（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 二 細(xì)節(jié)理解-間接信息題優(yōu)選習(xí)題

二、細(xì)節(jié)理解——間接信息題 (2018·全國Ⅰ，A) Washington，D.C.Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. Duration：3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration：3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. Duration：3 hours Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路線) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration：3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一項(xiàng)自行車旅行中的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！”可知，這項(xiàng)自行車旅行需要提前預(yù)訂。其他三項(xiàng)自行車旅行都沒有提到需要預(yù)訂。 22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a national park. C.Visit well-known museums. D.Enjoy interesting stories. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三項(xiàng)自行車旅行中的第二句“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.”可知，在Capital City Bike Tour中，導(dǎo)游會為你講述關(guān)于總統(tǒng)、國會、紀(jì)念碑和公園的最有趣的故事。 23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A.City maps. B.Cameras. C.Meals. D.Safety lights. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的at night可定位到最后一項(xiàng)自行車旅行。根據(jù)最后兩句“Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，在晚上進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)自行車旅行給游客配備了安全燈。 一、題型解讀 1.話題特點(diǎn) ?？疾殚g接信息理解類的話題有：(1)人物類；(2)故事類；(3)文化教育類；(4)史地自然類； (5)社會生活類；(6)科普說明類。 2.設(shè)問形式 特殊疑問句形式或填空形式： (1)According to the author/passage，... (2)What can we learn about...? (3)What was the reason for...? 二、解題技巧——“斷章取義”定答案 第一步：閱讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵詞，鎖定原文相關(guān)信息； 第二步：定位題干關(guān)鍵詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式； 第三步：利用正確選項(xiàng)特征，確定答案。 正確選項(xiàng)特征： (1)用同義或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。如【真題感悟】第21題題干中book in advance“提前預(yù)定”與原文中“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear(在有效期和櫻花消失前預(yù)約).”意思相同，可知答案為A項(xiàng)。 (2)同根詞或原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 (3)語言簡化。簡化原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象，并設(shè)置為答案。 (4)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)。 A (2018·南開區(qū)一模) Tiger research：Indonesia While sustainable tourism helps protect many of the Indonesia’s wildlife，one of its rarest species，the Sumatran tiger，suffers as the island’s cities expand into its forest habitat.Fortunately Biosphere Expeditions have created a trip that not only benefits the seriously endangered animal，but helps protect it too.Based in a remote camp in the heart of the rainforest，volunteers will tour the landscape，documenting tracks，kills and scats(糞便) to aid important research into the lives of these big cats. Company：Biosphere Expeditions Length：13 days More information：www.biosphere-expeditions.org Cycling tour：Cambodia With an ancient world of temples and jungles，Cambodia is the kind of country that needs to be explored slowly.PEPY Tours offers 621 miles of green fields，dusty orange tracks and winding rivers on its 15-day cycling expeditions.Money goes directly to local people through homestays and lunches，while tours allow visitors to learn Khmer customs and contribute to ongoing community development projects. Company：PEPY Tours Length：15 days More information： Beach stay：Tanzania A winner in the Best for Beach category at the Responsible Tourism Awards 2014，Chole Mjini Island is a tourists’ paradise(天堂) located off the coast of Tanzania.With no roads or electricity，guests to the low-impact destination can enjoy a simple life in hand-built tree houses and spend days either stretched out on deserted beaches or searching for whale sharks. Company：Chole Mjini Island Length：6 days More information： Teaching：Morocco It’s the breathtaking beauty that draws tourists to Morocco’s High Atlas Mountains，but while the remoteness of the setting may aid its charm，it also causes problems.Few inhabitants of the region’s rural villages，especially females，continue their education past primary school.Education For All (EFA) is a Moroccan NGO that builds and runs girls’ boarding houses near secondary schools in the High Atlas，making further education theoretically possible.Based in the beautiful town of Asni，the programme is looking for female volunteers with teaching experience. Company：People and Places Length：4 weeks (minimum) More information：www.travel-peopleandplaces.co.uk 1.If you want to help with wildlife research，you may go to . A.Morocco B.Indonesia C.Cambodia D.Tanzania 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞help with wildlife research找到文章對應(yīng)Tiger research：Indonesia部分的“Fortunately Biosphere Expeditions have created a trip that not only benefits the seriously endangered animal，but helps protect it too.”可知，想幫助保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物就去印度尼西亞。 