高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣

上傳人:英*** 文檔編號(hào):56745163 上傳時(shí)間:2022-02-22 格式:DOCX 頁(yè)數(shù):24 大?。?3.36KB
收藏 版權(quán)申訴 舉報(bào) 下載
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣_第1頁(yè)
第1頁(yè) / 共24頁(yè)
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣_第2頁(yè)
第2頁(yè) / 共24頁(yè)
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣_第3頁(yè)
第3頁(yè) / 共24頁(yè)

下載文檔到電腦,查找使用更方便

20 積分

下載資源

還剩頁(yè)未讀,繼續(xù)閱讀

資源描述:

《高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣(24頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案 專題七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 【專題要點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn)概覽如下: 1.can和could的用法及區(qū)別; 2.may和might的用法; 3.must的用法; 4.shall用于不同人稱時(shí)的用法; 5.should表示推測(cè)時(shí)的用法; 6.will和would表示意愿、習(xí)慣和傾向性時(shí)的用法; 7.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”的用法; 8.表示建議、命令、要求的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法; 9.一些固定句式或結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法; 10.一些隱含、混合情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 【考綱要求】對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考綱要求學(xué)生要掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和辨析

2、。最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語(yǔ)境來(lái)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別,因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法復(fù)雜多變,在高考試題中,命題者常常利用語(yǔ)境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來(lái)考查學(xué)生對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的理解和掌握。對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外,還要充分利用高考試題所設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。對(duì)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣考綱要求考生要掌握基本情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法、在各種句式、隱含、混合等句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法,根據(jù)考綱的要求,虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中、在名詞性從句中、在簡(jiǎn)單句中或在日常交際中的使用等基本用法。因此依據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判

3、斷虛擬語(yǔ)氣的不同形式是高考試題的主要設(shè)題方法之一。在近年的高考試題中,出現(xiàn)了對(duì)陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣辨析的考查,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句中的應(yīng)用是該部分的重點(diǎn)掌握內(nèi)容。 【教法指引】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是高考的重要考點(diǎn),看似簡(jiǎn)單,但用法相近、復(fù)雜,學(xué)生學(xué)起來(lái)有時(shí)區(qū)分不開(kāi)。首先教師應(yīng)該讓考生準(zhǔn)確掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法,然后對(duì)于相近意義的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行比較,尤其是表示推測(cè)的一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中運(yùn)用,讓學(xué)生在辨析中學(xué),在訓(xùn)練中體驗(yàn)、理解、掌握,要注重和語(yǔ)境結(jié)合和說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣結(jié)合;其次再掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的固定句式和固定用法即可;虛擬語(yǔ)氣是高考考查的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,雖然不是每套題都涉及,但在近幾年的考題中也有不少出現(xiàn)。由于

4、漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有這種語(yǔ)法情況,對(duì)于以漢語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的我們來(lái)說(shuō)有很大的理解難度。命題者在試題的有效信息方面越來(lái)越隱蔽,情景越來(lái)越生動(dòng),真實(shí),考查的角度也越來(lái)越靈活。要掌握好這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,要求考生:1. 熟記并掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用規(guī)則;2. 熟練掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的使用;3. 掌握一些特殊句型中要運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的具體規(guī)則。 【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 ?? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必須”或“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等之意。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,必須和不帶to的不定式連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。只有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought要和帶

5、to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用,在句中作謂語(yǔ)用。將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前即構(gòu)成其疑問(wèn)式,在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后加not既構(gòu)成其否定式?,F(xiàn)將各情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法分述如下: 1、can和could (could為can的過(guò)去式) 的基本用法 (1)表示能力,如:He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中表示“懷疑”、“猜測(cè)”或“可能性”,如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“許可”時(shí)can可以和may換用,如:You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn),可用co

6、uld代替can,這時(shí)could不再是can的過(guò)去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力,兩者在意思上沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。但是can只能有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式,而be able to則有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do the work better. 2、may和might (might為may的過(guò)去式)的基本用法 (1)表示允許或征詢對(duì)方許可 ,有“可以”之意,如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答對(duì)方說(shuō)“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”時(shí),一般多不用may或 may

7、not,以避免語(yǔ)氣生硬或不容氣。而用比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的說(shuō)法進(jìn)行回答。如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可時(shí),如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”對(duì)方做某事時(shí),要用must not代替may not,如:---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous. (2)

