2010中考英語復習課本知識整理 八年級下 Unit4

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1、2010年中考英語復習課本知識整理八年級下 Unit 4　He said I was hard-working 【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語 　first of all 　　 　　首先 　　pass on 　　　　　　　 傳遞 　　be supposed to 　 　　被期望或被要求... ... 　　do better in 　　　　　在......方面做得更好 　　be in good health 　　身體健康 　　report card 　　　　　 成績單 　　get over　 　　　　　　克服；恢復；原諒 　　open up 　　　　　　　 打開 　　

2、care for　 　　　　　　照料；照顧 　　have a party for sb.　為某人舉行一次聚會 　　be mad at sb 使發(fā)瘋 II. 重要句型 1. He said I was hard-working. 2. ---What did your teacher say? --- He/ She said… III. 交際用語 學習如何轉(zhuǎn)述別人所敘述的內(nèi)容。 IV. 重要語法 1. 重點詞及短語。 1. 直接引語和間接引語。 ? 我認為給你父親說這件事的時機還不成熟。 ? I don’t think it is the right time

3、for you to tell your father about that. ? 我認為他不是一個好演員。 I don’t think he is a good actor. ? 我認為你說的并不正確。 I don’t think you are right. ? ◆Yesterday she told me she was sorry she’d gotten mad. ? 昨天她告訴我，她為自己當時生氣而抱歉。 ? ◆Nowadays, many students prefer using English names in a language classroom. ?

4、 如今，許多學生喜歡在上語言課的時候用英文名字。 ? prefer的用法： prefer v. 更喜歡；寧愿 ? prefer sth. to sth. 喜歡…勝過… ? prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡…而不喜歡… ? prefer to do rather than do 寧愿…而不愿… ? e.g. ? Do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜歡咖啡還是茶？ ? He prefers talking to doing. 他喜歡說，卻不喜歡做。 ? They prefer to

5、die rather than surrender. 他們寧死不屈。 ? ◆And for young people, having an English name is cool for them when they talk to their foreign pen pals. ? 而且對年輕人來說，有了英文名字，和筆友交談時也很酷。 ? having an English name … 中having 是動詞ing形式, 用來做主語。 ? e.g. ? Getting up early every day is his good habit. 每天早起是他的習慣。 ?

6、Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜歡的運動。 ? ◆Learning English and having English names are both popular in China. They are also important for China’s contact with the world. ? 學習英語，而且有英文名字在中國很流行。這些對中國和世界的接觸也很重要。 ? contact的用法： ? contact n. ? e.g. be in contact wit

7、h 和...接觸， 有聯(lián)系 ? They have been in contact with each other for five years. ? 他們互相保持聯(lián)系已經(jīng)有五年了。 ? She comes into contact with many people. 她和許多人有聯(lián)系。 ? contact v. ? e.g. She contacted me as soon as she arrived. 她一到就和我聯(lián)系了。 ? ◆On the other hand, some people who come to China choose

8、Chinese names ? 另一方面，一些人來到中國，也起了中文名字。 ? on the one hand 一方面… ? on the other hand 另一方面… ? e.g. ? On one hand, he is a clever boy; on the other hand, he always makes his mother angry. ? 一方面，他是個聰明的孩子；可另一方面，他老惹母親生氣。 語法小結(jié) ? 1.直接引語（Direct Speech）是指原封不動的引用原話，把它放在引號內(nèi)，例如： ? Mothe

9、r told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can go out and play with your friends.” ? They said, “We want to have a rest.” ? 間接引語（Reported Speech，又叫Indirect Speech）即用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號內(nèi)。上面兩個例句變成間接引語應該是： ? Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go o

10、ut and play with my friends. ? They said they wanted to have a rest. ? ? －> He said he hadn’t known me. ? 當“過去的過去”已經(jīng)不言自明，或者通過其他詞匯手段予以體現(xiàn)，或者側(cè)重于強調(diào)所轉(zhuǎn)述的事實本身時，一般過去時形式可以不變。例如： ? Ann said, “She was born in 1981.” ? －> Ann said she was born in 1981. ? b） 過去進行時可以變成過去完成進行時，也可以不變。例如： ? Robert said