2.Cycling tours in Cambodia offer tourists . A.projects to study tigers B.money to find homestays and buy lunches C.opportunities to learn local culture D.nights to stay at temples 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Cycling tour：Cambodia中的“Money goes directly to local people through homestays and lunches，while tours allow visitors to learn Khmer customs and contribute to ongoing community development projects.”可知，自行車旅行為游客提供的是學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕臋C(jī)會。 3.We can get all the information about Tanzania EXCEPT that . A.tourists can live in tree houses built by hand B.whale sharks are a threat to tourists in waters there C.it’s inconvenient to get around on Chole Mjini Island D.environment there is not much affected by human activities 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Beach stay：Tanzania中的“With no roads or electricity，guests to the low-impact destination can enjoy a simple life in hand-built tree houses and spend days either stretched out on deserted beaches or searching for whale sharks.”可知，A、C、D都有提及，而文中并沒有提到鯨鯊對于游客是威脅。 4.Jennifer，a university professor concerned about the education of girls in remote areas，may be interested in the information on . A.www.travel-peopleandplaces.co.uk B C D.www.biosphere-expeditions.org 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對應(yīng)部分Teaching：Morocco中的“Few inhabitants of the region’s rural villages，especially females，continue their education past primary school.”可知該部分的網(wǎng)站是www.travel-peopleandplaces.co.uk.。 5.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.The four tours are all commercial tours. B.Cycling expedition to Cambodia lasts 13 days. C.PEPY organises tours to Chole Mjini Island. D.Volunteers are needed in Indonesia and Morocco. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一部分中的“volunteers will tour the landscape，documenting tracks，kills and scats(糞便) to aid important research into the lives of these big cats”和最后一部分中的“Based in the beautiful town of Asni，the programme is looking for female volunteers with teaching experience.”由此可知，在印度尼西亞和摩洛哥都需要大量的志愿者參與活動(dòng)。 B (2018·南開區(qū)一模) My father worked in a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras，Puerto Rico.My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox，guiding him with a broomstick.For 1 a day，I worked eight hours straight，with no food breaks. It was very tedious work，but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us，I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.I’ve never been late for any job since.I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for.More importantly，I earned my pay；it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didn’t want to work. I was only six years old，but I was doing a man’s job.Our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than 18 a week.Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet.Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother，father，two brothers and three sisters.This gave me self-esteem，one of the most important things a person could have. When I was seven，I got work at a golf course near our house.My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed，so the golfers could find them.Losing a ball meant you were fired，so I never missed one.Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle. The more I dreamed，the more I thought.Why not？I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴樹枝) and a piece of pipe.Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball.And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth.I practiced with the same devotion and intensity.I learned working in the field—except now I was driving golf balls with a club，not oxen with a broomstick. 6.The writer’s first job was . A.to spot the balls as they landed B.to watch over the sugar-cane plantation C.to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields D.to stand down the fairway at a golf course 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.”可知，作者的第一份工作是趕牛犁耕這塊甘蔗田地。 7.The underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “ ”. A.difficult B.interesting C.unusual D.boring 答案　D 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I worked eight hours straight，with no food breaks.”可知，這個(gè)工作很繁瑣，我每天工作八小時(shí)，沒有吃飯休息時(shí)間。由此推知“tedious”的意思是“繁瑣的，乏味的”。 8.The writer learned that from his first job. A.he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for B.he should never fail to say hello to his owner C.he should work for those who he liked most D.he should work longer than what he was expected 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for.”可知，作者學(xué)會了要尊敬和信任于你為之工作的人。 