8、may或 might都可以表示可能性,表示“或許”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,則語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定,如:They may (might) be in the library now . 3、must的基本用法 (1)must表示“必須”、“應(yīng)該”之意,其否定式 must not,縮寫(xiě)形式為 mustn't,表示“不應(yīng)該”,“不準(zhǔn)”、“不許可”或“禁止”之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)對(duì)以must提出的疑問(wèn)句,如作否定回答時(shí),要用needn'

9、t或用don't (doesn't) have to (不必)來(lái)回答,而不用mustn't,因?yàn)閙ustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不許可”之意,如:---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish?? it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推測(cè),表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his fa

10、ther has just bought him a new one. 4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法 (1)can, could后接完成式的用法:①在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的“懷疑”或“不肯定”的態(tài)度,Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中,可以表示過(guò)去可能做到而實(shí)際并沒(méi)做到的事情,有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語(yǔ)氣。 如:---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered i

11、t earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法①表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè),認(rèn)為某一件事情在過(guò)去可能發(fā)生了。如果使用might,語(yǔ)氣就比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或更加不肯定,如:Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示過(guò)去本來(lái)可以做到而實(shí)際沒(méi)有做到的事情,有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語(yǔ)氣,如:You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法:表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè),認(rèn)為某事在過(guò)去一定做到了,如:Liu

12、 Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library. 5、have to 的基本用法:have to和must的意義相近,只是 must側(cè)重表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法,而have to 則表示客觀需要,如:I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.??????????????????????????????????????????????? 6、ought to的基本用法 (l)表示根據(jù)某種義務(wù)或必要“應(yīng)當(dāng)”做某事,語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng),例如:

13、Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推測(cè),注意與must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別:He must be home by now .(斷定他已到家),He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定),This is where the oil must be.(比較直率) ,This is where the oil ought to be. (比較含蓄) ;(3)“ought + have+ 過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。例如:You ought to have helped him. (but you

14、 didn’t) 這時(shí),ought與 should可以互相換用。注意,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中ought to 用于否定和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)to可以省略。例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much. 7、dare的基本用法 (l)dare (dared為其過(guò)去式) 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),主要用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句和條件從句中,如:Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中dare常用作行為動(dòng)詞,其變化與一般行為動(dòng)詞相同,如:She dares to stay at home alone a

15、t night. 8、need的基本用法 (1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,如:He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作為行為動(dòng)詞用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式為其賓語(yǔ)。如:You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示過(guò)去做了一件本來(lái)不必要做的事情,如:---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But

16、you needn’t have answered it. 9、shall的基本用法 (1)shall用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),用于第二、三人稱,表示說(shuō)活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“強(qiáng)制”、“威脅”或“允諾”等意,如:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑問(wèn)句中,shall用于第一、三人稱,表示說(shuō)話人的征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示,如:Shall I open the door? 10、should的基本用法 (1)should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示“建議”或“勸告”,有“應(yīng)該”之意,如:You should learn fro

17、m each other. (2)should后接完成式表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有做到本來(lái)應(yīng)該做的事情,或是做了本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做的事情。如:You should have give him more help. 11、will的基本用法 (1)用于各人稱,可以表示“意志”或“決心”,如:I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱,表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿,如:Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital G

18、ymnasium? (3)will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,有“總是”或“會(huì)要”之意,如:Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 12、would的基本用法 (1)would作為will的過(guò)去式,可用于各人稱,表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的“意志”或“決心”,如:He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑問(wèn)句中,用于第二人稱,表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或許問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿時(shí),比用will的氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn),如:Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中,學(xué)用“

19、I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn),如:I would like to do Ex.2 first. (4)would可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作,比used to正式,并沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。如:Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想,如:It would be about ten when

20、 he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it. 13、used to, had better, would rather的用法 (1)used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在,在間接引語(yǔ)中,其形式可不變,例如:He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定疑問(wèn)句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,可有兩種形式。疑問(wèn)句:Did you use to/ Used you to go to

21、 the same school as your brother? 否定句:I usedn’t to / didn’t use to go there. (usedn’t 也可寫(xiě)作usen’t);否定疑問(wèn)句:Usen’t you to/ Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句:I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.;其反意疑問(wèn)句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中,也有兩種形式:She used to be very fat. didn’t she?/ use(

