented. Nowadays, most lives since they were invented. Nowadays, most people are living a well-off life yet some of them people are living a well-off life yet some of them seem to be losing good h

15、ealth. seem to be losing good health. S Some deadly ome deadly diseases like cancer and AIDs kill thousands of diseases like cancer and AIDs kill thousands of lives every year and are threatening more and lives every year and are threatening more and more people. Is it necessary to develop new life-

16、more people. Is it necessary to develop new life-saving medicines? Would you like to devote saving medicines? Would you like to devote yourself to studying medicine in the future?yourself to studying medicine in the future?Useful expressionsUseful expressions1. 1.兩種救命藥兩種救命藥2.2.引發(fā)醫(yī)學(xué)革命引發(fā)醫(yī)學(xué)革命3.3.對對有益有益

17、4. 4. 用樹皮制成汁用樹皮制成汁5. 5. 發(fā)生發(fā)生6.6. 分發(fā)分發(fā)7.7.以粉末形勢以粉末形勢8.8.最暢銷的藥物最暢銷的藥物9.9.有有的可能性的可能性10. 10. 減少減少風(fēng)險風(fēng)險 11.11.實施實施12.12.預(yù)防中風(fēng)預(yù)防中風(fēng)13.13.延長人們的壽命延長人們的壽命14. 14. 糖尿病患者糖尿病患者15.15.在當(dāng)代在當(dāng)代16.16.看起來異?？雌饋懋惓?7.17.在在上試用某物上試用某物18.18.應(yīng)用于應(yīng)用于19.19.大量地大量地20.20.加快批準(zhǔn)程序加快批準(zhǔn)程序21.21.批量生產(chǎn)批量生產(chǎn)22.22.廣泛使用廣泛使用Useful expressions1.兩種救命

18、藥兩種救命藥2.引發(fā)醫(yī)學(xué)革命引發(fā)醫(yī)學(xué)革命3.對對有益有益4. 用樹皮制成汁用樹皮制成汁5. 發(fā)生發(fā)生6. 分發(fā)分發(fā)7.以粉末形式以粉末形式8.最暢銷的藥物最暢銷的藥物9.有有的可能性的可能性10. 減少減少風(fēng)險風(fēng)險 11.實施實施12.預(yù)防中風(fēng)預(yù)防中風(fēng)1.two life-saving medicines (title)2. start revolutions in medicine (L1)3.be beneficial to (L4)4. make a juice from a tree bark (L11)5. take place (L14)6. distribute sth. to

19、(L15)7. in powder form (L15)8. the best-selling medicine (L17)9. have the potential to (L20)10. reduce the risk of (L21)11. carry out (L24)12.prevent strokes (L24) 13.延長人們的壽命延長人們的壽命14. 糖尿病患者糖尿病患者15.在當(dāng)代在當(dāng)代16.看起來異常看起來異常17.在在上試用某物上試用某物18.應(yīng)用于應(yīng)用于19.大量地大量地20.加快審批程序加快審批程序21.批量生產(chǎn)批量生產(chǎn)22.廣泛使用廣泛使用 13. increase

20、 the length of peoples lives (L28)14. people with diabetes (L30)15.in contemporary society (L34)16.look abnormal (L36)17. try out on (L39)18.have an application in (L40)19.in large/ample quantities (L47)20.accelerate the approval process (L49)21.mass production (L49)22. the widespread use of (L50)1.

21、people chewed on or drank tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains(L8-9)5.He immediately thought that the mould might have an application in treating illness caused by bacteria. (L40-41)2.aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of (L21)4.It astonished him to see t

22、he bacteria surrounding the mould dead. (L37-38)3. In 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could(L24)6. Penicillin became the greatest drug of the 20th century, saving millions of lives. (L52-53)Understanding sentences with v-ing, v-ed , or to do對該藥進(jìn)行的首批試驗發(fā)生在對該藥進(jìn)行的首批試驗發(fā)生在1899年，年，