9. gave the writer self-esteem. A.Owning his own golf course B.Earning money to support the family C.Helping his father on the plantation D.Having a family of eight people 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother，father，two brothers and three sisters.This gave me self-esteem，one of the most important things a person could have.”可知，沒有任何事情比我拿錢回家給我爸媽、兩個(gè)弟弟和三個(gè)妹妹更值得我驕傲，這讓我有了自尊心。 10.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.He wanted to run a golf course near his house. B.He wanted to make money by guiding oxen. C.He was satisfied with the job on the plantation. D.He wanted to become a successful golfer. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知作者跟那些高爾夫球手一樣，有同樣的投入和強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練。由此不難看出他成為一名高爾夫球員的迫切之心。 題型組合練(五) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1.Physically challenged as Jack was，he did not himself to his fate. A.resist B.reserve C.resign D.rescue 答案　C 解析　考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：杰克雖然身體不太好，但是他不愿屈服于自己的命運(yùn)。resist抵抗，抗拒；reserve儲備，保留；resign委托，使聽從，屈服；rescue營救，援救。resign oneself to one’s fate屈服于自己的命運(yùn)，為固定短語，故C項(xiàng)正確。 2.Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? A.where B.which C.that D.as 答案　A 解析　句意為：你是否曾經(jīng)處于這樣一種境況？你明知道另一個(gè)人是對的，但你卻不能同意他的看法。分析句子可知，句中的先行詞為situation，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where。 3.She then took the little key，and opened it，trembling，but could not at first see anything ，because the windows were shut. A.plainly B.closely C.firmly D.frequently 答案　A 解析　句意為：于是她拿了那把小鑰匙，顫抖著打開了它，但是因?yàn)榇皯舳际顷P(guān)著的，一開始沒能看清楚任何東西。closely緊密地，接近的；firmly堅(jiān)定地；frequently頻繁地，均與句意不符。plainly清楚地，符合句意。 4.While interacting with people in India，I was to a way of life completely different from my own. A.reduced B.exposed C.committed D.transferred 答案　B 解析　句意為：在印度與人交流時(shí)，我接觸到了一種生活方式，與我的完全不同。be reduced to減少到，淪落為；be committed to致力于；be transferred to被轉(zhuǎn)移到，均不符合句意。be exposed to接觸到，暴露于，符合語境。 5.Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing，while going to watch them live is quite another. A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed 答案　D 解析　句意為：在家里的電視上看籃球比賽是一回事，去看現(xiàn)場比賽又是另外一回事。根據(jù)句意可知，perform與其邏輯主語them之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處表示去現(xiàn)場看正在進(jìn)行的比賽，故應(yīng)用being performed作賓語them的補(bǔ)足語，故D項(xiàng)正確。 6. work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values. A.How B.Whether C.That D.Why 答案　C 解析　句意為：工作和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)是人類進(jìn)步的重要驅(qū)動(dòng)者，這深深地植根于我們的社會價(jià)值觀中?！? work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress”作主語，是主語從句，該從句結(jié)構(gòu)意思完整，故應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)該從句。 7.—Don’t make a special journey to pick up the laundry for me. —It’s OK.I to the shop anyway. A.was going B.will have gone C.have gone D.will be going 答案　D 解析　句意為：——不用專門為我去取衣服?！獩]關(guān)系。反正我都要去商店。由第一句可知，去取衣服是還沒有發(fā)生的事情，由此可知，去商店是將來的事情，故D選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)的將來進(jìn)行時(shí)相當(dāng)于一般將來時(shí)。 8.—What is your impression of your former colleague Nick? —He’s helpful，and he give us a hand at work. A.must B.would C.may D.should 答案　B 解析　句意為：——你對前同事尼克的印象怎樣？——他很樂于助人，并經(jīng)常在工作中幫助我們。must必須，肯定；would過去常常，將；may可能，可以；should竟然，應(yīng)該。由第一句中的“former colleague”可知，Nick過去常常幫助同事，故B選項(xiàng)正確。 9. the oil under the sea，the company has raised ample funds to develop petroleum exploration equipment. A.Exploiting B.Having exploited C.To exploit D.Exploited 答案　C 解析　句意為：為了探索海底石油，該公司籌集了充足的資金來開發(fā)石油勘探設(shè)備。此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，故C選項(xiàng)正確。 10.Thanks to the special chemical of the soil in the mountainous area，this economic plant grows well there. A.composition B.competence C.construction D.conclusion 答案　A 解析　句意為：由于山區(qū)里土壤的特殊化學(xué)成分，這種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物在那兒生長得非常好。composition構(gòu)成，合成物，成分；competence能力；construction建造；conclusion結(jié)論。根據(jù)常識可知，這里指化學(xué)成分，A選項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2018·天津部分區(qū)縣一模) One of the newest “smart” devices is an old favorite，a camera.And smart cameras are getting smarter all the time.Some are now built with machine learning tools to help them think for themselves.Machine learning involves putting large amounts of data into a computer for processing. Google Clips One of the latest to launch is Google Clips.It is the first camera developed by the web search giant that is not built into a phone. The small and light device is designed to be put somewhere in a room to take pictures by itself.It can also be stuck to an object or a person’s clothing. Google says machine learning helps the camera choose the best times and situations for taking pictures and video clips.It can also recognize the faces of people or pets chosen by the user and take pictures of them in a more natural way. The device is not yet being