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1、 第一輪復習第一輪復習 語法專題語法專題專題十三專題十三 句子成分和句子分類句子成分和句子分類考考 點點 梳梳 理理中中 考考 鏈鏈 接接廣廣 東東 真真 題題考考 點點 精精 練練 廣東真題廣東真題( ) 1. - So far, Su Binglan is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds. - _ he runs! (2015廣東) A. How slow B. How fast C. What a slow D. What a fast B 廣東真題廣東真題( ) 2. Do
2、 you know Wang Feng? He can remember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes. Yes. _ man he is! (2014廣東) A. What a smart B. How smart C. What a stupid D. How stupid( ) 3. _is it from the village to your farm? About 10 minutes walk. (2013廣東) A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How farDA( ) 4. Mo Ya
3、n won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year. _ excellent he is! (2013廣東) A. How B. What C. What a D. What an( ) 5. You havent been to the West Lake, have you? _. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation. (2012廣東) A. No, I havent B. No, I didnt C. Yes, I have D. yes, I didA 廣東真題廣東真
4、題A( ) 6. Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, _? No. She got up too late. (2011廣東) A. had she B. hadnt she C. did she D. didnt she( ) 7. _ will you come back ? In an hour. (2010廣東) A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How long( ) 8. The boy has a new MP4, _? (2010廣東) A. doesnt he B. isnt
5、he C. does he D. is heCA 廣東真題廣東真題A 句子是具有一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu),表達一個獨立完整意義的語言單位。一、 句子的成分。句子一般可以分為幾個部分,每一個部分在句子中具有一定的功能,稱為句子的成分。句子的成分有主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。1. 主語是一個句子的主體,是句子所要說明的人或物,是動作的發(fā)出者。主語的位置一般在句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、句子都能作主語。He works in a big company.Doing more exercises is good for our health.考點梳理考點梳理2. 謂語動詞說明主語的動作與
6、狀態(tài)(說明主語做什么、是什么或怎么樣),一般在主語之后。謂語動詞要用各種時態(tài)。 They are dancing.3. 表語放在連系動詞之后,說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)。 The dish tastes good.4. 賓語表示動作的對象,是主語動作的承受者,放在及物動詞或介詞后。名詞、代詞(賓格)、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、句子都能作賓語。 I am writing a letter.5. 定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞。除了形容詞可做定語外,名詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、句子都能作定語。I have some exciting news to tell you.Peopl
7、e who steal things are called thieves.6. 狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,表示時間、地點、原因、方式、程度等。作狀語的有副詞或相當于副詞的短語和從句。The Great Wall is popular in the world. 二、二、 句子的分類。句子的分類。1. 句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。(1) 簡單句只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語動詞(或并列謂語動詞)。簡單句的五種句型:A. 主語 + 不及物動詞(主、謂結(jié)構(gòu)) He is working.B. 主語+ 及物動詞 + 賓語(主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu))We learn English e
8、very day. C. 主語+ 連系動詞 + 表語(主、系、表結(jié)構(gòu)) Trees turn green.常見的連系動詞有:be ;become ;get ;turn ;feel ;look(看起來);smell(聞起來);sound(聽起來);taste(嘗起來);seem(似乎)。 特別注意:形容詞常作表語。 D. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語(人)+ 直接賓語(物)=主語+ 及物動詞 + 直接賓語(物)+ to / for + 間接賓語(人)常用的此類動詞有:give ;pass ;show ;lend ;buy等,但buy與for連用。I gave him a book. = I
9、gave a book to him.My mother bought me a pen yesterday. = My mother bought a pen for me. E. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語 注意作賓補的詞:1)名詞 2)形容詞;3)不定式;4)動詞的ing 形式。 We call him Jim. We must keep the window open. He told me to wash the plates. I saw a thief going into your room.(2) 并列句由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 I l