22、d)n’t she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to. (2)had better意為“最好”,后接不帶to的不定式,例如:---- We had better go now . ---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)/ I think I’d bette

23、r be going. (用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表“最好立即”)/ You had better have done that (用于完成時(shí)態(tài),表未完成動(dòng)作) 注:had better用于同輩或小輩,對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不可用。 (3)would rather意為“寧愿”,表選擇,后接不帶to的不定式,例如:I’d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here? ---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there. 由于would rath

24、er表選擇,因而后可接than,例如:I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. (句中的 'd rather不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,would 在此是表愿望的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 一

25、、語(yǔ)氣的種類(lèi):英語(yǔ)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣有四種: 1. 直陳語(yǔ)氣(The Indicative Mood)直陳語(yǔ)氣用于直截了當(dāng)?shù)仃愂鍪聦?shí)、描述狀態(tài): He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已發(fā)表了好幾篇論文。 2. 祈使語(yǔ)氣(The Imperative Mood)祈使語(yǔ)氣用于提出請(qǐng)求、命令、建議或是勸告等: Wait outside until you are asked . 請(qǐng)?jiān)谕饷娴群颍?qǐng)你進(jìn)再進(jìn)去。 Let's just take a break, shall we ? 我們休息一會(huì)兒,好嗎? 3. 疑

26、問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣( the interrogative mood ) :用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題 Where are from ? 4.?虛擬語(yǔ)氣(The Subjunctive Mood)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。虛擬語(yǔ)氣不太顧及事實(shí)的存在,它表現(xiàn)出說(shuō)話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說(shuō)話人所講的內(nèi)容往往是與事實(shí)相反的;或是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微,甚至于沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。當(dāng)然,有時(shí)為了使說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣客氣、緩和、委婉,也使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 I wish you were more careful .但愿你更細(xì)心一些。 If I had more money, I would buy a bigger ap

27、artment. 我要是有再多一點(diǎn)錢(qián),我就買(mǎi)一套更大一些房子。 Would you mind shutting the door ? 勞駕您把門(mén)關(guān)上。 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的種類(lèi):虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中應(yīng)用比較多;條件句可分為兩類(lèi),一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句,一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 三、真實(shí)性條件句 1.真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣,假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生,各種結(jié)構(gòu)如下: 條件從句????????? 主句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)??? shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形

28、祈使句??????? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他來(lái),會(huì)帶小提琴來(lái)的。 【典型例題】The volleyball match will be put off if it___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 【解析】B 真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 【點(diǎn)撥】1. 在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來(lái),該用shall, will. (錯(cuò)) If you leave now, you are neve

29、r going to regret it. (對(duì)) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2. 表示真理時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用shall (will) +動(dòng)詞原形,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式 四、非真實(shí)條件句 1.?虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以表示過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況,時(shí)態(tài)的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)往后推移 2.?虛擬語(yǔ)氣表 時(shí)間 從句 主句 例句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)( be 用were) Would / should / could / might / ought to? + 動(dòng)詞原形 1.?If they were here

30、, they would help you. 2.?If we had enough money , we would buy a computer . 3.?If I were you , I wouldn’t do it . 4.?If it rained tomorrow , we’d stay at home . 5.?It would be odd if she were awarded the first prize . 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) Should / would / could / might + have+ 過(guò)去分詞 1.?If he had

31、 come yesterday, I should have told him about it. 2.If I had been in her position I’d have quit . 3.?If the weather hadn’t been so bad , we might have gone out . 4.?If he had apologized , you should have done so too. 5.?I should never have done it if I hadn’t been so hard up . 與將來(lái)不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想

32、一般過(guò)去時(shí) / should/would ? + 動(dòng)詞原形 Should / would? / could / might / ought to + 動(dòng)詞原形 1.?If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 2.?If they invited me , I would certainly attend it . 3.?If he went , would you go too ? 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) were+ 不定式 Should / would? / could / might / ought to + 動(dòng)詞原形

33、 1.?If she were to lose her place they would be ruined . 2.If you were to speak to him , it would carry more weight . 五、混合條件句(也叫:錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句) 有時(shí),主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,主句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這種條件句叫做混合條件句 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天問(wèn)過(guò)他,今天就知道做什么了。(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相

