廣東省2013年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法熱點(diǎn)突破第七講 連詞和關(guān)系詞

2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)廣東版 語(yǔ)法熱點(diǎn)突破 第七講　連詞和關(guān)系詞 一、并列連詞 內(nèi)涵 單個(gè)連詞 復(fù)合連詞 順承 and（和，同），when（恰好在這時(shí)） not_only...but_（also）（不但……而且），both... and （既……又，……和……兩個(gè)都），neither...nor（既不……也不） 選擇 or（否則） otherwise（否則） or else否則 轉(zhuǎn)折 but（但是，可是），yet（然而，可是） 對(duì)比 while（而，卻，反之） not...but（不是……而是） 因果 for（因?yàn)椋?，so（因此，所以） 說(shuō)明 祈使句（表示條件）＋and/or＋陳述句（謂語(yǔ)多用將來(lái)時(shí)）＝if條件句＋陳述句 并列連詞when主要用于主語(yǔ)＋was/were doing sth.＋when sb./sth. did；主語(yǔ)＋was/were about to do sth.＋when sb./sth. did；主語(yǔ)＋was/were on the point of doing sth.＋when sb./sth.did；主語(yǔ)＋had done sth.＋when sb./sth. did等句型中，表示“當(dāng)主語(yǔ)正在做、正要做、剛剛做完某事，這時(shí)突然發(fā)生另外一件事”。 二、狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 狀語(yǔ)從 句種類 連詞 時(shí)間 when（當(dāng)……時(shí)候），while（在……期間），as（當(dāng)……，一邊……一邊），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），since（自從……以來(lái)），till/until（直到……才），whenever（無(wú)論何時(shí)），as soon as （一……就） 條件 if（如果），unless（＝if...not）（除非，如果不），once（一旦），while（＝as/so long as只要），as/so long as（只要），on condition that（在……的條件下），supposing/provided/providing （that）（假如） 原因 because（因?yàn)椋琣s（由于），since（既然），now that（既然），seeing （that）（由于，鑒于），considering （that）（考慮到），given （that）（考慮到） 結(jié)果 such...that（如此……以至于），so...that（如此……以至于），so that（結(jié)果，以至于） 目的 lest（免得，以免），so that（為了，以便），in case（以防萬(wàn)一，以免），in order that（為了，以便），for fear that（以免，唯恐） 地點(diǎn) where（在哪里，在……地方），wherever（無(wú)論在哪里，在任何地方） 比較 than（比），as...as（和……一樣），not so/as...as（和……不一樣），the more... the more（越……越） 方式 as（正如，像，按照），as_if（＝as though似乎，好像） 讓步 though（雖然），although（雖然），as（盡管，雖然），while（雖然），even_if（＝even though即使），whether...or（不論/不管……還是），what等疑問(wèn)詞＋ever（無(wú)論……），no matter＋what等疑問(wèn)詞（無(wú)論/不管……） 三、定語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)詞 關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who，whom，whose，as 關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why→在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。 定語(yǔ)從句三步： 第一找出先行詞； 第二看引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）； 第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。 （一）1．修飾物時(shí)只用which不用that的情況。 （1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。如： Bamboo is hollow，which makes it light. （2）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)。如： This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived. 2．修飾人時(shí)只用who不用that的情況。 （1）先行詞為one，ones，anyone，those指代人時(shí)。如： The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well. I don't like those who look down upon others. （2）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用whom。如： The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago. （二）way在定語(yǔ)從句中作先行詞的用法 當(dāng)先行詞為way，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用in which，that或省略引導(dǎo)詞。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用which或that引導(dǎo)。如： This is the way that/in_which/省略 I do such things. I don't like the way that/in_which/省略 he looks at me. This is the way that/which he has thought out. （三）若先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，不能草率地認(rèn)為定語(yǔ)從句就一定用when和where引導(dǎo)，而是需要弄清從句中缺少什么成分，然后再確定恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。 This is the room where I lived last year. This is the house that/which I bought last year. This is the shop where I bought my bike. This is the room that/which I lived in last year. （四）定語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句等的區(qū)別。如果兩個(gè)句子之間是分號(hào)，或有and，but，so等連接詞，則這兩個(gè)句子為兩個(gè)并列句；如果兩個(gè)句子之間是逗號(hào)，且沒(méi)有上述的連接詞，則這兩個(gè)句子之間就是主從關(guān)系，須有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。尤其值得注意的是，逗號(hào)后面也許根本就不是一個(gè)句子，而只是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)。 （1）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，which I will always treasure. （2）They have more than 100 books；most of them are English. （3）They have more than 100 books，most of which are English. （3）They have more than 100 books，and most of them are English. 四、名詞性從句 （一）引導(dǎo)詞 1．that沒(méi)有任何意義，不作任何句子成分，只起連接作用，故常可省略。 2．if/whether意為“是否”。 3．who，which，what，when，where，how，whoever（凡是……的人）等連接代詞或連接副詞，這些詞本身有詞義，也作句子成分，連接代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 （二） 1．that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，沒(méi)有任何意義，也不作任何句子成分；但that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它代替先行詞，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如： I still remember the promise that he made.我依然記得他許下的諾言。（定語(yǔ)從句） The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise.那個(gè)淘氣的孩子保證說(shuō)他以后再也不吵鬧了。（同位語(yǔ)從句） 2．what可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于“the＋名詞＋that”，表示“（所）……的”。 （1）What_（＝The_thing_that）_you_said was right.你所說(shuō)的是正確的。 （2）I don't know what to say. （3）I like everything that you told me. 3．主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；為使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 （1）China has a longhistory that is known to all. →It's_known_to_all_that_China_has_a_long_history. 4．表語(yǔ)從句還可以用as if，as though引導(dǎo)。 5．表示“是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用if或whether，但在介詞后或與or not連用時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句或位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用whether，不用if。 （1）Whether we will go shopping tomorrow depends on the weather. （2）Let me know whether or not you can come. 6．同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名詞之后，說(shuō)明或解釋這些抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容。多用that引導(dǎo)，不能由which引導(dǎo)。 The fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised.他一直說(shuō)謊這個(gè)事實(shí)使我們感到驚訝。 7．