10、earn English and he learns French. (3) 復合句中含有一個或一個以上的從句。初中階段主要考察賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句。 It was raining hard when I got home yesterday.2. 句子按功能分可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句用來說明一件事實或表達一種看法;疑問句用來提出問題;祈使句用來發(fā)出請求或命令;感嘆句用來表達強烈的感情。 考點一:陳述句考點一:陳述句 陳述句是用來敘述一個事實,表達一種觀點的句子。它有肯定和否定兩種形式。陳述句的否定式:1. 如果謂語動詞是be,或有助動詞和情態(tài)動詞時,在它們后面加n
11、ot構(gòu)成否定句。2. 如果謂語動詞是行為動詞而又沒有助動詞和情態(tài)動詞時,在謂語動詞前加do/does/did再加not構(gòu)成否定句。 3. 其他否定詞如no,never等也構(gòu)成陳述句的否定式。 He doesnt like this. I dont want to do that. She isnt a student. He has no brothers or sisters. 考點二:疑問句考點二:疑問句用來提出問題或表示疑問的句子就叫疑問句。這類句子的形式比較多,中學階段常見的有一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。1. 一般疑問句一般疑問句是用來表示某人或某物是否屬實,并且要
12、用yes或no來回答的疑問句。這種疑問句朗讀時要用升調(diào)。其語序一般要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如: Are you an engineer? Yes,I am或No,I am not. 2. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句以疑問代詞(who,whom,whose,what,which等)和疑問副詞(when,where,why,how等)開頭的疑問句就叫特殊疑問句。這種疑問句朗讀時用降調(diào)。其答語是陳述句。 When did he fly to America? Next Monday.3. 選擇疑問句選擇疑問句在句中提供的兩個或多個答案中選擇一個作回答的疑問句,就叫做選擇疑問句。朗讀時前面的一個或多個選擇用升調(diào),最后
13、一個選擇用降調(diào)。這種疑問句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種情況:即一般疑問句和特殊疑問句再加上供選擇的兩個或多個部分。但不管用哪種形式,都要按實際情況來回答。一般不用yes或no來回答。 Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball? I enjoy playing volleyball. Which floor do you live on,the 15th floor or the 21st floor? On the 21st floor. B 考點再現(xiàn)考點再現(xiàn)考點再現(xiàn) ( ) 1. Lets go to the cinema to see a film, ?
14、A. will you B. shall we C. wont you D. dont you( ) 2. - ? -The one behind the tree. A. Whose girl B. Whos that girl C. Which girl D. Wheres the girl( ) 3. - is your husband? - A cook. He works in a restaurant near our home. A. What B. Where C. How D. WhichC A 考點三:祈使句考點三:祈使句 表示請求、命令、禁止、勸告或建議的句子叫祈使句。1
15、.肯定祈使句。祈使句的主語通常是第二人稱,往往省略。后可加please,表示強調(diào)或加強勸說語氣。 Stop talking! Come here in time! 其否定在謂語動詞前加Dont或Never. Dont talk in class. Never leave todays work for tomorrow. 2. 以Lets 開頭的祈使句。 Lets go together. Let him go first. 其否定式是在let 前Dont或在不定式前加not. Dont let him go first. Let him not go first.3. 動詞do開頭的祈使句,
16、在句中起加強語氣的作用,譯成“一定,務必”。 Do come to see me if you have time.4. 以No開頭的祈使句,No +n./ doing sth.,一般用于警示,標志等。 No smoking! 禁止吸煙 No fishing! 禁止釣魚 No photos! 禁止拍照 B考點再現(xiàn)考點再現(xiàn)考點再現(xiàn)( ) 4. - Look at the sign, what does it mean? - It means “_ ”. A. Dont talking B. No talking C. Not talk D. Not talking考點四:感嘆句考點四:感嘆句含有
17、表示情緒色彩的詞的句子叫感嘆句。感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)通常有三種形式:(1)what引導的感嘆句,強調(diào)句中的名詞;(2)how引導的感嘆句、強調(diào)句中的形容詞或副詞;(3)由感情色彩的單詞或詞組構(gòu)成的感嘆句。 1. What引導的感嘆句。What+a/an+adj.+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)?。ㄓ袝r主謂可省略)What+ adj.+不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)名詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)!What a hot day it is!What good advice the teacher gave us!What tall buildings they are! 2. How引導的感嘆句。How+adj./adv.+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)! Ho
18、w+ adj. + a/an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)! How interesting the book is! How hard they are working! AA考點再現(xiàn)考點再現(xiàn)考點再現(xiàn)( ) 5. nice weather it is ! Lets play football. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a( ) 6. - clever the girl is! - So she is. A. How B. What C. What a D. How a1-5 BABAB 6-10 CBDDD11-15 DDBCA 16-20 ACACC 中考鏈接中考鏈接 1-5 CAAAB 6-10 ABBDD 11-15 DAADA 16-20 AABAC 考點精練考點精練