必修三unit 5 同位語從句

必修三必修三unit 5 unit 5 同位語從同位語從句句主語從句主語從句表語從句表語從句賓語從句賓語從句同位語從句同位語從句名詞名詞名名詞詞性性從從句句主語主語表語表語賓語賓語同位語同位語1.名詞作同位語名詞作同位語 MrWang,mychildsteacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。2.短語作同位語短語作同位語 I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。同位語：同位語：與其前的詞或短語表達(dá)的是同一事物。與其前的詞或短語表達(dá)的是同一事物。3.直接引語作同位語直接引語作同位語Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎？”4.句子作同位語句子作同位語 ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。1.I have no idea why you are so tired every day.2.The fact that we dont get enough sleep is absolutely true.3.I have been thinking about the question whether we should be given more free time.4.We all know the truth that nothing is more important than health.ideaThe factthe questionthe truth同位語從句的作用同位語從句的作用:?進(jìn)一步解釋、說明前面名詞進(jìn)一步解釋、說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。的具體內(nèi)容。Activity 1 Read and find 同位語從句同位語從句被修飾的名詞通常為_名詞,如：_,_,hope,wish,_,order,_,_,belief,truth,theory,decision,conclusion,promise,_,_,plan,_Summary(1):抽象factnewsopinionquestionproblemthoughtsuggestionidea定義定義:同位語從句一般放在同位語從句一般放在_的的后面，用以后面，用以 _ 名詞所表示的名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容具體內(nèi)容。在句中作同位語。在句中作同位語。某些抽象名詞某些抽象名詞解釋或說明解釋或說明結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞名詞 +引引導(dǎo)詞導(dǎo)詞 +從從句句同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.從屬連詞-that,whether2.連接代詞-what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever 3.連接副詞-when,where,how,why（注：（注：if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。）不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。）1.從屬連詞從屬連詞：that,whether(1)連詞連詞 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句（引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的 that 不能省略不能省略）如同位語從句意義、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，則用如同位語從句意義、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，則用that（即（即that不充當(dāng)不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用）任何成分，只起連接作用）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.(作 idea的同位語)The news that our team has won the match is true.(作 news 的同位語)He presented evidence that his article was based on original research.(作 evidence 的同位語)e.g:He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。e.g:The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。(2)(2)連詞連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)同位語從句引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：（注：if 不不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）如同位語從句意義不完整，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，需增加如同位語從句意義不完整，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，需增加“是否是否”的含義，則用的含義，則用whether2.連接代詞：連接代詞：what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引導(dǎo)同位語從引導(dǎo)同位語從句句e.g:I have no idea what size shoes she wears.(what作定語作定語)e.g:I have no idea which wine is best its a matter of personal taste.(which 作定語作定語)e.g:The question who will take his place is still not clear.(who作主語作主語)e.g:These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.3.連接副詞：連接副詞：when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)同位語從句引導(dǎo)同位語從句e.g:We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.e.g:You have no idea how worried I was.e.g:My original question,why he did it at all,has not been answered.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時候什么時候”、“什什么地點(diǎn)么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用連接副詞等含義，應(yīng)用連接副詞when,where,how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句。等詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句。Activity 2 Choose the proper introductive words1.The question _ should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.2.I have no idea _ the driver made phone call when driving.3.The fact _two pupils were killed cant be accepted by their parents.4.I have some doubt _ he is suitable for the job.5.The problem _we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.whowhythatwhetherwhen引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞功能功能功能功能例詞例詞例詞例詞從屬從屬從屬從屬連詞連詞連詞連詞只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句中的任何成分。