23、 當(dāng)時，霍夫當(dāng)時，霍夫曼供職的公司開始將這種藥以粉末形式分發(fā)給藥師，曼供職的公司開始將這種藥以粉末形式分發(fā)給藥師，在病人身上使用。在病人身上使用。Analyzing difficult sentences1.The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899, when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.(L13-15)2. Lawrence Cra

24、ven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks ,because it helped the blood circulate better.(L27)美國醫(yī)生勞倫斯美國醫(yī)生勞倫斯.克雷文在克雷文在1953年提出一個觀點，即年提出一個觀點，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險。阿司匹林可能有助于降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險。3. He noted that a dish in which he was t

25、rying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormalthere was blue mould in it .(L27)他注意到一個碟子看起來有些異常他注意到一個碟子看起來有些異常為了做實驗，他為了做實驗，他試圖在這個碟子中培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌試圖在這個碟子中培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌它里面有藍(lán)色的霉。它里面有藍(lán)色的霉。4. It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead, which meant that the mould had killed them. (L37-38)使他十分

26、驚訝的是，他看到這種霉周圍的細(xì)菌都死了，使他十分驚訝的是，他看到這種霉周圍的細(xì)菌都死了，這意味著是這種霉殺死了它們。這意味著是這種霉殺死了它們。5. It was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective. (L44-45)難以生產(chǎn)出足量的青霉素以產(chǎn)生藥效。難以生產(chǎn)出足量的青霉素以產(chǎn)生藥效。Sentence pattern 1. If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the wo

27、rld, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin. (L1-3)這趟火車很可能晚點。這趟火車很可能晚點。The train is likely to be late.It is likely/possible that the train will be late.Its likely/possible that (很可能很可能) Sb. be likely to do sth. 倘若你打開世界上任何一個藥柜或者去任何一個藥品倘若你打開世界上任何一個藥柜或者去任何一個藥品柜臺，都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素柜臺，都很可能找到阿

28、司匹林和青霉素.Its very likely that shell ring me tonight. Its possible that the letter got lost in the post.Its strange that we havent heard from him. 4.奇怪的是我們沒有他的音信奇怪的是我們沒有他的音信. 1. 很可能今晚她會給我打電話很可能今晚她會給我打電話.2. 那封信可能在郵遞過程中弄丟了。那封信可能在郵遞過程中弄丟了。5. 有關(guān)他的家庭情況他為什么撒謊不清楚。有關(guān)他的家庭情況他為什么撒謊不清楚。3. 很顯然很顯然aspirin和和penicilli

29、n自發(fā)明以來拯救了幾自發(fā)明以來拯救了幾百萬人的生命。百萬人的生命。Its not clear why he has lied about his family. It is likely/obvious/strange/necessary+主語從句主語從句 Its obvious that aspirin and penicillin have saved millions of lives since they were invented.2. It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced a

30、spirin from this chemical1. It was at midnight _ I got back home yesterday.2. It was midnight _ I got back homethatwhen1897年，一位名叫菲利克斯年，一位名叫菲利克斯霍夫曼的歐洲藥劑師提取霍夫曼的歐洲藥劑師提取這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)這種化學(xué)物質(zhì),制成了阿司匹林制成了阿司匹林.2. Not only _(城市被污染城市被污染)but the street were crowded. 3. Not only can voluntary work bring profits to the h

31、elped people, but also it contributes to the happiness of the volunteers themselves.3. Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.1. Not only _(約翰喜愛約翰喜愛)Chinese ,but he is also good at speaking it.not onlybut

32、 also 連接并列連接并列主語主語時時,句子句子不不用用倒裝倒裝,謂語動詞遵循謂語動詞遵循就近原則就近原則. Not only you but also I _ fond of music.(be)was the city polluted does John love not only位于句首位于句首,所在的分句要用部分倒裝所在的分句要用部分倒裝. am(語序：語序：助動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞/系動詞系動詞主語主語謂語謂語其他其他)4.If penicillin had not been available ,many people _ sickness or even small wo

