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1、第 5 5 講短文填空短文填空是中考中一個(gè)難度比較大的題型。它所涉及的知識(shí)面廣,靈活性高,綜合性也很強(qiáng)。它不僅考查考生在詞匯、語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還考查考生理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力。從表面上看它是考查考生對(duì)單詞的辨認(rèn)能力,而實(shí)質(zhì)上它既考查了考生掌握單詞的數(shù)量及準(zhǔn)確性,又考查了他們對(duì)上下文以及詞義的理解和判斷能力,由此考查考生的知識(shí)記憶與再現(xiàn)能力。一、解題步驟1跳跳過(guò)空格,通讀短文,了解大意。過(guò)空格,通讀短文,了解大意。解題時(shí)先跳過(guò)空格,通讀短文,了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句,善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣為立足點(diǎn),理清文脈,推測(cè)全文時(shí)態(tài)、主題及大意。在通讀過(guò)程中,若能夠想到應(yīng)該填什么
2、的可以先直接填上,但后面要檢查核對(duì)。2復(fù)復(fù)讀短文,確定語(yǔ)義,判斷詞形。讀短文,確定語(yǔ)義,判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文,利用上下文的語(yǔ)境,結(jié)合所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí),先確定空格處所需詞語(yǔ)的意義,再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。3三三讀短文,上下參照,驗(yàn)證答案。讀短文,上下參照,驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個(gè)詞后,將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考??蓮纳舷挛膬?nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無(wú)誤等方面進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證,凡有疑問(wèn)必須重新推敲考慮。二、解題技巧做好短文填空題要求考生具備扎實(shí)的
3、語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)、理解文章大意和主旨的能力,牢固掌握英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配,熟記英語(yǔ)單詞的拼寫。做短文填空時(shí)可從以下幾個(gè)方面著手:1從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境方面考慮。從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境方面考慮。有的空必須根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)才能判斷應(yīng)該填什么單詞。day.例(2012 年廣東)I have had a lot of (73)_ every“I understand that it is important to do my homework”從而可確定填homework/schoolwork/work。解析解析根據(jù)短文可知此處需要填入一個(gè)名詞,再根據(jù)下文2從語(yǔ)法方面考慮。從語(yǔ)法方面考慮。短文填空題所涉及的
4、語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容通常包括:名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)、主謂一致、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、冠詞、介詞和連詞的選用等。例1(2012 年廣東)The longer the holidays are, the(78)_ homework I get.I really feel bad about it.解析根據(jù)句意可知要填形容詞 much ,又根據(jù)上文“Thelonger”可確定此處考查的是形容詞比較級(jí)的常用句型“the 比較級(jí),the比較級(jí)”,表示“越越”。故此處應(yīng)填more。例2(2012 年廣東)I am looking forward to a holiday(79)_ homework so
5、that I can relax and have some timefor my hobbies.解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中缺少定語(yǔ),故這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)介詞,與 homework 一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。又根據(jù)下文“Ican relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空應(yīng)填表示“沒(méi)有”作業(yè)的without。例3(2012 年廣東)Im upset these days.I have(71)_ problem, .解析名詞前面一般填冠詞或形容詞,句中已有 Im upset,故可確定應(yīng)填一個(gè)冠詞。problem 在此是第一次提及,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a。解析s
6、uch as 意為“例如”,是固定搭配,故第77 空填as。例(2012 年廣東)I almost have no free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.3從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮。從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮。4先先易后難。易后難。在做題過(guò)程中遇到個(gè)別空格填不出的,可以適當(dāng)跳過(guò),待全部完成后,再考慮填不出的空格,這樣未知的信息就越來(lái)越少。當(dāng)明確空格的意思后,可以把與表達(dá)此意有關(guān)的詞羅列出來(lái),找出最好的和最有把握的詞填進(jìn)去。5檢檢查錯(cuò)誤。查錯(cuò)誤。在填完后,應(yīng)該將短文重新審讀一次,檢查答案是否有不
7、合題意的或有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤等。(一)2012 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試Nov. 26, 2011, SaturdayCloudyI am upset these days.I have (71)_ problem, and I donot(72)_ how to deal with it.I have had a lot of(73)_ every day since I became aGrade 9 student.I have no choice but to do it.I often stay up late tofinish it and then feel (74)_ the nex
