詞匯學(xué)之構(gòu)詞法PPT課件

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),故事時(shí)間,欣賞故事,讓我們來(lái)看不同動(dòng)物吧,When life offers you a dream so far beyond any of expectations,its not reasonable to grieve when it comes an end.,英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)之構(gòu)詞法,3,構(gòu)詞法(word-formation),4,主要構(gòu)詞法,合成法,派生法,轉(zhuǎn)化法,其它,合成法(compound),一、概念,將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)新詞的構(gòu)詞法稱(chēng)為,合成法,。,二、方法,1.,直接寫(xiě)在一起,bed,room,news,paper,horse,back,2.,用連字符,(-),連接,part,-time,good,-looking,second,-hand,3.,由兩個(gè)分開(kāi)的詞構(gòu)成,black,list,black,sea,black,sheep,三、類(lèi)別,1.,合成名詞,2.,合成動(dòng)詞,3.,合成形容詞,4.,合成副詞和合成代詞,5,合成詞：,由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)詞,合成名詞,合成副詞,合成形容詞,合成代詞,一、合成名詞,1,、名詞,+,名詞,=,名詞,air+port=airport,機(jī)場(chǎng),basket+ball=basketball,籃球,class+room=classroom,教室,silk+worm=silkworm,蠶,2,、形容詞,+,名詞,=,名詞,black+board=blackboard,黑板,brief+case=briefcase,公文包,green+house=green-house,溫室,short+hand=shorthand,縮寫(xiě)、速寫(xiě),3,、動(dòng)詞,+,名詞,=,名詞,play+ground=playground,操場(chǎng),spring+board=springboard,跳板、出發(fā)點(diǎn),pick+pocket=pickpocket,扒手、小偷,break+water=break-water,防洪堤,4,、名詞,+,動(dòng)詞,=,名詞,sun+shine=sunshine,陽(yáng)光,sun+set=sunset,日落,sunrise,日出,5,、動(dòng)名詞,+,名詞,=,名詞,reading-room,閱覽室,waiting-room,等候室,living-room,起居室、客廳,sleeping-pills,安眠藥,6,、名詞,+,現(xiàn)在分詞,=,名詞,hand+writing=handwriting,筆跡書(shū)寫(xiě)體、書(shū)法,on the wall,不詳之兆,sight+seeing=sightseeing,觀(guān)光、游覽,7,、動(dòng)詞,+,副詞,=,名詞,look+out=lookout,瞭望臺(tái)、瞭望員,set+up=setup,裝備,get-together,聚會(huì),walk+out=walkout,罷工、中途離開(kāi),8,、副詞,+,名詞,=,名詞,back+ground=background,背景、經(jīng)歷,down+town=downtown,市中心,uptown,住宅區(qū),9,、名詞,+,介詞短語(yǔ),=,名詞,editor-in-chief,主編,father-in-law,岳父、公公,comrade(,同志,)-in-arms/chief,戰(zhàn)友,10,、其他：,good-for-noting,無(wú)用之人,go-between,中間人、媒人,touch-me-not,水仙花、高傲的人,二、合成副詞,1,、副詞,+,副詞,furthermore,而且、此外,；,however,然而、無(wú)論如何,2,、代詞,+,副詞,somehow,以某種方式,；,anywhere,在任何地方,3,、副詞,+,名詞,overhead,在頭頂,/,空中,/,高處,；,downstairs,在樓下,4,、形容詞,+,名詞,anyway,不管怎樣、無(wú)論如何,；,meanwhile,同時(shí)、其間,三、合成形容詞,1,、形容詞,+,現(xiàn)在分詞,good-looking,好看的、漂亮的；,slow-moving,低速的；,easy-going,隨和的,2,、名詞,+,現(xiàn)在分詞,man-eating,食人的；,peace-loving,愛(ài)好和平的,3,、副詞,+,現(xiàn)在分詞,forthcoming,即將到來(lái)的；,outstanding,優(yōu)秀的、突出的,4,、名詞,+,過(guò)去分詞,air-conditioned,有空調(diào)裝置的；,man-made,人造的、人為的,5,、形容詞,+,過(guò)去分詞,grey-haired,白發(fā)蒼蒼的；,middle-aged,中年的,6,、形容詞,+,名詞,first-rate,一流的；,second-hand,二手的；用過(guò)的；,bare-foot,光腳的；,high-class,高級(jí)的,7,、副詞,+,副詞：,faraway,遠(yuǎn)方的,四、合成代詞,1,、,人稱(chēng)代詞賓格的第三人稱(chēng),+,self/selves,himself,herself,itself,themselves,物主代詞的一、二人稱(chēng),+self/selves,e.g.,myself,我自己,yourself,你自己,ourselves,我們 自己,Help yourself.,別客氣、請(qǐng)隨便用。,Enjoy yourself!,玩得開(kāi)心！