蘇教版七下英語—現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞

【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流 蘇教版七下英語—現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 .....精品文檔...... 禾沐教育暑期精品班英語講義（八） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 【NO.1】 定義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 一．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：am/is/ are+ v-ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式； v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成： 一般情況 +ing falling 以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞 去e, +ing having 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí). 雙寫詞尾字母+ing putting 有一些特殊變化(或者說以ie為結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞)的現(xiàn)在分詞：lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 這些以ie結(jié)尾要去e再把i變y再加ing． 什么是音節(jié)？閉音節(jié)？重讀閉音節(jié)？ 1. 英語單詞是由字母組成的，字母構(gòu)成音節(jié)。一般來講有一個(gè)元音就是一個(gè)音節(jié)。 含一個(gè)元音的詞叫作單音節(jié)詞，含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上元音的單詞叫作雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞。 單音節(jié)詞都是重讀音節(jié)，雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞中一般有一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)，其他的是弱讀音節(jié)。 2. 閉音節(jié)：閉音節(jié)是兩個(gè)輔音中間有一個(gè)元音的音節(jié)。例如：not，thank，ten，am，six等。 3. 重讀閉音節(jié)是需要重讀的閉音節(jié)，如果是單音節(jié)一定重讀，但是重讀符號(hào)省略；如果是多音節(jié)，一定有一個(gè)需要重讀。重讀閉音節(jié)（輔音1+元音+輔音2）中的輔音2在構(gòu)詞法中要雙寫，如果不重讀，如listen中的第二個(gè)音節(jié)ten(閉音節(jié))中的n就不用雙寫，因?yàn)橹刈x在第一個(gè)音節(jié)lis上。 二．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法 1. 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 常和now連用，有時(shí)用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如look（看）、listen（聽）來表示now（現(xiàn)在）這一時(shí)間概念。 Look！A train is coming. 看！火車來了。 Listen！He is playing the piano. 聽！他在彈鋼琴。 2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作 但不一定是說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（這幾天）等時(shí)間狀語連用。 What lesson are you studying this week？你們本周學(xué)哪一課了？（說話時(shí)并不在學(xué)） 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 即是說可以用來代替將來時(shí)，但此時(shí)，一般要與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，而且僅限于少量動(dòng)詞。如：go（去）、come（來）、leave（離開）、start（開始）、arrive（到達(dá)）、return（返回）、sleep（睡覺）、… Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow？你明天去天津嗎？ How many of you are Coming to the party next week？ 你們有多少人下周要來參加晚會(huì)？ 4. be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 這一句型表示即將發(fā)生的事或打算（準(zhǔn)備）做的事，我們把它歸在將來時(shí)里了。 she isn't going to speak at the meeting. 她不打算在會(huì)議上發(fā)言。 注意：如果沒有表示將來時(shí)間的狀語，此類句子就可能指現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作。 Where are you going next week？ 下周你計(jì)劃去哪兒？用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)，因?yàn)橛衝ext week（下周）這一時(shí)間狀語。 Where are you going？你現(xiàn)在去哪兒？ 因?yàn)闆]有表示將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，所以就按句型來翻譯，即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 5. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)性的動(dòng)作。 He walks to work. 他步行上班。（習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作） He's walking to work because his bike is being repaired. 他現(xiàn)在走著上班，因?yàn)樗淖孕熊囌谛蘩?。（只是暫時(shí)的情況） Where does he live？ 他家住在哪兒？（詢問一般的情況） Where is he living（staying）？ 他這幾天住在哪兒？（詢問暫時(shí)一段時(shí)間的情況） 6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)說話人的某種感情，使句子有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。 常與always，forever連用。 You are always forgetting the important thing. 你總是把重要的事情忘掉。（表達(dá)出不滿的情緒） Mary is doing fine work at school. 瑪麗在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)得挺不錯(cuò)。 三.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)幾種句型用法： ① 陳述句(肯定句) 　 主語＋be　(am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞，如： 　　I am reading English. 我正在讀英語。 He is writing. 他正在寫字?！? You are running. 你正在跑步。 ② 一般疑問句 　 Be(Am, Is, Are)+主語＋現(xiàn)在分詞，如： 　　1. -Are you singing? 你正在唱歌嗎？　-Yes, I am. 是的，我在唱歌。 　　 (No, I'm not. 不，我不在唱歌。) 　　2. -Is he (she) listening to music? 他(她)在聽音樂嗎？ 　　-Yes, he (she) is. 是的，他(她)在聽音樂。 　　[No, he (she) isn't. 不，他(她)不在聽音樂。] ③ 特殊疑問句 　 疑問詞＋be (am, is, are)＋主語＋現(xiàn)在分詞，如： 1. -What are you doing? 你正在干什么？ 　 -I am doing my homework. 我正在做作業(yè)。 　 2. -What is he (she) doing? 他(她)正在干什么？ 　　 -He (She) is riding a bike. 他(她)正在騎自行車。 ④否定句 主語＋be(am, is, are)＋not+現(xiàn)在分詞 I am not reading English我不在讀英語。 【注】 這里的現(xiàn)在分詞指的是v-ing形式；像look(看)、listen(聽)、now(現(xiàn)在) 常出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)句子中。