sold，but interested buyers can join a waiting list to be informed when it is available. GoPro Hero GoPro is another company developing machine learning technology.GoPro also uses machine learning to power its QuikStories feature.This tool takes existing photos and videos and automatically creates a finished video piece，complete with music and effects. Snap Spectacles Messaging app Snapchat sells a pair of sunglasses with a built-in camera that can record short video clips with the push of a button.Snap Inc.says the product，called Spectacles，is designed to “capture the moment，without taking you out of it”. Many smart phones already have facial recognition technology built into the devices. Snap Inc.has started selling its Spectacles sunglasses online in the United States. Apple iPhone X Apple’s new iPhone X is being launched with its new Face ID system that it says will unlock the phone just by having the user look at it.This replaces the Touch ID on previous devices that used a fingerprint to unlock the phone. Apple says the system works by projecting more than 30,000 dots on the face to create a kind of map.Apple claims its facial recognition is even secure enough to allow payments through its Apple Pay service. 11.What can machine learning tools help cameras do? A.Get much smarter. B.Process more roughly. C.Keep data for ever. D.Store more natural photos. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“And smart cameras are getting smarter all the time.Some are now built with machine learning tools to help them think for themselves.”可知，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)工具來幫助他們更智能。 12.What can we know about Google Clips? A.It can only be put in a room. B.People can buy it online easily. C.It can be built into a phone. D.You can take photos automatically with it. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Google Clips中的“The small and light device is designed to be put somewhere in a room to take pictures by itself.”可知，它可以自動(dòng)拍攝。 13.What is the special function of GoPro Hero? A.It has to use power to work. B.It can record videos vividly. C.It provides music and effects for videos. D.It uses technology of machine learning. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GoPro Hero中的“This tool takes existing photos and videos and automatically creates a finished video piece，complete with music and effects.”可知選C。 14.Which of the following can now be bought surely on the Internet? A.Google Clips. B.GoPro Hero. C.Spectacles sunglasses. D.Apple iPhone X. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Snap Spectacles中的“Snap Inc.has started selling its Spectacles sunglasses online in the United States.”可知，Snap公司已經(jīng)開始在網(wǎng)上銷售這種太陽鏡。 15.How is Apple iPhone X unlocked? A.By a fingerprint. B.By facial recognition. C.By pushing a button. D.By making a map. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Apple iPhone X中的“Apple’s new iPhone X is being launched with its new Face ID system that it says will unlock the phone just by having the user look at it.”可知，新iPhone X利用臉部識別解鎖。 B (2018·和平區(qū)二模) One of the greatest sources of unhappiness，in my experience，is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are. When we see something we don’t like，we wish it could be different.We cry out for something better.That may be human nature，or perhaps it’s something ingrained(根深蒂固的) in our culture.The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different.However，it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place.We’ve judged it as bad，rather than saying，“It’s not bad or good，and it just is it.” In one of my books，I said，“You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned.” Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong.However，it’s only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad.Instead，you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is. This can be applied to whatever you do：how other people act at work，how politics works and how depressing the news media can be.Accept these things as they are，and try to understand why they’re that way.It will save you a lot of sadness，because you’ll no longer say，“Oh，I wish bad things didn’t happen！” Does it mean you can never change things？Not at all.But change things not because you can’t accept things as they are，but because you enjoy the process of changing，learning and growing. Can we make this world a better place？You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others，to grow as a person，to make a difference in this world.That’s the correct path you choose to take，because you enjoy that path.Therefore，when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference，try a different approach：accept，and understand.It might lead to some interesting results. 16.The author b