11、, “I was joking with Mary.” ? －> Robert said he had been joking with Mary. ? Robert said he was joking with Mary. ? c） 過去完成時仍為過去完成時，不需改變。例如： ? He said, “We hadn’t returned to the store when she came.” ? －> He said they hadn’t returned to the store when she came. ? d） 時間狀語分句中的一般過去式或者過去進行時可以不

12、變。例如： ? John said, “When I lived in London I often saw Jane.” ? －> John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane. ? John said when he lived in London he often saw Jane. ? 3） 將來時間推移到過去將來時間 ? 最常見的是把表示將來時間的助動詞由現(xiàn)在時形式變?yōu)檫^去時形式。例如： ? He said, “We’re spending next weekend at home.” ? －> He

13、said they were spending the next weekend at home. ? She said, “The milk will go off（變質(zhì)）if you don’t drink it today.” ? －> She said the milk would go off if I didn’t drink it that day. ? They said, “We’re going to Hawaii this summer vacation.” ? －> They said they were going to Hawaii that summer

14、vacation. ? 但是，在引述時，如果原話中的動作或者狀態(tài)屬于尚未到來的將來時間，那么，可以不推移到過去將來時間。例如： ? He said, “I’ll be waiting for you tomorrow.” ? －> He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow. ? 4） 人稱代詞、限定詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變化 ? 由上面的例子可以看出，當直接引語變成間接引語時，除動詞時態(tài)變化外，人稱代詞、限定詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等通常也作相應的變化。 ? a） 人稱代詞，除引述本人原話外，通常第一、二人稱變?yōu)榈谌朔Q，或者第二人稱變?yōu)?/p>

15、第一人稱；限定詞也作相應的變化。例如： ? He said, “We love our country.” ? －> He said they love their county. ? b） 指示代詞this，these分別變成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定詞this，those通常變?yōu)閠hat，those或the。例如： ? “This house is very expensive,” she said. ? －> She said that house was very expensive. ? The children came back with

16、 two wallets and said, “We picked these up on the pavement.” ? －> The children came back with two wallets and said they had picked them up on the pavement. ? c） 時間狀語在間接引語中的變化有三種情況： ? i） 時間狀語和動詞時態(tài)兩者都變。例如： ? He said, “It was completes a year ago.” ? －> He said it had been completed a year b

17、efore. ? ii） 時間狀語不變，動詞時態(tài)可變可不變。例如： ? She said, “We left Paris at 8 a.m.” ? －> She said they had left Paris at 8 a.m. ? She said they left Paris at 8 a.m. ? iii） 時間狀語變與不變需視具體情況而定，如果引述時間和說話時間（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），時間狀語可不變。例如： ? Mr. Black said, “We started learning Chinese last month.” ? －> Mr. Bl

18、ack said they had started learning Chinese last month. （同一月引述） ? －> Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. （可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述） ? 直接引語 間接引語 ? today that day ? this morning/afternoon, etc.

19、 that morning/afternoon, etc. ? yesterday the day before, the previous day ? (the) day before yesterday two days before ? tomorrow the next day, the following day ? (the) day after tomorrow two days aft

20、er, in two days’ time ? next week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc. ? last week/month the week/month before ? now then ? d） 地點狀語here通常變?yōu)閠here；但若說話人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具體地點代替here。例如： ? She said, “I first met your

21、 brother here.” ? －> She said she first met my brother there. ? “Are the children here?” Father asked. ? －> Father asked whether the children were here. ? 本單元重點：直接引語和間接引語，需要注意的是：直接引語變間接引語時，人稱和時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化，時態(tài)得和主句的時態(tài)保持一致。 【典型例題解析】 例1 The children will climb the hill if it _____ tomorrow. A. won’