請(qǐng)看： 1.Look! Jack is swimming. 看！杰克正在游泳。 　　2.Listen! She is singing. 聽！她正在唱歌。 　　3.I am cleaning my room now. 現(xiàn)在我正在打掃房間。 【NO.2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專練： 一．按要求改寫句子 1.  The boy is playing basketball. 否定句： 一般疑問句：_________________________ 肯定回答：________________________否定回答：_________________________ 劃線提問：__________________________ 2.造句。 1).she, the window, open, now. (用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.) 2).is, who, the window, cleaning? (連詞成句) 3).She is closing the door now. (改成否定句) 4.)You are doing your homework. (用"I"作主語改寫句子) 5).they, the tree, sing, now, under. (用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.) 6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman. (改成一般疑問句) 二．單項(xiàng)選擇 （ ）1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I'm look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby. ( )2._____friend's making ______a kite. (A)I, me (B)My, my (C)My, me (D)His, his ( )3.Is the woman wearing______ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having ( )4.Look!The twins_____ their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking ( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where  ( )6.Is she____ something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats ( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do? ( )8.What are you listening_____? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to ( )9.我正在聽他說話. (A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him. (C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him. ( )10.They are_____ their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on ( )11.Listen! She____ in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing ( )12.Today Jim______ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing ( )13.______are you eating? I'm eating______ meat. (A)What, some (B)Which, any (C)Where, not (D)What, a ( )14.They______TV in the evening. They do their homework. (A)are watching (B)can't watching (C)don't watch (D)don't watching ( )15.The children_____ football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a ( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他們喜歡放風(fēng)箏. (B)他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏嗎? (C)他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏. (D)他們常放風(fēng)箏. ( )17.-Look,They are swimming in the river. -I want_____ you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_____ a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing 三．用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)完成下列句子。 1.What_________you__________(do)? 2.I_____________(sing) an English song. 3.What________he____________(mend)? 4.He______________(mend) a car. 5.-______you__________(fly) a kite? -Yes,_______. 6.______she___________(sit) in the boat? 7.______you_____________(ask) questions? 8.We_______________(play) games now. 【NO.3】基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法 表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫做數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞又分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。 一. 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成和用法 1.基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下： （1）從1——10 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten． （2）從 11——19 eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen， nineteen． 這里除 eleven，twelve，thirteen，fifteen，eighteen為特殊形式外，fourteen，sixteen，seventeen，nineteen都是由其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。 （3）從 21——99 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty為特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí)，在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“－” 。 21～99 的兩位數(shù)，十位與個(gè)位之間用連字符“－”。例： ◇ 21 twenty－one ◇ 32thirty－two ◇ 98 ninety－eight ◇ 99ninety－nine （4）百位數(shù)：個(gè)數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and． 101～999的三位數(shù)，百位數(shù)和后面的數(shù)之間用連詞and，百、千等數(shù)詞一律用單數(shù)形式。例： ◇ 101 one hundred and one ◇ 225 two hundred and twenty five ◇ 999 nine hundred and ninety－nine （5）千位數(shù)以上：從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“，”。從右開始，第一個(gè)“，”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand，第二個(gè)“，”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million，第三個(gè)“，”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。 