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1、主題型主旨歸納題主題型主旨歸納題The main idea (central idea) of the passage is.The main idea (central idea) of the passage is.The passage is mainly about.The passage is mainly about.The passage mainly discusses.The passage mainly discusses.The passage is concerned primarily about.The passage is concerned primarily
2、about.What is the discussion mainly about?What is the discussion mainly about?Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage?the main idea of the passage?Which of the following statements best expre
3、sses the main Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?idea of the passage?What is the passage/text mainly about?What is the passage/text mainly about?專題三主旨大意類專題三主旨大意類設問方式設問方式1.1.標題型主旨歸納題標題型主旨歸納題The best title for the passage might be.The best title for the passa
4、ge might be.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?of the passage?What can be a suitable title for the text?What can be a suitable title for the text?What can/might be the best title for the text/the pass
5、age?What can/might be the best title for the text/the passage?目的型主旨歸納題目的型主旨歸納題The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to.The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to.The passage is meant to.The passage is meant to.The authors purpose is to show.The authors purpose is to show.The
6、purpose of the article is to.The purpose of the article is to.What does the author want to tell us?What does the author want to tell us?What is the main purpose of the passage?What is the main purpose of the passage?2.2.3.3.考點一考點一主旨大意題主旨大意題【典例典例】 (2015(2015重慶重慶,C,C片段片段) )Join the discussion.Join the
7、 discussion.LakelanderLakelander 2 hours ago2 hours ago Today,aToday,a man talked very loud on his phone on a train man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and between Malvern and Reading,makingReading,making many passengers many passengers upset.Iupset.I wonder how he would rea
8、ct if I were to read my newspaper out wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the loud on the train.Itrain.I have never had the courage to do have never had the courage to do it,thoughit,though. .Pak50Pak50 57 minutes ago57 minutes ago Why not give it a Why not give it a
9、 try?Perhapstry?Perhaps you should take lessons on you should take lessons on a musical a musical instrument.Theinstrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn o
10、ff his radio.Whenradio.When his request was his request was refused,herefused,he took out his French took out his French horn (horn (號號) and started to ) and started to practisepractise. .Angie Angie OEdemaOEdema 42 minutes ago42 minutes ago I dont see how musical instruments can help improve I dont
11、 see how musical instruments can help improve manners in manners in public.Dontpublic.Dont do to others what you wouldnt like do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to to be done to yourself.Once,ayourself.Once,a passenger next to me talked out passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobi
12、le loud on his mobile phone.Iphone.I left my seat left my seat quietly,givingquietly,giving him him some privacy to finish his some privacy to finish his conversation.Heconversation.He realisedrealised this and this and apologisedapologised to to me.Whenme.When his phone rang again his phone rang ag
13、ain later,helater,he left his left his seat to answer seat to answer it.Youit.You see,asee,a bit of respect and cooperation bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.can do the job better.TaodasTaodas 29 minutes ago29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a I did read my newspap
14、er out loud on a train,andtrain,and it turned it turned out out well.Thewell.The guy took it in good guy took it in good part,andpart,and we chatted happily we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.all the way to Edinburgh.Sophie76Sophie76 13 minutes ago13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my