34、反。) 1.?If it had rained last night(過(guò)去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在).如果昨晚下過(guò)雨,今天就會(huì)很冷了。 2.?If you’d listened to me , you wouldn’t be in such trouble now . 如果你聽(tīng)了我的話,你現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)這樣麻煩了 3.?If it hadn’t been for her care , I should not be speaking to you now. 如果不是她照顧我,我也不會(huì)在這里和你講話 4.?If the doctor had com

35、e in time , any would still be alive . 如果醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕到,AMY現(xiàn)在還活著。 六、含蓄條件句:含蓄條件句是指非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來(lái),只暗含在上下文中。含蓄條件句常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式有: 1.?定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句 Anyone who had married such a girl as she would have been regretful . 誰(shuí)娶了像她這樣的姑娘都會(huì)后悔的 help was promised where it should become necessary . 要是需要的話就答應(yīng)給予幫助 2.?介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)but

36、 that, as though, once ,but for, without , with , under , under…condition , supposing , suppose , as if , on condition that , in the past 等 But for his pension , he would starve .要不是有養(yǎng)老金,他都要餓死了 Without your help , I couldn’t have achieved all this . 要不是有你幫助我不會(huì)取得這些成就 With his aid , you would succe

37、ed . 如果有了他的幫助,你就會(huì)成功。 Plants would die without water on the earth . 地球上如果沒(méi)有水,植物就會(huì)死的 But for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago . 要是沒(méi)有霧的話,我們很早就到目的地了 Under more favourable conditions we could have finished the task . 如果條件對(duì)我們更有利,我們就會(huì)把工作完成得更好 3.?連詞otherwise, or, but He would have

38、 given you more help , but he has been so busy . 他本來(lái)要多給你一些幫助,只是他太忙了 Seize the chance , otherwise you would regret it . 如果不抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),你會(huì)后悔的 He felt very tired yesterday , or he would have helped you . 他昨天覺(jué)得很累,不然會(huì)幫你的 4.?通過(guò)分詞短語(yǔ)表示條件 Given more time, we could have done it better. Legalizing this drug wo

39、uld have disastrous consequence . 使毒品合法化會(huì)有災(zāi)難性的后果 5.?用動(dòng)詞不定式表示條件 It would be a mistake not to help him. She would have done anything to make amends . 她會(huì)做任何事來(lái)彌補(bǔ) 特殊情況:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在日常用語(yǔ)中用得很多,使句子顯得比較委婉;這類(lèi)謂語(yǔ)算不算虛擬語(yǔ)氣很難說(shuō),但有兩點(diǎn)是肯定的: 一是它們不受時(shí)態(tài)的影響,雖然形式接近過(guò)去式,卻常指現(xiàn)在的情況,而且和虛擬語(yǔ)氣在形式上一致,在不少情況下幾乎可以說(shuō)是一種含蓄的虛擬條件句; 二是它們不表示事實(shí),常帶

40、有主觀色彩,因而使句子顯得很委婉。 I should think that might be a good solution . could I trouble you with a question ? could you lend me some money ? would you mind taking part ? would you like some tea ? 七、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 1.??虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在would rather,would(just)as soon,would sooner,would prefer(希望)等后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中。意指某人寧愿讓

41、另一個(gè)人做某事,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做某事,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)做的事,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。 To be frank,I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地說(shuō),我希望你不要卷入這件事。 You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather y

42、ou went on business first.你沒(méi)有必要這么著急,我寧愿你先去上班。 I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暫時(shí)先不要就此事發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。 Frankly speaking ,I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說(shuō)我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對(duì)此事什么也不做。 Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早

43、點(diǎn)上床呢? 【點(diǎn)撥】①若某人愿自己做某事, would rather后用動(dòng)詞原形 ? I would rather stay at home today. ② would rather...than...中用動(dòng)詞原形 ?????????? I would rather stay at home than go out today. 2.?在表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后面的從句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I sugges

44、t that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建議下周召開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)議。 He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那兒去。 【點(diǎn)撥】如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)",即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 判斷改錯(cuò):? (錯(cuò)) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill. (對(duì)) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (錯(cuò))

45、 I insisted that you(should)be wrong. (對(duì)) I insisted that you were wrong. 3.??wish的用法 1)wish后面的從句,表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式為: ???? ???????? 主句 ?從句 從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(be的過(guò)去式為 were)????????? 現(xiàn)在時(shí)??????????? 過(guò)去時(shí) 從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(had + 過(guò)去分詞)???