22、t rain B. didn’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. isn’t raining 解析 此句中if意為“如果”，引導的是時間狀語從句，其中主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 答案 （C） 例2 We went to Hainan Island on May Day and had great fun _____in the sun. A. surf B. surfing C. surfs D. to surf 解析 have fun doing sth.為固定詞組，意為“做某事很開心、高興”。

23、 答案 （B） 例3 Frank _____to see his grandma if he _____free tomorrow. A. will come; will be B. comes; is B. comes; will be D. will come; is 正解 D錯因分析 本句時間狀語為tomorrow，所以會錯選為A選項，但在if引導的時間狀語從句中，主句應用一般將來時，而從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選D。 例4 Health is very important to us. We should

24、 eat more vegetables and fruit instead of ____ rich food. A. too much B. much too C. too many D. very much 正解 A錯因分析 此題考查上面四個短語的區(qū)別。too much “太多的”，后接不可數(shù)名詞；much too“很，非?！?，后接形容詞或副詞；very much“很，非?！?，用來修飾動詞；too many “太多的”后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式。句中food 是不可數(shù)名詞，所以應用too much。 例5 (2008年銅仁)—Do you know ______

25、_ man in white T-shirt? —Yes. He's our teacher of English, Mr. Zeng. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【析】本題考查冠詞用法。冠詞a、an表泛指，the表特指。此處是指那個穿白體恤的人，故表示特指，所以C是正確的。 答案 C 單元測試題 一、單項填空 1．Bill said to Allen he ________ soccer every Sunday． A．is playing B．played C．playin

26、g D．would play 2．________ students in a village may not sound like fun． A．Teach B．Teaching C．Teacher D．To teaching 3．Betty________her friends that her parents________to have a party for her． A．said；will B．told；would C．told；were going D．tells；will 4．My mother is mad________me for__

27、______her glasses． A．with；broken B．a(chǎn)t；break C．a(chǎn)bout；broken D．a(chǎn)t；breaking 5．Ray does________in history than I． A．better B．good C．well D．best 6．My dictionary is on Mary’s desk Could you＿＿＿＿? A．past it to me B pass me it C．pass it to me D．pass it for me 7．You’re supposed ＿＿＿＿＿ your homewo

28、rk on time． A．finished B．finishing C．to finish D．finish 8．He_______his shortcomings (缺點) and became a good student． A．got up B．got off C．came over D．got over 9．I don’t know＿＿＿＿＿． A．how is he old B．how old he is C．how old is he D．he is how old 10．Please________away the water and

29、_____ me a cup of tea． A．take；bring B．take；take C．bring；bring D．bring；take 11．The teacher said that light __________ faster than sound． A．travels B．travelled C．travel D．to travel 12．You can_______books _________ the library． A．borrow；in B．borrow：from C．1end；in D．1end；from

30、 13．How long does it _______ him to travel from Beijing to Xi’an? A．take B．spend C．use D．make 14．The little baby looks________． A．lovely B．carefully C．heavily D．sadly 15．Could you tell me who __________ tomorrow morning? A．you would visit B．will you visit C．you will visit D．wou

31、ld you visit 16．Tom wanted to know ________ the meeting would begin． A．if B．when C．that D．what 17．They arrived early___________a Friday afternoon． A．a(chǎn)t B．on C．in D．of 18．My brother is a _________ boy and he sings very________． A．well；good B．good；well C．well；well D．good；goo

32、d 19．He was doing his homework when Tom__________． A．get to B．reached C．got to D．a(chǎn)rrived 20．It’s not right _________ others’ homework． A．copy t B．copies C．copying D．to copy 二、完形填空 When Roy was four years old，his father 　　1　　 in an accident，leaving his mother and him．After Roy left high

