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1、13.1.313.1.313.1.3 1.同底數(shù)冪相乘的性質(zhì)是同底數(shù)冪相乘的性質(zhì)是 同底數(shù)冪相乘,同底數(shù)冪相乘,底數(shù)底數(shù)不不變,變,指數(shù)指數(shù)相加。相加。 用式子表示為用式子表示為am an=am+n (m,n都是正整數(shù)都是正整數(shù)) 2.冪的乘方的性質(zhì)是冪的乘方的性質(zhì)是冪的乘方,冪的乘方,底數(shù)底數(shù)不變,不變,指數(shù)指數(shù)相乘相乘。 用式子表示為用式子表示為(am ) n=amn (m,n都是正整數(shù)都是正整數(shù))3.(口答)計(jì)算:(口答)計(jì)算:(1)( )3221 (2) (-1)35 (3)(104)2 (4)104102 = 641= -1= 108= 106 (8) (-a)52 (6)x3 x
2、3 (7)x3+ x 3 (5)(x3)3 (9) (-a)35 = x9= x6= 2x3= a10= -a154.計(jì)算:計(jì)算: (3) (x-y)32 (1)(x2)4 + x3 x 5 (4) (x-y)2 (y-x)33 = x8= x6=(x-y)6 (2)(x2)3 x2 x 3 x6 =(y-x)53 + x8= 2x8- x5- x6= -x5=(y-x)15 5.指出下列各冪的底數(shù)和指出下列各冪的底數(shù)和 (ab)3 ; 指數(shù)指數(shù),并用語(yǔ)言敘述下列并用語(yǔ)言敘述下列各式:各式: (ab)4 。 ababab3a與與b的積的的積的3次方次方 (ab)3的底數(shù)是的底數(shù)是 ,指數(shù)是指數(shù)
3、是 ; 語(yǔ)言敘述為語(yǔ)言敘述為5.指出下列各冪的底數(shù)和指出下列各冪的底數(shù)和 (ab)3 ; 指數(shù)指數(shù),并用語(yǔ)言敘述下列并用語(yǔ)言敘述下列各式:各式: (ab)4 。 ababab4a與與b的積的的積的4次方次方 (ab)4的底數(shù)是的底數(shù)是 ,指數(shù)是指數(shù)是 ; 語(yǔ)言敘述為語(yǔ)言敘述為 (ab)3 (ab)4 積的乘方積的乘方 (ab)3 (ab)4 = (ab) (ab)(ab) = (aaa)(bbb) = a3b3= a4b4計(jì)算:計(jì)算:(ab)n=(n是正整數(shù)是正整數(shù))你能說明你的猜想的你能說明你的猜想的正確性嗎?正確性嗎?由由 (ab)3 = a3b3 (ab)4 = a4b4 anbn從左到
4、右的變化從左到右的變化(其中其中n是正整數(shù)是正整數(shù))(ab)nn= a bnn= (ab) (ab) (ab) ( )個(gè)個(gè)( )個(gè)個(gè)( )個(gè)個(gè)= (aa a) (bb b)nn(n是正整數(shù)是正整數(shù))(ab)n=anbn請(qǐng)用語(yǔ)言敘述積的乘方的請(qǐng)用語(yǔ)言敘述積的乘方的性質(zhì):性質(zhì): 積的乘方,等于把積的積的乘方,等于把積的每一個(gè)因式分別每一個(gè)因式分別 ,再,再把所得的冪把所得的冪 。乘方乘方相乘相乘(n是正整數(shù)是正整數(shù))(abc)n=anbncn例例1.計(jì)算:計(jì)算: (1)(xy)5 (2)(-2a)3 (3)( ab)421 =x5y5=(-2)3 a3=-8a321 =( )4 a4 b4= a4
5、b4161例例2.計(jì)算:計(jì)算: (1)(ab2)3 (2)(3a2b3)3 (3)-( x3y2)232 解解:(1)(ab2)3=a3(b2)3=a3b6 (2)(3a2b3)3= 33 (a2)3 (b3)3= 27a6b9 (3)-( x3y2)232 32 = -( )2 (x3)2 (y2)2= x6y494 例例3.計(jì)算:計(jì)算: (1)(-2a2b)3 (-2a2b)2 (2)(3a3b3)2 - (2a2b2)3 解解:(1)(-2a2b)3 (-2a2b)2 = (-2a2b)5 = -32a10b5 (2)(3a3b3)2 - (2a2b2)3 =9a6b6 - 8a6b6=
6、a6b61.(口答)計(jì)算:口答)計(jì)算:(1) (3x)3(2) (-ab)5=27x3=-a5b5 (3)( xy)421 = x4y4161(4) (-2m)4= 16m4(5) (3st)2= 9s2t2(6) ( mn)323= m3n38272.計(jì)算:計(jì)算:(1)(xy2)3(2)(-a2b)4(3)(-0.5a2b3)2(4)(-2x2)3 (-2x2)2(5)(2 102)3(6)(-b2 b b3)23.下面計(jì)算對(duì)不對(duì)?如果不對(duì),下面計(jì)算對(duì)不對(duì)?如果不對(duì),應(yīng)怎樣改正?應(yīng)怎樣改正?(1)(ab3)2 = ab6( ) (2)(-a2b3)5 = a10b15(3)(3a3b2) 3 = 9a9b6(4)(a+b)2 = a2+b2( ) ( ) ( ) (1)(ab3)2 = ab6( ) ( ) (ab3)2 = a2b6(2)(-a2b3)5 = a10b15(-a2b3)5 = -a10b15 (3)(3a3b2) 3 = 9a9b6( ) (3a3b2) 3 = 27a9b6 ( ) (4)(a+b)2 = a2+b2(a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2 (a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2 5.計(jì)算:計(jì)算:(1)410 0.2510(3)410 0.2511(2) 5 5)312()73(看誰(shuí)本領(lǐng)大!看誰(shuí)本領(lǐng)大!