從句中的任何成分。從句中的任何成分。從句中的任何成分。that,whether連接連接連接連接代詞代詞代詞代詞既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句中擔(dān)任成分。中擔(dān)任成分。中擔(dān)任成分。中擔(dān)任成分。who,what ，whose,which連接連接連接連接副詞副詞副詞副詞既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句中擔(dān)任成分（狀語）。中擔(dān)任成分（狀語）。中擔(dān)任成分（狀語）。中擔(dān)任成分（狀語）。when,where,why,how 復(fù)合代詞復(fù)合代詞復(fù)合代詞復(fù)合代詞&復(fù)合副詞復(fù)合副詞復(fù)合副詞復(fù)合副詞既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句既起連接作用，又在從句中擔(dān)任成分（主語、賓語、中擔(dān)任成分（主語、賓語、中擔(dān)任成分（主語、賓語、中擔(dān)任成分（主語、賓語、表語或定語、狀語）。表語或定語、狀語）。表語或定語、狀語）。表語或定語、狀語）。whoever,whatever,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,whichever,whenever,wherever,howeverwherever,howeverwhetherwhathowhowever一.一.填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞,并判斷是定語從句還并判斷是定語從句還 是同位語從句是同位語從句.1.The fact _ he used to be a thief is known to us.2.We were surprised by the fact _ she told us.3.The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.4.Word came _ our army had won the battle.5.The president had given an order _ everyone in the country should prepare for war _ might last for several years.thatthat/which thatthatthatthat6.Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.7.There is no doubt _ he has told a lie.8.You have no idea _ anxious I was!9.The coat is in the place _ you left it.10.Then across the question about _ we were to get the machines needed.thatthathowwherewhere同位語從句同位語從句-特殊形式特殊形式 1.間隔同位語從句間隔同位語從句 當(dāng)主語和位于比較短的時候，同位語從句常當(dāng)主語和位于比較短的時候，同位語從句常被分離。被分離。主語主語(本位語本位語)+)+謂語謂語+同位語從句同位語從句 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday 簡析：由于that從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句 當(dāng)由于表達(dá)當(dāng)由于表達(dá)不同意義不同意義的需要，同位語的需要，同位語從句也會被句子其它成分隔開。從句也會被句子其它成分隔開。一、一、被被狀語狀語隔開隔開 We have no idea at all that he has gone.我們一點(diǎn)兒都不知道他已經(jīng)走了。我們一點(diǎn)兒都不知道他已經(jīng)走了。二、二、被被定語定語隔開隔開 Far from the truth are the words given by the observer that John was not murdered.約翰不是被謀殺的約翰不是被謀殺的,目擊者所說的這些話遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不目擊者所說的這些話遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不符合事實符合事實2.suggestion,request和和order等名詞后的同位等名詞后的同位語從句用語從句用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她請求立即請醫(yī)生來。簡析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名詞后接同位語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用“(should+)動詞原形”的形式，其中should一詞可省略。3.短語及固定句式后的同位語從句短語及固定句式后的同位語從句 I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。簡析：短語on condition,on supposition,on the ground(s),on the understanding,with the exception,in spite of the fact,on the assumption及句式 there be+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,)后的that從句為同位語從句。1.I have a hope that all of you will go to college.2.I hate the fact that he told me.3.I hate the fact that he always tells lies4.Titanic is the ship that sank into the ocean.5.He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句定語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句 Activity 3 判斷以下是什么從句同位語從句與定語從句同位語從句與定語從句的的不同之處（不同之處（1 1）同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步_前面名詞的內(nèi)容前面名詞的內(nèi)容;定語從句用來定語從句用來_前面的名詞。前面的名詞。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（同位語從句說明（同位語從句說明“消息消息”的內(nèi)容：的內(nèi)容：_）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定語從句對（定語從句對“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是_，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）Summary(3):解釋說明修飾限定我們隊取得了決賽勝利我們隊取得了決賽勝利你告訴我的你告訴我的Tip1:抽象名抽象名詞詞后面的從句如果是一個完整后面的從句如果是一個完整的句子的句子,則該則該從句從句為為同位同位語語從句。反之，多從句。反之，多為為定定語語從句。從句。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.The news that you told us is really encouraging.Summary(3):同位語從句與定語從句同位語從句與定語從句的的不同之處（不同之處（2 2）在從句中充當(dāng)成分嗎？