46、??????? 過(guò)去時(shí)/現(xiàn)在時(shí)???過(guò)去完成時(shí) 將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望????????????????????將來(lái)時(shí)/現(xiàn)在時(shí)???? would/could +動(dòng)詞原形 I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高 He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他沒(méi)講過(guò)那樣的話 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了 I wish that he weren’t so lazy . 但愿他不那么懶 He wishes that he were a teacher .? 他希望他是個(gè)老師

47、就好了 I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it . 但愿那時(shí)他對(duì)這事不那么大驚小怪 I wish that the rain would stop . 要是雨停就好了 2)在“it is wished that”句型以及作名詞所引起的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用法同上。 3)? wish to do;wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望見(jiàn)一見(jiàn)經(jīng)理。 I wish the manager to

48、 be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)我希望經(jīng)理能馬上得到消息 八、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其表達(dá)形式為should +動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation , aim , wish , necessity , prefe

49、rence , motion , plan,idea,resolution等。 We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金的建議被每個(gè)人接受。 Any proposals that john should be dismissed must be resisted . 必須抵制任何開(kāi)除JOHN的提議 His id

50、ea that we should take up the matter with a special board is fairly resonable . 他建議我們以一個(gè)專門(mén)委員會(huì)處理這件事,這的確有道理 Our suggestion is that we should put on a play at the english evening . 我們建議在英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)上演一個(gè)劇 九、?在主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 It is / was? + necessary + that + 主語(yǔ) + should + 加動(dòng)詞原形,should 可省略,表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、道歉、懷疑、驚奇等 可用的詞

51、有:suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded , requested, insisted , important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange , a pity, a shame, no wonder , essential , advisable , mandatory , obligatory , vital , compulsory , crucial , fitting , better , best , appropriate , recommended … 十、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其

52、他狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用 1.? 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中 在由lest , for fear that , in order that , so that , in case of 等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由should / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,should也可省略。 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。 I reminded her twice of it lest she should forget .

53、我提醒她兩次,怕她忘記 I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb him . 我不會(huì)出聲的,以免打擾他 I have come all the way here in order that you should understand me . 我到這里來(lái)為的是你能理解我 He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold . 他把大衣蓋在兒子身上以免他著涼 注意:如果 in order that 和 so that 前的主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí),其后的從句有時(shí)也可用

54、can , may + 動(dòng)詞原形。 Ask him to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them . 讓他帶著信趕快來(lái)以便我簽字 在以lest 和in case 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若屬于過(guò)去時(shí),一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, should + 動(dòng)詞原形,若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是過(guò)去時(shí),也可以用成述語(yǔ)氣。 take warm clothes in case the weather is cold . 帶上厚衣服以防天變冷。 2.?虛擬語(yǔ)氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句中 在as if(as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示‘似乎,好

55、象’的意思,其動(dòng)詞形式與wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句中的形式相同。 Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman.艾倫談起羅馬來(lái)好像他是個(gè)羅馬人一樣。 I feel as if I were ten years younger . 我覺(jué)得我仿佛年輕了10歲 He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself . 他談起金字塔來(lái),就好象親眼見(jiàn)過(guò)似的 I feel as if we had known each other for years . 我感到我們好象已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)多年了 It lo

56、oks as if it might rain . 看上去好象要下雨 十一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝形式 在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,如果條件從句含有 were, had, should,可將連詞 if 省略,再將 were, had 或 should 移至句首,構(gòu)成非真實(shí)條件句的倒裝語(yǔ)序 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他們現(xiàn)在在的話,就會(huì)幫助我們了。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come

57、earlier, you would have met him. 你來(lái)得早一點(diǎn),就碰到他了。 Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,莊稼就有救了。 【典型例題】 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.??? A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)中如果有were, should, had這三

58、個(gè)詞,通常將if省略,主語(yǔ)提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語(yǔ)的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說(shuō)Were I not to do, 而不能說(shuō) Weren't I to do. e.g.? Had you been here just now, you would have met her. 你要是剛才在這兒,就見(jiàn)到她了。 Were I not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙,我就會(huì)來(lái)了。 十二、其他句型 1.?虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is +形容詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中 在某些表