15、newspaper out loud on a I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train,but,severaltrain,but,several years years ago,Iago,I read some chapters from Harry read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy Potter to my bored and noisy children.Severalchildren.Several passengers pass
16、engers seemed to appreciate what I did.seemed to appreciate what I did.46.What is the discussion mainly about?46.What is the discussion mainly about? A.HowA.How to react to bad behavior. to react to bad behavior. B.HowB.How to kill time on a train. to kill time on a train. C.HowC.How to chat with st
17、rangers. to chat with strangers. D.HowD.How to make a phone call. to make a phone call.剖析剖析:A:A主旨大意題。本文針對一個人在火車上用手機通話時聲音太大的主旨大意題。本文針對一個人在火車上用手機通話時聲音太大的行為展開討論行為展開討論, ,主要討論面對不良行為人們應該做出什么反應。主要討論面對不良行為人們應該做出什么反應。bad bad behaviorbehavior與與talked very loudtalked very loud對應對應, ,LakelanderLakelander發(fā)帖中的發(fā)帖中
18、的reactreact在在A A項中再項中再次出現(xiàn)。次出現(xiàn)。名師在線名師在線 主題句是文章的核心主題句是文章的核心, ,它往往是一個有很強概括性和代表它往往是一個有很強概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主題句性的句子。找到了文章的主題句, ,文章的中心思想也就顯而易見了。文章的中心思想也就顯而易見了。1.1.主題句位于首段主題句位于首段: :其特點是開門見山地提出論點其特點是開門見山地提出論點, ,再分別說明。再分別說明。2.2.主題句位于尾段主題句位于尾段: :其特點是歸納式其特點是歸納式, ,即細節(jié)在前即細節(jié)在前, ,概括在后。概括在后。3.3.主題句主題句, ,位于中間段落位于中間段落:
19、 :其特點是引出話題其特點是引出話題論述主題論述主題解釋。了解這解釋。了解這 一特點有利于考生根據(jù)文章開頭和結尾的內容進行綜合推理。一特點有利于考生根據(jù)文章開頭和結尾的內容進行綜合推理。 若文章無主題句若文章無主題句, ,考生可以依據(jù)文中的事實、細節(jié)、觀點考生可以依據(jù)文中的事實、細節(jié)、觀點, ,歸納出文章歸納出文章 的主題。的主題。4.4.主題句通常具有下面一些特征主題句通常具有下面一些特征: : (1) (1)舉例子的句子不是主題句舉例子的句子不是主題句, ,前后句可能是主題句。前后句可能是主題句。 (2)(2)問句不是主題句問句不是主題句, ,回答句可能是主題句?；卮鹁淇赡苁侵黝}句。 (3
20、)(3)首段轉折處常為文章的主題句。首段轉折處常為文章的主題句。 (4)(4)主題句常包含文章的主題詞。主題句常包含文章的主題詞。(5)(5)主題句常包含主次之分的表達主題句常包含主次之分的表達(A rather than B(A rather than B等等) )。(6)(6)主題句常包含時間提示詞主題句常包含時間提示詞( (recently,todayrecently,today等等) )。(7)(7)定義型的句子定義型的句子(be called (be called as,beas,be known known as,is,areas,is,are等等) )。(8)(8)強調型的句子強
21、調型的句子( (stress,focusstress,focus等等) )。(9)(9)總結型的句子總結型的句子(research (research indicates,studyindicates,study suggests suggests等等) )?？键c二考點二文章標題題文章標題題【典例典例】 (2015 (2015新課標全國新課標全國,B,B片段片段) ) Your house may have an effect on your Your house may have an effect on your figure.Expertsfigure.Experts say the w
22、ay say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them pounds or keep them off.Youoff.You can make your environment work for you can make your environment work for you instead of against i
23、nstead of against you.Hereyou.Here are some ways to turn your home into part are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.of your diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Darklights.Dark environments are more environments are more likely to
24、 encourage likely to encourage overeating,forovereating,for people are often less self- people are often less self-conscious(conscious(難為情難為情) when theyre in poorly lit places-and so more likely ) when theyre in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of to eat lots of food.Iffood.If your h
25、ome doesnt have enough window your home doesnt have enough window light,getlight,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the Mind the colors.Researchcolors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In
26、appetites.In one one study,peoplestudy,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red those in a yellow or red room.Warmroom.Warm colors like yellow make food appear colors like yellow make food ap
27、pear more more appetizing,whileappetizing,while cold colors make us feel less cold colors make us feel less hungry.Sohungry.So when when its time to its time to repaint,gorepaint,go blue. blue. Dont forget the clock-or the Dont forget the clock-or the radio.Peopleradio.People who eat slowly who eat