33、unds.A. would die from B. died from C. would have died from D. could die from 如果沒有青霉素的話如果沒有青霉素的話,許多人會死于疾病許多人會死于疾病,甚至是甚至是微小的創(chuàng)傷微小的創(chuàng)傷.C時時 間間 If 條件句條件句主主 句句過過 去去had donewouldshouldcouldmight + have done現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 在在did / werewouldshouldcouldmight + do將將 來來should dowere to dodid / werewouldshouldcouldmight + doK

34、ey words effective vital beneficialapplication revolution potential approval astonish possess accelerate1.He studied the German market to find the potential there for profitable investment. 2.There were an astonishing number of applicants for the job. 3.Does he possess the necessary patience and ent

35、husiasm to do the job well? 4. The government is trying to take measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth5. Aspirin is an invention that has a variety of applications in the treatment for diseases.The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy.We find advertising on TV

36、very effective. Fresh air is beneficial to ones health. 6. Credit cards have brought about a revolution in peoples spending habits. 7. Do the plans meet with your approval? 8. It is just three months since we received official approval to go ahead with the project.11. 新鮮空氣有益於健康新鮮空氣有益於健康.10.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在電視上做

37、廣告效果好。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在電視上做廣告效果好。9. 旅游業(yè)對于國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)是至關(guān)重要的。旅游業(yè)對于國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)是至關(guān)重要的。Fill in the blanks according to the text 1.People chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea _(make) from leaves_(possess) a special chemical _(reduce) body pains and fever.2. In 1977 a study _(carry ) out in the USA showed that aspirin could pr

38、event strokes, as well.3. It astonished him _(see)the bacteria _(surround) the mould dead4. He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses _(cause) by bacteria.5. It was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities _(需要需要)to be effective. 6. Penicil

39、lin became the greatest drug of the 20th century, _(save) millions of lives.madepossessingto reducecarriedsurroundingneededsavingcausedto see1.If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world, it is likely _you will find aspirin and penicillinA.which B. what C. that D.

40、 when 2. It was in 1897 _ a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical A. when B. that C. in which D. which3. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899, _ the company _ Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to u

41、se with patients.A. which, that B. when, C. , that D. when, which4. It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead, _ meant that the mould had killed them. A. which B. that C. when D. what5. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953_aspirin had the potenti

42、al to reduce the risk of heart attack , _ it helped the blood circulate better. A. that ; so B. which; because C. which; so D. that ; because6. Another drug _ has helped increase the standard of peoples health is penicillin, _is considered by many to be one of the most important medicine in contempo

43、rary society. A. that ; which B. which; that C. that; that D. / ; which7. He noted that a dish _he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormal. -There was blue mould in it.A. which B. that C. in which D. on which1.我們高興地看到這一科學(xué)變革加速了社會的發(fā)展。我們高興地看到這一科學(xué)變革加速了社會的發(fā)展。 We are delighted to see

44、 that the scientific revolution has accelerated the development of society.2. 她擁有許多可貴的品質(zhì)，這些品質(zhì)對她成功是至關(guān)重她擁有許多可貴的品質(zhì)，這些品質(zhì)對她成功是至關(guān)重要的。（要的。（possess; vital） She possesses many valuable qualities which are vital to her success.3. 我認(rèn)為他有在這個領(lǐng)域成為專家的潛力。我認(rèn)為他有在這個領(lǐng)域成為專家的潛力。( have the potential to do ) I think he has

45、the potential to become an expert in this field.Translate the following sentences into English4. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)丹尼爾的行為有點反常，但猜不出為什么。我發(fā)現(xiàn)丹尼爾的行為有點反常，但猜不出為什么。(findabnormal) I found Daniels behavior a bit abnormal , but was unable to figure out why.6.我們非常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)有人改變了房間內(nèi)家具的擺設(shè)。我們非常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)有人改變了房間內(nèi)家具的擺設(shè)。(astonish) We were astonished to find that someone had changed the arrangement of the furniture in the room.8.這個項目被推延了，因為我們還沒有得到政府的批這個項目被推延了，因為我們還沒有得到政府的批準(zhǔn)。準(zhǔn)。 (delay; approval) The project has been delayed, because we havent got approval from the government.