59、示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句中,需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其表達(dá)形式為should +動(dòng)詞原形或省略should直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)形容詞有 advisable(合理的),appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)模?,compulsory(必須的),crucial(緊急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),incredible(驚人的),natural(自然的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的), probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urg

60、ent(緊迫的), vital(極為重要的)。 It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.這些申請(qǐng)表應(yīng)盡早地寄回,這是很重要的。 It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足夠的錢(qián),為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。 2.?虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is +過(guò)去分詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中 在It is +過(guò)去分詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求等主觀意向,謂語(yǔ)用 shoul

61、d +動(dòng)詞原形或省略should只用動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)過(guò)去分詞有:decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested, required等。 It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.希望我們今晚一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。 3.?虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is(about /high)time +that定語(yǔ)從句中 在It is(about/high)time +that定語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“該做……的時(shí)候

62、了”,其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should +動(dòng)詞原形 It's already 5 o'clock now,Don't you think it's about time we went home?已經(jīng)5點(diǎn)鐘了,你不認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該回家了嗎? 【點(diǎn)撥】①在this is the first time /second time that...句型中,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài) Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?這是你第一次參觀香港嗎? ②It's time to do something有別于It's time

63、 that... 4.?比較if only與only if only if表示"只有";if only則表示"如果……就好了"。If only引起的句子,一般過(guò)去時(shí)或would+動(dòng)詞原形表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事實(shí)相反,過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了,我才會(huì)醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響就好了。 If only he comes early.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來(lái) If only we knew where to look for h

64、im. 我們要是知道到哪里去找他就好了 If only I had listened to my parents.?? 要是我聽(tīng)取了父母的話該多好啊 5.?but 或 but that 表達(dá)的含蓄條件的特殊含義 but 或 but that 做“如果不……”解,意思相當(dāng)與“if not”,其后面不可接虛擬模式,應(yīng)接陳述式的現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞或過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞,即‘but that + 主語(yǔ) + 現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞 / 過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞’,而主句要用虛擬式。 But that you help him , he would fail . 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助,他會(huì)失敗的 But that you helped hi

65、m , he would have failed . 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助,他早就失敗了 6.? need “不必做”和“本不必做” didn't need to do表示過(guò)去不必做某事, 事實(shí)上也沒(méi)做;needn't have done表示過(guò)去不必做某事, 但事實(shí)上做了 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 約翰開(kāi)車(chē)去車(chē)站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了 John went to the station with the car to meet Ma

66、ry, so she needn't have walked back home. 約翰開(kāi)車(chē)去車(chē)站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家了,沒(méi)有遇上John的車(chē)) 【典型例題】 There was plenty of time. She ___. A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried 【解析】 D needn't have done. 意為"本不必",即已經(jīng)做了某事,而時(shí)實(shí)際上不必要。Mustn't have done 用法不正確,對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldn't have done, "不可能已經(jīng)"。must not do 不可以(用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) 7.?不定式的完成時(shí)用在 intend , mean , plan , suppose 等動(dòng)詞后,表示原打算做而實(shí)際未能做而實(shí)際未能做成的事,因而含有虛擬的意思 8.? need / need

展開(kāi)閱讀全文
溫馨提示:
1: 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
2: 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
3.本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
5. 裝配圖網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

相關(guān)資源

更多
正為您匹配相似的精品文檔
關(guān)于我們 - 網(wǎng)站聲明 - 網(wǎng)站地圖 - 資源地圖 - 友情鏈接 - 網(wǎng)站客服 - 聯(lián)系我們

copyright@ 2023-2025  zhuangpeitu.com 裝配圖網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有   聯(lián)系電話:18123376007

備案號(hào):ICP2024067431號(hào)-1 川公網(wǎng)安備51140202000466號(hào)


本站為文檔C2C交易模式,即用戶上傳的文檔直接被用戶下載,本站只是中間服務(wù)平臺(tái),本站所有文檔下載所得的收益歸上傳人(含作者)所有。裝配圖網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)上載內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯。若文檔所含內(nèi)容侵犯了您的版權(quán)或隱私,請(qǐng)立即通知裝配圖網(wǎng),我們立即給予刪除!