28、slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里卡路里) per meal than ) per meal than those who rush through their those who rush through their meals.Beginmeals.Begin keeping track of the keeping track of the time,andtime,and try to make dinner last at least
29、30 try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.Andminutes.And while while youre at youre at it,actuallyit,actually sit down to sit down to eat.Ifeat.If you need some help you need some help slowing slowing down,turndown,turn on relaxing on relaxing music.Itmusic.It makes you less likely to makes you
30、 less likely to rush through a meal.rush through a meal. Downsize the Downsize the dishes.Bigdishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily serving bowls and plates can easily make us make us fat.Wefat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch p
31、late instead of a 10-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.Whenplate.When we choose a large spoon we choose a large spoon over a smaller over a smaller one,totalone,total intake( intake(攝入攝入) jumps by 14 ) jumps by 14 percent.Andpercent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a well pour abo
32、ut 30 percent more liquid into a short,wideshort,wide glass glass than a than a tall,skinnytall,skinny glass. glass.8.What can be a suitable title for the text?8.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.IsA.Is Your House Making You Fat? Your House Making You Fat? B.WaysB.Ways of Serving Dinner o
33、f Serving Dinner C.EffectsC.Effects of Self-Consciousness of Self-Consciousness D.IsD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? Your Home Environment Relaxing?剖析剖析:A:A標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了墻壁的顏色、房間的亮度、吃飯的速標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了墻壁的顏色、房間的亮度、吃飯的速度以及吃飯時使用的器皿大小等都與一個人的身材有關。因此度以及吃飯時使用的器皿大小等都與一個人的身材有關。因此A A項項“你的房你的房子正讓你發(fā)胖嗎子正讓你發(fā)胖嗎?”
34、?”最適合做文章標題。最適合做文章標題。B B項項“提供正餐的方式提供正餐的方式”,C,C項項 “ “自自我意識的作用我意識的作用”,D,D項項“你家的環(huán)境令人放松嗎你家的環(huán)境令人放松嗎?”,?”,均與本文的主題不符。均與本文的主題不符。名師在線名師在線1.1.標題特征標題特征 (1)(1)概括性。概括性。文章的標題能最大程度地概括全文文章的標題能最大程度地概括全文, ,直接指向文章的主直接指向文章的主 要內容要內容, ,體現(xiàn)文章主旨。體現(xiàn)文章主旨。 (2)(2)醒目性。醒目性。標題要能吸引讀者的注意力標題要能吸引讀者的注意力, ,喚起讀者對文章的閱讀興喚起讀者對文章的閱讀興 趣。標題是文章的
35、點睛之筆趣。標題是文章的點睛之筆, ,是文章的靈魂是文章的靈魂, ,要簡潔、突出、新要簡潔、突出、新 穎。標題的好壞往往影響讀者閱讀的興趣。讀者一般會通過閱讀穎。標題的好壞往往影響讀者閱讀的興趣。讀者一般會通過閱讀 標題來取舍文章標題來取舍文章, ,故標題要醒目故標題要醒目, ,以吸引讀者的注意力。以吸引讀者的注意力。2.2.標題的歸納方式標題的歸納方式 要做好標題歸納題要做好標題歸納題, ,還需要了解標題的歸納方式。一般來說還需要了解標題的歸納方式。一般來說, ,標題的標題的 歸納方式是歸納方式是: :以話題為核心以話題為核心, ,將控制性概念的詞按一定的語法原則濃將控制性概念的詞按一定的語
36、法原則濃 縮為概括主題句句意或中心思想的詞組。縮為概括主題句句意或中心思想的詞組。 比如某文章的中心句子為比如某文章的中心句子為:Coffee is a universal beverage that :Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world. is served in different ways around the world.話題話題:Coffee:Coffee控制性概念控制性概念:is a universal beverage that is served in
37、:is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the worlddifferent ways around the world標題標題:Coffee Around the World:Coffee Around the World注意注意, ,做此類題時做此類題時, ,要避免下列三種錯誤要避免下列三種錯誤: :(1)(1)概括不夠概括不夠( (多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體, ,從而導致范圍太小從而導致范圍太小););(2)(2)過度概括過度概括( (多表現(xiàn)為人為擴大范圍多表現(xiàn)為人為擴大范圍););(
38、3)(3)以事實、細節(jié)替代文章大意。以事實、細節(jié)替代文章大意?？键c三考點三寫作目的題寫作目的題【典例典例】 (2015 (2015重慶重慶,B,B片段片段) ) In ancient In ancient Egypt,aEgypt,a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its customers to his shop simply by making c
39、hanges to its environment.Modernenvironment.Modern businesses have been following his businesses have been following his lead,withlead,with more more tactics (tactics (策略策略).). One tactic involves where to display the One tactic involves where to display the goods.Forgoods.For example,storesexample,
40、stores place fruits and vegetables in the first place fruits and vegetables in the first section.Theysection.They know that know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food (w