8、t day.(75)_ I understand that it is important to do myhomework and (76)_ it in on time, sometimes I still dontwant to do so much homework.I almost have no free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.Theworst thing is that I even have homework on weekends andholidays.The longer
9、 the holidays are, the (78)_ homeworkI get.I really feel bad about that.I am looking forward to a holiday (79)_ homework sothat I can relax and have some time for my hobbies.What should Ido? I really hope that someone can give (80)_ somesuggestions.I am sure they will be of great value to me.本文是一篇日記
10、,主要寫了一個(gè)孩子因?yàn)橛刑嘧鳂I(yè)而感到很累、不開心,他希望能夠擁有一個(gè)沒(méi)有作業(yè)的輕松假期,并希望有人能夠給他一些建議。71.a名 詞 前 面 一 般 填 冠 詞 或 形 容 詞 , 句 中 已 有 “Im upset”,故可確定應(yīng)填一個(gè)冠詞。problem 在此是第一次提及,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a。72.know根據(jù) 句意 ,此 處應(yīng) 該是 “我不 知道 怎樣 處理”,前面有“I do not”,所以后面應(yīng)填 know。73.homework/schoolwork/work根據(jù)短文可知此處需要74.tired/sleepy feel 是系動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)接形容詞,而根據(jù)上文分析,因?yàn)椤拔摇苯?jīng)常熬夜完成
11、作業(yè),所以會(huì)感到累(tired)或困倦(sleepy)。故填 tired/sleepy。75.Although/Though 根據(jù)上下文的描述可知,本句應(yīng)意為“雖然我知道做作業(yè)并按時(shí)上交作業(yè)很重要,但是有時(shí)我還是不想做太多的作業(yè)”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處填although/though。填入一個(gè)名詞,再根據(jù)下文“I understand that it is important todo my homework”從而可確定填 homework/schoolwork/work。76.hand聯(lián)系上下文可知,本句句意為“按時(shí)上交作業(yè)”。hand in 上交,是固定搭配。77.suchsuch as
12、 例如,是固定搭配。78.more 根據(jù)句意可知要填形容詞 much,又根據(jù)上文“The longer” 可確定此處考查的是形容詞比較級(jí)的常用句型“ the比較級(jí),the比較級(jí)”,表示“越越”。故此處應(yīng)填 more。79.without 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中缺少定語(yǔ),故這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)介詞,與 homework 一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。又根據(jù)下文“I can relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空應(yīng)填表示“沒(méi)有”作業(yè)的 without。80.me 根據(jù)句意,此處指“給我”,空格前面是 give,故空格處應(yīng)該填賓格 me。(二)2011 年廣東省初
13、中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試Li Ming is a middle school student.His 15th birthday iscoming on (71)_ 3rd.One day, Li Ming walked past theshoe shop at the street corner.Once again, he stopped to look at theshop (72)_He felt happy to see the shoes that he wantedvery much were still there.He really wanted to have (73)_for h
14、is birthday.Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry forhimself.He sadly walked away and thought (74)_ to tell hismother about it.He knew she would give him (75)_ heliked if she could.But he also knew very well she had little moneyfor that ¥ 1299-Nike Shoes.He (76)_ not to go home atonce, as he
15、didnt want to upset his mother.So he went to the parkand sat on the (77)_.There he saw a girl in a wheelchair.He noticed that the girl (78)_ the wheel with herhands.Li Ming watched her carefully and was (79)_ to findthat the girl had no feet.He looked at his own feet.“Its much(80)_ to be without sho
16、es than without feet.” hethought.There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad.Hewent away and smiled, thinking he was luckier.李明想要一雙很貴的鞋作為生日禮物,但他知道母親并沒(méi)有那么多錢,心情沮喪之余,他來(lái)到公園,見(jiàn)到一個(gè)坐著輪椅的女孩,想到自己沒(méi)有鞋子比沒(méi)有腳要好得多,于是心情豁然開朗。71.July 根據(jù)第一幅圖下方的信息可知李明生日是在 7 月3 日,故填 July。72.window 根據(jù)第二幅圖可知李明是站在商店的“櫥窗”前看鞋子,故填 win
17、dow。73.them根據(jù)上文可知李明想要這雙鞋子作為生日禮74.how 根據(jù)題干可知此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞,構(gòu)成“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu),再根據(jù)下文可知李明是不知“如何”開口,故填 how。75.anything/everything 根據(jù)句意可知如果能力允許,母親會(huì)給李明“任何東西/所有東西”。因?yàn)椴幌胱屇赣H為難,所以李明“決定”暫76.decided時(shí)不回家。物,因?yàn)樾邮菑?fù)數(shù),故用代詞 them。77.grass/ground由第三幅圖可知李明是坐在了“草地78.pushed/moved 由第四幅圖可知,女孩坐著輪椅,那么她要前進(jìn)就要用手來(lái)“推動(dòng)”輪椅。79.surprised由第四幅圖中李明的表情可知他發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩80.better 由下文中的 than 可知應(yīng)填比較級(jí)。比起沒(méi)有雙腿,沒(méi)有鞋子自然是“好得多”。上”。沒(méi)有雙腿時(shí)是“驚訝的”。