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1、
音標學習
學英語真好玩,一百符號要記全:
字母共計52,大寫小寫各一半;
音標共計48,元音20,輔音28;
學英語,很容易,讀寫聽說和翻譯;
多模仿,多記憶,早讀晚聽別忘記。
輔音音標表(28個)
輕輔音
/p/ 婆婆p
/?t/ 桃樹t
/?k/ 科學k,c,ck
濁輔音
/b/ 爸爸b
/d/? 大海d
/g/ 哥哥g
輕輔音
/f/ 大佛f
/θ/th,舌尖平放兩齒間,不斷發(fā)[s]。
/s/ 蠶絲s,
濁輔音
/v/漢語無此此音,英語上齒抵下唇,讀作vvv。
/e/?th,舌尖平放兩齒間,不斷發(fā)[z]。
2、
/z/? 帽子z
輕輔音
/?/ 老師sh
/?h/ 喝水h
/t?/ 吃飯ch
濁輔音
/?/
/?r/(弱)? 日頭r
/d?/ 蜘蛛(zh) j
鼻 音
/m/ 媽媽m
/n/? 泥人n
/?/? ng
半元音
?/?j/ 衣服y
/ w/ 烏鴉w
邊音
/??/ 快樂l
輕輔音
/ts/ ts
/tr/? tr
不被稱為音標
濁輔音
/dz/? dz
/dr/? dr
不被稱為音標
x光透視,含有“克斯”音,英語[ks] [
3、ks] [ks]。
哭,漢語q,英語qu [kw] [kw] [kw]。
字母c在ce,ci,cy字母組合中,讀[s],其他情況讀[s]。
元音音標表(20個)
12個單元音:
短元音[?e] [e] [i] [?] [?] [u] [?]
長元音 [i:] [?:] [a:] [u:] [?:]
8個雙元音:[ei] [ai] [?u] [au] [?i]
4、 [i?] [e?] [u?]
5個元音的字母音 a [ei] e [i:] i [ai] o [?u] u [u:]
5個元音的短元音:
a [?e] bag cat hat map
e [e] pen bed ten hen
I [i] big pig sit hill
o [?] box hot dog frog
u [u] but mum bus mug
26個英語字母的讀音表
字 母
讀 音
字 母
讀 音
大寫
小寫
大寫
小寫
A
a
/ei/
5、
N
n
/en/
B
b
/bi:/
O
o
/?u/
C
c
/si:/
P
p
/pi:/
D
d
/di:/
Q
q
/kju:/
E
e
/i:/
R
r
/α:/
F
f
/ef/
S
s
/es/
G
g
/ d?i:/
T
t
/ti:/
H
h
/eitF/
U
u
/ju:/
I
i
/ai/
V
v
/vi:/
J
j
/ d?ei/
W
w
/`d?blju:/
K
k
/kei/
X
x
/eks/
L
l
/el/
Y
y
/wai
6、/
M
m
/em/
Z
z
/zed/
元音發(fā)音規(guī)則表:
單元音(12個)
1.單元音/i:/ see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keep
開音節(jié)中的e/i:/ me be she
ee /i:/ see sleep deep feet need
ea /i:/ read eat meal seat
2.單元音 /i/ in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss fish rich lid
閉音節(jié)中的i /i/ if, his, film(閉音節(jié)指以輔音結尾的音節(jié))
閉
7、音節(jié)中的y /i/ sympathy, syllable, system, gym
位于詞尾的y /i/ city, pity, willingly, possibility
3.單元音 /e/ get let bed pen best rest wet never better best
閉音節(jié)中的e /e/ bed, peg, set, tell
ea /e/ dead, heaven, feather
4.單元音/?e/ hat cat rat cap map fat man thank stamp fact
閉音節(jié)中的 a / ?e / bad, lad, rat, cab
8、
5.單元音 /a:/ heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn pass
ar /a:/ arm, ark, lard, dark, car, card, hard, harm
6.單元音 / ? / lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock
閉音節(jié)中的o / ? / hot, got, not, lost, on, soft
7./ ?:/ tall fall wall Paul Maud walk call yawn thought
or / ?:/ or, sport, bo
9、red, horse, more, before
a(+ll或lk) / ?:/ all, fall, talk, walk
aw / ?:/ law, paw, draw, flaw, claw
8.單元音 /u/ cook book look put good full foot would
u /u/ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushion
oo /u/ good, took, wood, wool, stood, bedroom
ou /u/ could, would, should
9.單元音 /u:/ too soon rule b
10、oot fool school soup cool lose new
oo /u:/ fool, booth, room, food
ou /u:/ soup, you, group
o /u:/ do, to, who
10./ ?/ cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck
閉音節(jié)中的u /?/ but, hunt, sun, duck, luck
閉音節(jié)中的o /?/ son, once, colour, other, money
ou /?/ rough, enough, touch, cousin, young
11.