41、ill buy more junk food (垃圾食品垃圾食品) later in their ) later in their trip.Intrip.In department department stores,thestores,the womens shoe section is generally next to the womens womens shoe section is generally next to the womens cosmetics (cosmetics (化妝品化妝品) ) section:whilesection:while the shop assi
42、stant is going back to the shop assistant is going back to find the right size find the right size shoe,boredshoe,bored customers are likely to wander over and customers are likely to wander over and find some cosmetics they might want to try later.find some cosmetics they might want to try later. B
43、esides,businessesBesides,businesses seek to appeal to customers seek to appeal to customers senses.Storessenses.Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping,soshopping,so they make they make their own bread each morning and then fan
44、the bread smell into the their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the store throughout the day.Musicday.Music sells sells goods,too.Researchersgoods,too.Researchers in Britain in Britain found that when French music was found that when French music was play
45、ed,salesplayed,sales of French wines went up. of French wines went up. When it comes to the selling of When it comes to the selling of houses,businesseshouses,businesses also use also use highly rewarding highly rewarding tactics.Theytactics.They find that customers make decisions find that customer
46、s make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the in the first few seconds upon walking in the door,anddoor,and turn it turn it into a business into a business opportunity.Aopportunity.A California builder designed the California builder designed the structure of its houses structure of
47、its houses smartly.Whensmartly.When entering the entering the house,thehouse,the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows,andwindows,and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower then the pool through an open stairway
48、 leading to the lower level.Thelevel.The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.$10 million houses.43.What is the main purpose of the passage?43.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.ToA.To explain how bus
49、inesses turn people into their customers. explain how businesses turn people into their customers. B.ToB.To introduce how businesses have grown from the past. introduce how businesses have grown from the past. C.ToC.To report researches on customer behavior. report researches on customer behavior. D
50、.ToD.To show dishonest business practices. show dishonest business practices.剖析剖析:A:A目的意圖題。文章的第一段就點明了主題。本文主要介紹的是目的意圖題。文章的第一段就點明了主題。本文主要介紹的是商家是通過哪些手段把人們變成顧客的。因此答案選商家是通過哪些手段把人們變成顧客的。因此答案選A A。文章雖然提到了。文章雖然提到了古埃及古埃及, ,但并不是介紹商家是如何從過去發(fā)展而來的但并不是介紹商家是如何從過去發(fā)展而來的, ,因此因此B B項不對項不對; ;文章文章主要聚焦在商家的一些做法上主要聚焦在商家的一些做法上
51、, ,因此因此C C項有誤項有誤;D;D項的項的dishonestdishonest一詞與全文一詞與全文的基調不一致的基調不一致, ,文章只是客觀介紹文章只是客觀介紹, ,并沒有暗示商家不誠實。并沒有暗示商家不誠實。名師在線名師在線 每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的, ,而這些信息通常并不是而這些信息通常并不是明確表達出來的明確表達出來的, ,而是隱含在文章之中。因此而是隱含在文章之中。因此, ,這類問題要求學生在理解文這類問題要求學生在理解文章總體內容的基礎上章總體內容的基礎上, ,去領會作者的言外之意。不同的文章可能有不同的去領會作者的言外之意。不同的文章可能有
52、不同的寫作目的寫作目的, ,但寫作目的通常有以下三種但寫作目的通常有以下三種:(1)to entertain readers(:(1)to entertain readers(娛樂讀娛樂讀者者, ,讓人發(fā)笑讓人發(fā)笑);(2)to persuade readers();(2)to persuade readers(說服讀者接受某種觀點說服讀者接受某種觀點);(3)to );(3)to inform readers(inform readers(告知讀者某些信息告知讀者某些信息) )考點四考點四段落大意題段落大意題【典例典例】 (2015 (2015四川四川,C,C片段片段) ) The stud
53、y shows mothers matter all year long and not just on The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mothers Mothers Day.TheDay.The emotional,physicalemotional,physical and mental energy mothers and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-devote to their children can
54、 be never-ending,butending,but children are children are also sources of great joy and also sources of great joy and happiness.Investinghappiness.Investing( (投入投入)in time )in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.