33、school，he wanted 　　2　　 to a good college in his hometown．But his mother would pay 　　3　　 money for his college education． “I’ll try to do something for you as soon as you pass the entrance exam，”said his mother． Roy took the exam．As a result，he could enter the college 　　4　　 he didn’t get very high

34、scores． His mother was very excited，but she knew quite a lot of money would be needed．The next day，she sold her car and asked her boss 　　5　　 another four hours’ work every day．She even had two jobs，one during the day and 　　6　　 at night．She had to walk to work and work twelve hours a day，seven days

35、a week，but she didn’t 　　7　?。甋he thought her son’s education was worth so much． A term passed．Roy took his first exam after entering the college．When the results were told，Roy ran home to 　　8　　 his mother the news． “Mum，”he said．“I’ve got my exam results．You must be very 　　9　　．’’ “You mean you’ve

36、passed?’’ she asked happily． “No，I haven’t．You can get your car back and stop 　　10　　 like that from now on” 1．A．fell B．died C．was hurt D．was hit 2．A．to go B．to come C．going D．coming 3．A．some B．no C．much D．little 4．A．a(chǎn)nd B．so C．a(chǎn)lthough D．because 5．A．to B．for C．wit

37、h D．of 6．A．the others B．others C．a(chǎn)nother D．the other 7．A．complain B．refuse C．quarrel D．laugh 8．A．talk B．speak C．say D．tell 9．A．worried B．shy C．pleased D．free 10．A．to work B．working C．work D．not working 三、閱讀理解 A Whan you want to call a store or an office that you d

38、on’t call often，you look up the telephone book for the number．You dial(撥) the number，and then you forget it! You use short-term memory to remember the number．Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds．However，you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best memory．Your long-term memory

39、has everything that you remember through the years． Why do you forget things sometimes? Is there a reason? Yes，there are several．An important reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well in the beginning．For example，you meet some new people，and soon you forget their names． You

40、hear the names but you do not learn them，so you forget them． You can help yourself remember better．Move information from your short-term memory to your long-term memory．You can do this if you practice the new information． 1．According to the passage，you forget the telephone numbers that you don’t c

41、all often because_________． A．the telephone number is too long B．the telephone number is very strange C．you use your short-term memory to remember it． D．you look it up in the telephone book 2．Which is easier to forget? A．Something that you understand． B．Your best friend’s name． C．The new inf

42、ormation that you have practiced a lot． D．Something that you didn’t learn well in the beginning 3．According to the passage，a person’s short-term memory lasts about__________． A．half a second B．half a minute C．half an hour D．half a day 4．The writer mainly wants to tell us some ideas on __

43、________． A．how to keep something in mind long B．how to learn English well C．how to make a telephone call D．how to remember a person’s name B A Frenchman came to London to study English．He lived at his English friend’s home．He worked hard at his lessons．Every morning he often did some reading

44、by the window before he went to class． His friend，Grant，liked to keep birds．Every day，early in the morning he took his birds out of the room．Sometimes he hung his cage on a tree in his garden or sometimes on his window upstairs． One morning when he took out of his birdcage and tried to hang it on

45、the window upstairs，the cage suddenly fell off his hand．He couldn’t catch it．So he shouted，“Look out!”As soon as he heard the shout，the Frenchman put his head out of the window and tried to look at what was happening．What happened? The cage was just in time to hit him on the head! From then on the F

46、renchman knew what the English“l(fā)ook out”really meant． 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正(T)誤(F) 5．The Frenchman worked in London．(　　) 6．Every day the Frenchman did some reading after he went to class．(　　) 7．Sometimes Grant hung his cage on a tree or on his window upstairs．(　　) 8．One day the Frenchman tried to hang his

47、 cage on the window upstairs．(　　) 9．The Frenchman wanted to look at what was happening．(　　) 10．Grant shouted“Look out!”because he wanted-his friend to look out of window．(　　) 四、根據(jù)句意及首字母提示補全單詞 1．The boy always gets n_________ when he talks to others． 2．Billy had an accident this morning．L_______

48、，he wasn’t badly hurt． 3．Jack got d__________ news from his teacher．He failed in the exam． 4．There are a lot of f_______visitors from all over the world coming to China every year． 5．We are s______to meet them at the gate at seven． 6．Beijing University is a good place to get good e_________． 7．

49、We were e ________ when we heard the e________ news． 8．She said she could speak three l_________．Chinese，English and French． 五、將直接引語改為間接引語 1．The girl said to me，“I need your help．” ___________________________________________________________________ 2．The teacher asked the boy,“What’s your name?