例： ◇ 2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight ◇ 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four ◇ 5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-four （6）基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí)，不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不 確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬，三三兩兩時(shí)，基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。 There are hundreds of people in the hall．大廳里有數(shù)以百計(jì)的人。 Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day． 每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。 有時(shí)兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式的基數(shù)詞連用可寫為： hundreds of thousands of , tens of hundreds of 等。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes．他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡骸? 2.基數(shù)詞的用法 ① 作主語。例： ◇ Ten is a very important number． 十是一個(gè)很重要的數(shù)字。 ◇ Two and three are （is） five． 2加3等于5。 ② 作定語。例： ◇ One kilometer is equal to two li． 1公里等于2華里。 ◇ She has three brothers． 她有三個(gè)兄弟。 ③ 作賓語。例： ◇ I wanted three but he gave me five． 我想要三個(gè)，但他給了我五個(gè)。 ◇ I get up before six every day． 我每天六點(diǎn)之前起床。 ④ 作表語。例： ◇ —What time is it？幾點(diǎn)鐘啦？ —It’s ten． 十點(diǎn)。 3.疑難點(diǎn) hundred，thousand和million在合成數(shù)詞中一般用單數(shù)形式，但是用來表示不定數(shù)目時(shí)，用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ◇ Hundreds of workers will go on strike． ◇ Thousands of people are swimming in the river． 此時(shí) hundred，thousand等詞前沒有數(shù)詞修飾，且通常其復(fù)數(shù)形式與of 連用。 二. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成與用法 1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 ① 一般來說，是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th構(gòu)成。例： ◇ four ＋ th → fourth ◇ six ＋ th → sixth ◇ seven ＋ th → seventh ◇ ten ＋ th → tenth ② 下面這些基數(shù)詞在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí)，有特殊的變化。例： ◇ one → first ◇ two → second ◇ three → third ◇ five → fifth ◇ eight → eighth ◇ nine → ninth ◇ twelve → twelfth ③ 十位整數(shù)序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將基數(shù)詞的詞y變成i，然后再加eth。例： ◇ twenty → twentieth ◇ thirty → thirtieth ◇ forty → fortieth ◇ ninety → ninetieth ④ 兩位或兩位以上的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，僅將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。例： ◇ twenty－one → twenty－first ◇ thirty－five → thirty－fifth ◇ a hundred and fifty－three → a hundred and fifty－third 2.序數(shù)詞的用法 ① 序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)，一般加上定冠詞。例： ◇ the first book ◇ the second floor ◇ the third day ◇ the fourth week． ② 序數(shù)詞在多數(shù)情況下都用作定語，有的也可以作表語、主語和賓語。例： ◇ The may 1st is Labour Day． 五月一日是勞動(dòng)節(jié)。 ◇ My room is on the second floor． 我的房間在二樓。 ◇ The first is larger than the second． （主語） 第一個(gè)比第二個(gè)大。 ◇ Read the book from the first．（賓語） 從開頭讀這本書。 ◇ You’ll be the sixth to write． （表語） 你將是第六個(gè)寫的。 ③ 序數(shù)詞的前面可以加上不定冠詞，用來表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。例： ◇ You may have a third try． 你可以第三次嘗試。 3.時(shí)間表示法 ① 時(shí)間都由基數(shù)詞表示。例： ◇ It’s nine． 現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)。 ◇ It’s not five yet． 還不到五點(diǎn)。 有時(shí)后面要加o’clock，但在口語中通常省略。 ② 幾點(diǎn)幾分表示法有兩種形式。 A.倒讀法：與漢語順序不同，先讀“分”后說“點(diǎn)”。30分鐘以內(nèi)，用“分鐘數(shù)”＋past ＋“ 鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)”表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”，超過30分鐘，用“分鐘數(shù)”＋ to＋ “下一個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)”表示“差幾 分到幾點(diǎn)”。15分鐘也可以用a quarter，30分鐘也可以用a half。例： ◇ 2：15 a quarter past two ◇ 2：45 a quarter to three ◇ 1：55 five to two ◇ 7：05 five past seven ◇ 5：35 thirty five past five ◇ 9：30 half past nine 只有指幾點(diǎn)鐘整時(shí)才用o’clock，如ten o’clock，但不可以說seven past ten o’clock． B.順讀法：與漢語順序相同，連用兩個(gè)基數(shù)詞，第一個(gè)表示“點(diǎn)鐘”，第二個(gè)表示“分鐘”。例： ◇ 5：40 five forty ◇ 2：30 two thirty ◇ 1：15 one fifteen 這時(shí)的15和30不能用a quarter, a half代替。 4.日期表示法 ① 年的讀法：用基數(shù)詞，分成兩位一讀。例： ◇ 1949 nineteen forty－nine ◇ 1840 eighteen forty ② 月份的名稱要大寫。例： ◇ January ◇ February ◇ March ◇ April ③ 日期用序數(shù)詞表示，前面可加the，也可以省略。例： ◇ 5月4日 May （the） fourth ◇ 10月1日 October （the） first ④ 年、月、日的順序：在英語中， 按月、日、年的順序來讀。例： ◇ 1949年10月1日 October （the） first nineteen forty－nine ◇ 1999年5月1日 May （the） first nineteen ninety－nine 表示在“在某年、在某月”用介詞in，如in2000，in September，表示“在某日”用介詞on，如on July 8。 5.編號(hào)的讀法 ① 表示“第幾課（部分，章或節(jié)）”時(shí)，用序數(shù)詞時(shí)，前面一定要加冠詞；用基數(shù)詞時(shí)，不用冠詞，但 語序與漢語相反。例： ◇ lesson one → the first lesson ◇ part three → the third part ② 當(dāng)數(shù)字較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，通常用基數(shù)詞。