,by myself,單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自,I would rather travel.,2,、不定代詞：,some,any,no,every+body/one/thing,e.g.,someone,某人；,anything,任何事情,nobody,沒(méi)有人；,everybody,每人、人人,合成名詞,方式,例詞,名詞,+,名詞,football,notebook,sea,food,hand-book.,形容詞,+,名詞,blackboard,first-class,green house,動(dòng)名詞,+,名詞,waiting-room,writing-desk,sleeping bag.,動(dòng)詞,+,名詞,pick,pocket,turn-coat,sleep,walker,副詞,+,名詞,in,come,over,coat,in,land,代詞,+,名詞,he-goat,she-wolf,名詞,+,介詞,+,名詞,father-in-law,editor-in-chief,動(dòng)詞,+,副詞,take-off,breakup,breakdown,副詞,+,動(dòng)詞,out,put,down,load,over,flow,16,合成動(dòng)詞,構(gòu)成方式,例詞,名詞,+,動(dòng)詞,sleep,walk,water,ski,day,dream,sun,bathe,副詞,+,動(dòng)詞,over,come,over,eat,up,load,up,hold,形容詞,+,副詞,white,wash,quick-charge,black,list,ill-treat,其它方式,blow-dry,spin-dry,17,夢(mèng)游 滑水 做白日夢(mèng) 沐日光浴,克服 吃太多 上傳 維護(hù),刷白 快速充電 列入黑名單 虐待,吹干 甩干,合成形容詞,構(gòu)成 方式,例詞,過(guò)去分詞或,-ed,詞尾,kind-hearted,middle-aged,new-born,-ing,詞尾,good-looking,easy-going,man-eating,形,+,名或名,+,形,full-time,first-class,ice-cold,brand-new,其它方式,two-hour,out-door,up-hill,see-through,18,好心的 中年的 新生的,好看的 隨和的 吃人的,全職的 頭等的 冰冷的 全新的,兩小時(shí)的 戶(hù)外的 上山的 透明的,合成副詞和合成代詞,構(gòu)成方式,例詞,合,成,副,詞,empty-handed,single-handed,sideways,however,anywhere,downstairs,合,成,代,詞,myself,himself,ourselves,someone,anybody,nothing,everyone,19,空手地 單槍匹馬地 向一邊,然而 任何地方 往樓下,我自己 他自己 我們自己,某人 任何人 沒(méi)事 每個(gè)人,第二部分：派生法(derivation),一、概念,通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞的方法叫,派生法,。,二、方法,1.加在前 unhappy,impolite,asleep,endanger,2.加在后 actor,hopeless,policeman,imagination,3.既加前又加后 unlucky,disagreement,三、類(lèi)別,1.,前綴,(一般只改變?cè)~義，不改變?cè)~性),2.,后綴,(一般只改變?cè)~性，不改變?cè)~義),20,常見(jiàn)前綴,1,改變?cè)~類(lèi),構(gòu)成方式,例詞,a.,a-,加在名詞前構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞,a,sleep,a,board,a,side,b.,be-,加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞,be,friend,be,witch,be,head,c.,em-,加在名詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞,em,bark,em,bed,em,power,d.,en-,加在名詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞,en,danger,en,courage,e.,en-,加在形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞,en,rich,en,large,en,dear,f.,out-,加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞,out,smart,out,number,21,睡著的 在船上 在旁邊,幫助 蠱惑 砍頭,使從事 使嵌入 使能夠,危及 鼓勵(lì),使富裕 擴(kuò)大 使親密,智勝 比,多,常見(jiàn)前綴2構(gòu)成反義,構(gòu)成方式,例詞,un-,un,able,un,certain,un,happy,un,luckily,un,do,il-,il,legal,il,logical,il,literate,im-,im,polite,im,possible,im,patient,in-,in,formal,in,dependent,in,justice,ir-,ir,regular,ir,responsible,ir,resistible,dis-,dis,advantage,dis,order,dis,like,22,不能的 不確定的 不幸地 松開(kāi),違法的 不合邏輯的 不識(shí)字的,無(wú)禮的 不可能的 沒(méi)耐心的,非正式的 獨(dú)立的 不公正,不規(guī)則的 不負(fù)責(zé)任的 不可抗拒的,缺點(diǎn) 雜亂 不喜歡,常見(jiàn)前綴3特定意思,構(gòu)成方式,例詞,anti-(,反,),anti,war,anti,cancer,anti,pollution,auto-(,自動(dòng),),auto,matic,auto,timer,auto-record,bi-(,雙,),bi,cycle,bi,noculars,centi-(,百分之一的,),centi,meter,centi,gram,centi,grade,co-(,共同,),co-operate,co-edit,co-exit,down(,向下,),down,stairs,down,hill,down,wards,ex-(,以前的,),ex-wife,ex-lover,ex-husband,fore-(,前部的,),fore,head,fore,leg,fore,arm,full-(,完全,),full-time,full-speed,full-strength,23,常見(jiàn)后綴1名詞后綴,后綴,例詞,-an,Asian,American,Russian,African,-ance,attendance,performance,assistance,-ation,education,examin