11、單元音 /?:/ shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curse
er /?:/ herd, verb, mercy
ir /?:/ thirty, shirt, third, fir
ur /?:/ turn, church, burn, nurse, curse
or /?:/ word, work, world, worse
ear /?:/ heard, earth, search
12.單元音 /?/ ago about asleep above again among mother brother
許多元音在非重讀章節(jié)中
12、讀成/?/,所以/?/的拼寫形式多種多樣。如:
about, sofa, doctor, colour, figure
雙元音
1.雙元音 /ei/ May pay way day same hay great gain pain spade
a /ei/ save, face, pale
ay /ei/ day, pay, may
ai /ei/ wait, fail, strait
ea /ei/ break, great
2.雙元音 /?u/ no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soul
o /?u/ go, hello
13、, no, open, over, joking, October
oa /?u/ coat, soap, boat, road, coast
ow /?u/ snow, throw, blow, show, know, window
3.雙元音 /ai/ bye lie try eye cry die my five time mine like
開音節(jié)中的i /ai/ time, crime, rite, fine
igh /ai/ high, might, night, light, bright
y /ai/ cry, my, sky, fly, July, reply
14、ie /ai/ eye, dye, bye
4.雙元音 /au/ how now cow out mouse down house brown found
ou /au/ about, around, found, sound, mouse
ow /au/ down, crowd, town, brown, now, how
5. 雙元音 /?i/ boy joy toy voice noise join coin oil soil toil
oi /?i/ oil, boil, join, coin, spoilt, voice, choice, noise
oy /?i/ to
15、y, boy, enjoy, destroy, annoy, loyal, employer
6.雙元音 /i?/ ear here fear hear dear pier tear near really idea
ear /i?/ ear, dear, hear, clear, beard
ea /i?/ idea, real, theatre
ere /i?/ here, mere, severe
eer /i?/ beer, queer, engineer
7.雙元音 /e?/ care wear hair there fair careful various
are
16、/e?/ care, share, fare, hare,careless
air /e?/ air, fair, chair,repair
8.雙元音 /u?/ tour sure poor pure cure tourist
ur /u?/ cure, pure, fury
二、輔音
爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ p ] 代表單詞:pay pipe put pie peach sport speed spend
[ b ] 代表單詞:bird bed bag big buy bake bil
17、l bear book
[ t ] 代表單詞:tea teacher team tare tank taught tip it meet cat thought fate tent boat student stand stick
[ d ] 代表單詞:do did does deer date dig doom need bed climbed
[ k ] 發(fā)音組合:c k ck
代表單詞:cake car can cat come
kite sky keep
p
18、ick back
[ g ] 代表單詞:geese go gap get big bag beg
摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [ W ] [ T ] [ F ]
[ V ] [ s ] [ z ] [ h ] [ r ]
[ f ] 發(fā)音組合:f ph
代表單詞:five first life fine fat fail fair fall farm
telephone phonetics photo
[ v ] 代表單詞:vot
19、e vine vat vail very vase leave five
[ W ] 發(fā)音組合:th 代表單詞:think teeth thick theme thank thought
both tooth truth fifth mouth cloth faith breath
[ T ] 發(fā)音組合:th 代表單詞:this that these those then than though
[ F ] 發(fā)音組合:sh s ss ch
代表單詞:ship fish sheet sheep
20、 dish sure ensure assure machine
[ V ] 代表單詞:pleasure usual leisure measure
[ s ] 發(fā)音組合:s c 代表單詞:seem set seek say see books dense mouse cups face ice race price
[ z ] 發(fā)音組合:z s 代表單詞:zoo prize zeal raise knees eyes
[ h ] 發(fā)音組合:h wh 【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才發(fā)此音。
代表單詞:hot home h
21、ouse horse hate high whole who whose whom
[ r ] 發(fā)音組合:r wr
代表單詞:race red rice rain right road free fry pray wrong write
摩擦音小結:
英語中有十個摩擦音即: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [e] [?] [3][ s ] [ z ] [ h ][ r ]
發(fā)摩擦音時必須注意:
1) 口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙, 氣流從中泄出時摩擦或震動成音。
2) 摩擦音可以延長而發(fā)音器官位置不變。
破擦音: [
22、t? ] [ d? ] [tr][dr][ts][dz]
[ t? ] 發(fā)音組合:ch 代表單詞:cheap child chest choke check
catch watch
[ d? ] 發(fā)音組合:j g dg
代表單詞:jeep joke jew juice gin change jodge judge
[tr] 發(fā)音組合:tr 代表單詞:tree treat trip train tram
[dr] 發(fā)音組合: dr 代表單詞: dream drag draw drink children
[t
23、s] 發(fā)音組合:ts 代表單詞:sits seats mates peasants parents
[dz] 發(fā)音組合:ds 代表單詞:needs seeds spends
鼻輔音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ? ]
[ m ] 代表單詞:some come dime mother map moon
[ n ] 代表單詞:noon nose note not no nothing moon soon son gun thin run dine gain
[?] 發(fā)音組合:ng n 代表單詞:sing song singer king
24、 thing ink sink thank tank
舌邊音: [ l ] 注意: [ l ]有兩個發(fā)音,即清晰音[ l ]和含糊音[ l ]
代表單詞:清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap
代表單詞:含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table
半元音: [ w ] [ j ]
[ w ] 發(fā)音要訣:發(fā)音部位和元音[u:]相似,即舌后部向軟顎抬起,抬得很高,雙唇收的很圓很小,并向前突出,成尖圓形。
這是一個半元音,因為發(fā)[w]時氣流不受發(fā)音器官的阻礙,像元音一樣,只是氣流通過唇角時有
25、一些磨擦。
半元音沒有長度,只能向元音過渡且都是濁音。輔音字母w和wh組合讀此音,氣息流過, 聲帶震動。
注意:一經發(fā)出,立即向后面的元音滑動。
發(fā)音組合:w wh
代表單詞:wait west way wet will wide wheel what why when where while
[ j ] 代表單詞:year yes yet yard young you
單詞按音節(jié)來劃分,分為單音節(jié)詞,雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞.單音節(jié)詞中,常常分為重讀開音節(jié)和重讀閉音節(jié).
單音節(jié)詞:a 重讀開音節(jié)(1.結尾的三個字母,是一個元音字母+一個輔音字母+一個不發(fā)音的e構成.2.直接以元音字母結尾) b 重讀閉音節(jié)
例:drink hi hat hand pick rule by gate back bad ice pop bit joke jazz ride he size