例： ◇ 第219頁 page 219 （two one nine） ◇ 第306號(hào)房間 room 306 （three o six） ◇ 第六路公共汽車 bus number six ◇ 電話號(hào)碼 885316 telephone number885316 （eight eight five three one six） 6.倍數(shù)的用法 ① The train arrived half an hour late． 火車晚到了半個(gè)小時(shí)。 half 是形容詞。 ② He has three times as many books as I have． 他的書有我的三倍多。 “～的幾倍”的說法，兩倍用twice，注意表示倍數(shù)的詞在句中的位置。 【NO.4】完型+閱讀： 完形填空。 Mr．Wang teaches English in a middle schoo1．He likes his work 26 ．He wanted to be a teacher even when he 27 a young boy． In his English lesson，Mr．Wang 28 teaches poems．He likes poems a lot，and he likes Shakespeare’s poems 29 of all． In his fifth class today, Mr．Wang taught a poem．He wrote the poem on the 30 and read it．As soon as he finished 31 the poem，the students began to ask questions．He answered all the questions．Then he told his students to talk about the poem． 32 one wanted to stop when the bell rang． 33 home，Mr．Wang thought about the fifth class．He was happy about what he did as a teacher．Every one of his students 34 the poem．When they started to talk，they forgot about the time．He did not have to ask them 35 ．He only had to answer the questions and help them understand the poem． 26．A．very many B．too many C．very much D．too much 27．A．was B．is C．were D．a(chǎn)re 28．A．never B．ever C．sometimes D．seldom 29．A．better B．worse C．well D．best 30．A．desk B．wall C．chair D．blackboard 31．A．reading B．to read C．read D．doing 32．A．Not B．No C．Have no D．Any 33．A．By the way B．To his way C．On his way D．In the Way 34．A．liked B．worked C．read D．wanted 35．A．learning B．to learn C．learn D．Learnt 閱讀理解。 B What do we do when we go to camp? First，we work out a plan．We take food, clothing，a knife，and things for cooking and eating．We take things to keep us away from insects and the sun． Then we put everything into the car and we drive to the woods．We look for a place for campers and we look for a good place for our tent．The place should have a lot of moving air．This will keep some insects away．High land with water on both sides of it is good．Then we put up our tent．We put everything into the tent，and we are ready for fun．We can swim in the lake，walk in the woods，climb a mountain，row a boat，or go fishing. In the evening，we come back to the tent．We build a big fire because it can keep the insects away．We sit around the fire and talk．We may tell interesting stories or we may sing songs。 At night we lie down on the grass．We can look up at the stars．It is a busy day, so we try to go to sleep early． Everything is dark．Everything is quiet。We hope we won’t hear music from the radio in the next tent．We hope it won’t rain． 39．Before going to camp we should first ． A．work out a plan B．take some food C．take things to keep us warm D．take something for cooking and eating 40．We go to camp ． A．by bus B．by car C．by bike D．on foot 41．Campers can take part in activities． A．one or two B．only a few C．many D．two or three 42．In the evening we build a fire because ． A．it is cold at night B．it can keep us warm C．it can keep the insects away D．it is dark and quiet C Mr．Smile changed his job．He and his wife moved to another town．They did not have many friends there，but they soon met a lot of interesting people．After a few weeks they often went to dinner or to parties at other people’s homes． One day Mrs．Smile said to her husband，“I think we have many friends now, and we must invite them to our place．What about a big party on December 5th?” “Good idea! But how many will be there?”Mr．Smile asked．“Don’t invite too many.” Then Mrs．Smile began to write：“Party：6：00 to 9：00 p．m.” “That isn’t very nice，”Mr．Smile said．“You are telling people that they must go at 9：00．”So Mrs．Smile just wrote，“Party：6：00 P．m．” A lot of people came on that day, and they all had a good time，so they did not go home at 9：00．In fact，they were still there at midnight when the doorbell rang and a policeman arrived． He said，“Excuse me，sir．You must stop making so much noise．Someone telephoned us to complain about it．”Mr．Smile told the guests，so everyone went home．They felt sorry they had to leave． When Mr．a(chǎn)nd Mrs．Smile were alone again，she said to him，“That was a surprise! Who telephoned the police?” “I did，”Mr．Smile answered in a tired voice． 43．When did the party start? A．At 6：00 p．m． B．At 9：00p．m． C．In the midnight． D．Not mentioned．(提及) 44．Why did the policeman come? A．He heard the loud noise． B．He didn’t like music． C．He’d like to join them． D．He got a complaining call and came to check it． 45．What do you think of Mr．Smile? A．He is rude． B．He is helpful． C．He is clever． D．He is impolite．