50、’’ ___________________________________________________________________ 3．Maggie asked，“Are these Bob’s books?” ___________________________________________________________________ 4．Johnny said to me，“I haven’t seen this movie yet．’’ ______________________________________________________________

51、_____ 5．He said，“Please come again tomorrow．” ___________________________________________________________________ 6．Cathy said，“I lost my key yesterday．” ___________________________________________________________________ 7．Mary said，“Ｉ will go swimming with my mum next Sunday．” ______________

52、_____________________________________________________ 8．The assistant said，“My boss is flying to Washington next weekend．” ___________________________________________________________________ 9．Helen said，“I have to baby sit my little cousin this afternoon．” ______________________________________

53、_____________________________ 10．Tom said to me，“When are you free?” ___________________________________________________________________ 六、選詞填空 copy　easy　anymore　foreign　lazy　will be　can　need　don’t　talk　be 1．Marcia said she wasn’t mad at Jane________． 2．He told me he________to the Beijing Aqu

54、arium the day before． 3．Ben said he________speak a little Spanish． 4．The teacher told the students ________ others’ homework． 5．My science teacher said I was ________ student in the class，which wasn’t true． 6．Linda said she _______ see him tomorrow afternoon． 7．A______was lost in this area．Let’

55、s help him． 8．She ________ do more exercises to pass the exam． 9．There _______ a badminton match this week． 10．The boy said he ________ like drinking milk． 11．I think this question is ________ than that one． 12．The manager shouted angrily，“Stop _________．” 七、書面表達 你遠在他鄉(xiāng)的父母想了解你在學校的情況，請你寫封信向他們匯報

56、下語文、數(shù)學、外語等老師對你的評價。開頭已給出。 要求：至少8句話，要用到間接引語。 Dear parents I have received my school report card．I did OK this term．_________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Love，　　 ×××　　 四、1．nerv

57、ous　提示：get nervous變得緊張。 2．Luckily　提示：luckily幸運地。 3．disappointing　提示：考試不及格是令人失望的消息。 4．foreign　提示：來自世界各地的外國游客。 5．supposed　提示：be supposed to被期待或要求。 6．education　提示：北京大學是能得到好教育的地方。 7．excited，exciting　提示：通常用-ed形式的形容詞修飾人；用-ing形式的形容詞修飾物。 8．1anguages提示：會講三國語言。 五、l．The girl told me she needed my help．

58、 2．The teacher asked the boy what his name was． 3．Maggie asked if those books were Bob’s． 4．Johnny told me he hadn’t seen that movie yet． 5．He asked me to come again the next day／tomorrow． 6．Cathy said she had lost her key the day before． 7．Mary said she would go swimming with her mum the next

59、 Sunday． 8．The assistant said her／his boss was flying to Washington the next weekend． 9．Helen said she had to babysit her little cousin that afternoon． 10．Tom asked me when I was free． 六、1．a(chǎn)nymore　2．had been　3．could　4．not to copy　5．the laziest 6．would　7．foreigner　8．needs to 9．will be 10．didn’

60、t 11．easier 12．talking 七、One possible version： Dear parents， I have received my school report card．I did OK this term．The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working．My science teacher said I was lazy．But it’s just that I find science is really difficult．My history teacher said I could do better．My English teacher said my listening was good，but my writing was weak． Well，that’s about all the news I have for now． Love， ×××