在從句中充當(dāng)成分嗎？that同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句不作成分，無意義，不能省指代先行詞，作成分，作賓語可省1.Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.2.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.Tip2:在先行在先行詞詞與與從句之與與從句之間間加一個加一個“is”,使之構(gòu)成使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果句子通一個新句子，如果句子通順順且符合且符合邏輯邏輯，則為則為同位同位語語從句。反之，從句。反之，則為則為定定語語從句。從句。is（）同位語從句同位語從句is（）定語從句定語從句同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別類別類別性質(zhì)性質(zhì)功能功能引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that的作用的作用Wh-引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞的作用的作用同位同位語語從句從句定語定語從句從句形容形容詞性詞性修飾修飾限定限定既替代先行既替代先行詞，同時也詞，同時也在句中做某在句中做某種成分，做種成分，做賓語可以省賓語可以省略。略。關(guān)系詞沒有疑關(guān)系詞沒有疑問意義問意義,可替換可替換先行詞先行詞.名詞性名詞性只起連接作用，只起連接作用，不做成分不做成分,不不能省略。能省略。不能替換所修不能替換所修飾的名詞飾的名詞,有有疑問意義。疑問意義。補(bǔ)充補(bǔ)充說明說明1.填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，并判斷是定語從句填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，并判斷是定語從句還是同位語從句：還是同位語從句：1)The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all.2)We were surprised by the fact _ she told us.3)The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.that同同that/which定定that定定測試性評價測試性評價4)Word came _ our army had won the battle.5)Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.that同同that同同6)There is no doubt _ he has told a lie.7)You have no idea _ excited I was!8)The coat is in the place _ you left it.where定定that同同how同同練習(xí)練習(xí)1.Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面兩個句子連成一個含同位語從句把下面兩個句子連成一個含同位語從句的復(fù)合句。的復(fù)合句。2.The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.3.Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online./Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.4.Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.5.Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.6.We dont think you two have met before.我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。(賓語從句賓語從句)翻譯句子翻譯句子,并說明這個名詞性從句的作用。并說明這個名詞性從句的作用。7.It is certain that John will do well in his exam.約翰肯定會考好。約翰肯定會考好。(主語從句主語從句)8.Whether they are coming or not dont matter too much.他們來不來無關(guān)緊要。他們來不來無關(guān)緊要。(主語從句主語從句)9.Now is when we need him most.現(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時候?，F(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時候。(表語從句表語從句)10.I have no idea how she got through the forest.我不知道她是如何穿過那個森林的。我不知道她是如何穿過那個森林的。(同位語從句同位語從句)11.The fact that they won the prize made us happy.他們獲獎的事實令我們高興。他們獲獎的事實令我們高興。(同位語從句同位語從句)1.Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities;thisistheinformation_hasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Icantstandtheterriblenoise_sheiscryingloudly.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that4.Thefact_hefailedintheexamisnottheone_hetoldme.A.which;thatB.that;/C.which;whichD./;thatChoose the best answer1.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_ a cure for AIDS will be found.A.which B.that C.what D.whether2.A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday A.if B.when C.that D.which3.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A.why B.that C.where D.because 典例題解典例題解4.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether5.Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which6.Ive heard a whisper _ David and Heather are heading for marriage.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.thatTips:1.觀察名詞，是否為常引導(dǎo)同位語從句的名詞。觀察名詞，是否為常引導(dǎo)同位語從句的名詞。2.抓出句子主干。抓出句子主干。3.分析從句結(jié)構(gòu)分析從句結(jié)構(gòu),判斷是否缺成分。判斷是否缺成分。Exercise Proof reading1.Do you have any idea that is actually going on in the classroom?2.Father made a promise that I passed the exam,he would buy me a bicycle.3.The order that the army should get to the top of the mountain before the daybreak came.4.The only fact is that most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occurwhatifcame結(jié)束語結(jié)束語謝謝大家聆聽！謝謝大家聆聽！42