當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句帶有補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。 （1）I find it necessary that we study English well. （2）She has made it clear that she will get married next month. 8．在表示“建議”“命令”“要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，request等詞后的名詞性從句，其謂語(yǔ)通常用“（should＋）動(dòng)詞原形”。 My suggestion is that we should_set_off right now. 即時(shí)訓(xùn)練 并列連詞練習(xí) Ⅰ．用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空 1．Tom was about to close the window ______ his attention was caught by a bird. 2．Hurry up，______ we'll be late for the train. 3．I am reading a novel，______ she is reading a letter. 4．______ does Jack do his work well，______ he helps others with their work. 5．She must be out，______ the lights are out. 6．______ she did not speak clearly ______ I did not hear well. 7．I never saw him again and ______ did I hear from him. 8．Use your head，______ you'll find a way. 9．Something went wrong with my bike this afternoon，______ I walked home. 10．Li Ping doesn't talk much，______ he thinks a lot. Ⅱ．語(yǔ)篇填空 One day I was playing the piano 1.______ I heard a knock at the door.It was my neighbour Jack.He wanted to buy a second­hand piano.Everyone said I played the piano well,2.______ he asked me to help to judge the tone of the piano.We arrived at the owner's house and I looked the piano over,3.______ sat down and played a mixture of honky­tonk numbers 4.______ classical pieces.When I finished，I said that the wood was rotten，but 5.______ the sound was good and （6）______ he should buy it. When he told the woman he agreed to buy it，to his great 7.______，she began to cry.8.______ （concern），he asked，“What's the matter？” “We didn't know the piano 9.______ play like that，” she replied.The piano wasn't for sale,10.______ her daughter had to resume（重新開(kāi)始）taking piano lessons. 狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí) Ⅰ．用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或代詞填空 1．Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or______ it is convenient to you. 2．He had no sooner finished his speech ______ the students started cheering. 3．Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him ______ he had done something very clever. 4．He had his camera ready ______ he saw something that would make a good picture. 5．If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won't bother to see it，or I'll wait ______ it comes out on DVD． 6．The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live a safe life. 7．It was a nice meal，______ a little expensive. 8．The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her. 9．Today，we will begin ______ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. 10．The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife. 11．John thinks it won't be long ______ he is ready for his new job. 12．You may use the room as you like ______ you clean it up afterwards. 13．______ the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him. Ⅱ．用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1．Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display. 2．The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______ are built close to each other. 3．We've offered her the job，but I don't know ______ she'll accept it. 4．The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 5．Julie was good at German，F(xiàn)rench and Russian，all of ______ she spoke fluently. 6．Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，______，of course，made all the others upset. 7．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other. 8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ______ uses it somewhat differently. 9．A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 10．It was never clear ______ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. 11．It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 12．When the news came ______ the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army. 13．His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ______it is he is trying to express. 14．I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer，which is ______ he never finishes anything. 15．I'd like to start my own business—that's ______ I'd do if I had the money. 16．______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 17．Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases. 18．The villagers have already known ______ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge. 19．There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. 20．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，______ the audience can buy ice­cream. 21．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction ______ had taken more than three years. 22．I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 23．The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. 24．Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T­shirt，______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 25．The school shop，______ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays. 參考答案 第七講　連詞和關(guān)系詞 并列連詞練習(xí) Ⅰ．1．when　2．or/otherwise　3．while　4．Not only；but also　5．for　6．Either；or　7．nor/neither　8．a(chǎn)nd　9．so　10．but Ⅱ．1．when　2．so　3．then　4．a(chǎn)nd　5．still　6．therefore　7．surprise　8．Concerned　9．could/should　10．a(chǎn)nd 狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí) Ⅰ．1．whenever　2．than　3．a(chǎn)s if　4．in case　5．until　6．in order that　7．though　8．before　9．where　10．because　11．before　12．so long as　13．Although Ⅱ．1．where　2．that　3．whether　4．when　5．which　6．which　7．which/that　8．which　9．where　10．why　11．whether　12．that　13．what　14．why　15．what　16．What　17．that　18．what　19．that 20．when　21．of which　22．where　23．whose　24．which　25．whose