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1、UNIT7 SECTION 3 冠詞的使用一、冠詞的定義一、冠詞的定義 冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含 義。二、分類:二、分類: 英語中的冠詞有三種:一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article),另一種是不定冠詞(the Indefinite Article),還有一種是零冠詞(Zero Article)。 一)不定冠詞的用法一)不定冠詞的用法 不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是一個(gè)的意思。a用于輔音音素前,而an則用于元音音素前。 1) 表示一個(gè),意為one;指某人或某物。 a boy an apple 2) 代表一類人或物。
2、 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 詞組或成語。A LITTLE / A FEW / A LOT / A TYPE OF / A PILE / A GREAT MANY / MANY A / AS A RULE / IN A HURRY / IN A MINUTE / IN A WORD / IN A SHORT WHILE / AFTER A WHILE / HAVE A COLD / HAVE A TRY / KEEP AN EYE ON / ALL OF A SUDDEN二)定冠詞的用法二)定冠
3、詞的用法 定冠詞THE與指示代詞THIS,THAT同源,有那(這)個(gè)的意思,但較弱,可以和一個(gè)名詞連用,來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。 1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把藥吃了。 2)上文提到過的人或事: He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。 3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物, 如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich
4、富人; the living 生者。 5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only, very, same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二層。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的東西。 6)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體: They are the teachers of this school.(指全體教師) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師) 7)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前
5、: She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前: the Peoples Republic of China中華人民共和國 the United States美國 9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前:She plays the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴。 10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人: the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫婦) 11) 用在慣用語中: in the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow
6、 the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water, field, country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 三)零冠詞的用法三)零冠詞的用法 1) 國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞: England,Mary; 2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞; They are teachers. 他們是教師
7、。 3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞; Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。 4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞; Man cannot live without water.人離開水就無法生存。 5)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不加冠詞; We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。 6)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞; The guards took the American to General
8、Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國人送到李將軍那里。 7)在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast, play chess 8)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí),常省去冠詞; I cant write without pen or pencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。 9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無冠詞;by bus, by train; 10)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞;如: school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, table, class, town, church, court 等
9、個(gè)體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義; go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病 go to the hospital去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞; a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞He came first in the race. c. 在固定詞組中at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 冠詞位置 四)冠詞位置四)冠詞位置 1) 不定冠詞位置不定冠詞位置 不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意: a. 位于下列形容詞之后: such, what, many, half, I h
10、ave never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job. b. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后: It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance. c. quite, rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。 但當(dāng)rather, quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lot d. 在as, t
11、hough 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),不定冠詞放形容詞后: Brave a man though he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。 當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí),不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。 2) 定冠詞位置定冠詞位置 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all, both, double, half, twice, three times等詞之后,名詞之前。 All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。 練習(xí):練習(xí): 1
12、.Place an X where the should NOT be used.Write the word(the)where it should be used.(the )Amazon(the )Panama Canal(the ) Middle East (the ) Republic of Ireland(X)Mount Everest (X)(Mount)Fuji(the ) Andes (the ) Alps(X) Lake Superior (the ) Netherlands(X) New York (the ) Bahamas(the ) Virgin Islands (
13、X) Easter Island(the ) British Isles(the) Rhine(the ) Sea of Japan (the ) Mississippi(the ) Nile (the ) Indian Ocean(X) Sicily (the ) Bay of Naples(the ) University of AlbertaTsinghua University(X) Nanjing Road (the ) Palace Museum(the ) Hague2. Place an X where the should NOT be used.Write the word
14、(the)where it should be used.a.( )water in this well is drinkable.b. ( )history sometimes seems to repeat itself.c.Danny is recently interested in ( )history of ancient China.d.Longjing is ( )famous green tea produced in Hangzhou.e. ( )knowledge begins with ( )practice.f.This chair is made of ( )bam
15、boo.g.The top of the mountain is covered with ( )snow all the year round.Key:.a. The b.X c.the d.the e.X,X f.X g.X 3.Multiple choice 1). Alexander Graham Bell invented( )telephone in 1879. A.a B.the C.an D./ 2).She took the child by ( )hand when crossing the street. A.a B. an C. the D./ 3).Many people agree that ( )knowledge of English is ( )must in international trade today. A.a;/ B.the;an C.the;the D./;the KEY: 1).B 2).C 3).A