55、40.What is stressed in the last paragraph?40.What is stressed in the last paragraph? A.MothersA.Mothers importance shows in family all year long. importance shows in family all year long. B.TheB.The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile. sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile. C.M
56、othersC.Mothers devotion to children can hardly be calculated. devotion to children can hardly be calculated. D.InvestingD.Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return. time in parenting would bring a financial return.剖析剖析:B:B段落大意題。根據(jù)段落大意題。根據(jù)The The emotional,physicalemotional,physical
57、 and mental energy and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-mothers devote to their children can be never-ending,butending,but children are also sources of great joy and children are also sources of great joy and happiness.Investinghappiness.Investing ( (投入投入) in time for pare
58、nting and raising relationships is money ) in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.well spent.可以得知可以得知, ,母親們對孩子的付出是無止境的母親們對孩子的付出是無止境的, ,但是孩子也是母但是孩子也是母親們快樂和幸福的源泉親們快樂和幸福的源泉, ,因此母親們的犧牲雖然巨大因此母親們的犧牲雖然巨大, ,但是值得但是值得, ,故正確答故正確答案為案為B B項。項。名師在線名師在線 段落大意即某一段的中心思想段落大意即某一段的中心思想, ,一般體現(xiàn)
59、在某個句子一般體現(xiàn)在某個句子( (即主即主題句題句) )中中, ,主題句具有明顯的概括性主題句具有明顯的概括性, ,句子結構簡單句子結構簡單, ,段落中其他句子均用來段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴展主題句所表述的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首解釋、支撐或擴展主題句所表述的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首, ,但也但也可位于段尾、段中或者段首段尾前后呼應。把握好段落的主題句是解答此可位于段尾、段中或者段首段尾前后呼應。把握好段落的主題句是解答此類題的關鍵。類題的關鍵。對點訓練對點訓練( (A A) ) (2015(2015福建福建,E),E) Group exercise is one of th
60、e most effective ways to improve physical fitness and Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(sustain(保持保持)a healthy )a healthy lifestyle.Grouplifestyle.Group exercise is exercise is challenging,yetchallenging,yet fun and fun and empowering!Ofempoweri
61、ng!Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However,studiesbody.However,studies have shown that when exercise is performed in have shown that when exercise is performed in groups,itsgroups,its not not only great for improving phy
62、sical health but for psychological only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.Itshealth.Its an an opportunity to be opportunity to be social,releasesocial,release endorphins( endorphins(內啡肽內啡肽),and improve your ),and improve your strength.Additionally,groupstrength.Additio
63、nally,group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work goal motivates participants to work hard.Thehard.The instrumental support of taking on a instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey
64、 with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants
65、 receive from the participants receive from the instructor.Manyinstructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel people fear the gym because they feel lost and dont want to embarrass lost and dont want to embarrass themselves.Ifthemselves.If you feel you can you feel you can relate,thenrelate,th
66、en group group training is an even better option for training is an even better option for you.Itsyou.Its a great opportunity to learn more a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(監(jiān)管監(jiān)管)of a fitness )of a fitness instructor.Ifinstructor.If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored,youbored,
高考英語二輪復習 第三部分 閱讀理解 專題三 主旨大意類課件
