壓縮包內(nèi)含有CAD圖紙和說明書,均可直接下載獲得文件，所見所得，電腦查看更方便。Q 197216396 或 11970985
摘?要
隨著礦井開采深度的不斷延伸和采掘設備容量的不斷增大，工作面的耗電量驟增。如果繼續(xù)采用以往由采區(qū)變電所用低壓向工作面供電的方式，顯然是不經(jīng)濟、不合理的。為此，專門設計、制造了移動變電站，移動變電站可以放在采掘工作面附近平巷的軌道上，可隨工作面的推進而移動，并將采區(qū)變電所送來的高壓電降為與采掘設備電壓等級相符的電壓后，供給采掘設備使用。供電距離大大縮短，可大幅減少電壓損失，提高供電質(zhì)量和供電的經(jīng)濟性。本設計通過對采區(qū)負荷的分析和計算選取變壓器，根據(jù)短路電流的計算，選擇并校驗高壓配裝置和低壓保護箱。最后，選取并校驗了電力電纜，進行了必要的繼電保護整定，完成了整個設計。
?關鍵詞：高壓配電裝置；干式變壓器；低壓保護箱
2
ABSTRACT
As?the?depth?of?mining?equipment?to?extend?the?capacity?of??growing,?the?consumption?level?face.if?you?continue?to?be?used?to?face?with?low?power,that?is not the economy?and?unreasonal.
In?this?regard,?special?design making?mobile?substations,?and?move?parts?can?be?placed in?orbit?
around?face,?but?in?the?face?of?moves?and??power?is?reduced?to?a?level?consistent?with?equipmentof?the?voltage?on,?the?supply?of?equipment?using.Power distance is shorten,can significantly reduce the voltage loss, improve the quality of power supply and power supply of the economy. This design through to the mining area load analysis and calculation of the selection transform according to the calculation of short-circuit current, Select and check high pressure devices and low voltage protection case.In the end, select and check the power cable, the necessary of relay protection setting, to complete the whole design.
KEY?WORDS:?High voltage power distribution equipment；Dry type transformer；Low voltage protection case
中文題目：煤礦采區(qū)移動變電站供電系統(tǒng)設計
外文題目：COAL MINING AREA MOBILE SUSTATION POWER
SUPPLY SYSTEM DESIGN
畢業(yè)設計（論文）共 60頁（其中：外文文獻及譯文 12 頁）圖紙共 1張
完成日期20xx年6月 答辯日期20xx年6月
附錄A
General Requirements to Construction of Substation
Substations are a vital element in a power supply system of industrial enterprises．They serve to receive ，convert and distribute electric energy .Depending on power and purpose ,the substations are divided into central distribution substations for a voltage of 110-500kV;main step-down substations for110-220/6-10-35kV;deep entrance substations for 110-330/6-10Kv;distribution substations for 6-10Kv;shop transformer substations for 6-10/0.38-0.66kV.At the main step-down substations, the energy received from the power source is transformed from 110-220kV usually to 6-10kV(sometimes 35kV) which is distributed among substations of the enterprise and is fed to high-voltage services.
Central distribution substations receive energy from power systems and distribute it (without or with partial transformation) via aerial and cable lines of deep entrances at a voltage of 110-220kV over the enterprise territory .Central distribution substation differs from the main distribution substation in a higher power and in that bulk of its power is at a voltage of 110-220kV;it features simplified switching circuits at primary voltage; it is fed from the power to an individual object or region .Low-and medium-power shop substations transform energy from 6-10kV to a secondary voltage of 380/220 or 660/380.
Step-up transformer substations are used at power plants for transformation of energy produced by the generators to a higher voltage which decreases los ses at a long-distance transmission .Converter substations are intended to convert AC to DC (sometimes vice versa) and to convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are most economic. Distribution substations for 6-10kV are fed primarily from main distribution substations (sometimes from central distribution substations).With a system of dividing
substations for 110-220kV, the functions of a switch-gear are accomplishedby switch-gears for 6-10kV at deep entrance substations.
Depending on location of substations their switch-gear may be outdoor or indoor. The feed and output lines at 6-10kV substations are mainly of the cable type .at 35-220kV substations of the aerial type .When erecting and wiring the substations ,major attention is given to reliable and economic power supply of a given production.
Substations are erected by industrial methods with the use of large blocks and assemblies prepared at the site shops of electric engineering organizations and factories of electrical engineering industry .Substations are usually designed for operation without continuous attendance of the duty personnel but with the use of elementary automatic and signaling devices.
When constructing the structural part of a substation .it is advisable to use light-weight industrial structures and elements (panels ,floors ,etc.) made of bent sections .These elements are pre-made outside the erection zone and are only assembled at site .This considerably cuts the terms and cost of construction.
Basic circuitry concepts of substations are chosen when designing a powersupply system of the enterprise .Substations feature primary voltage
entrances .transformers and output cable lines or current conductors of secondary voltage Substations are mounted from equipment and elements described below .The number of possible combinations of equipment and elements is very great .Whenelaborating a substation circuitry ,it is necessary to strive for maximum simplification and minimizing the number of switching devices .Such substations are more reliable and economic .Circuitry is simplified by using automatic reclosure or automatic change over to reserve facility which allows rapid and faultless redundancy of individual elements and using equipment.
When designing transformer substations of industrial enterprises for all voltages , the following basic considerations are taken into account:
1.Preferable employment of a single-bus system with using two-bus systems only to ensure a reliable and economic power supply;
2.Wide use of unitized constructions and busless substations;
3.Substantiated employment of automatics and telemetry ;if the substation design does not envisage the use of automatics or telemetry ,the circuitry is so arranged as to allow for adding such equipment in future without excessive investments and re-work.
4.Use of simple and cheap devices-isolating switches ,short-circuiting switches ,load-breaking isolators ,fuses ,with due regard for their switching capacity may drastically cut the need for expensive and critical oil ,vacuum ,solenoid and air switches .Substation and switch-gear circuitries are so made that using the equipment of each production line is fed from individual transformers ,assemblies ,the lines to allow their disconnection simultaneously with mechanisms without disrupting operation of adjacent production flows.
When elaborating circuitry of a substation, the most vital task is to properly choose and arrange switching devices(switches ,isolators ,current limiters ,arre sters ,high-voltage fuses).The decision depends on the purpose ,power and significance of the substation.
Many years ago, scientists had very vague ideas about electricity. Many of them thought of it as a sort of fluid that flowed through wires as water flows through pipes, but they could not understand what made it flow. Many of them felt that electricity was made up of tiny particles of some kind ,but trying to separate electricity into individual particles baffled them.
Then, the great American scientist Millikan, in 1909,astounded the scientific world by actually weighing a single particle of electricity and calculating its electric charge. This was probably one of the most delicate weighing jobs ever done by man,for a single electric particle weighs only about half of a millionth of a pound. To make up a pound it would take more of those particles than there are drops of water in the Atlantic Ocean.
They are no strangers to us, these electric particles, for we know them as electrons.When large numbers of electrons break away from their atoms and move through a wire,we describe this action by saying that electricity is flowing through the wire.Yes,the electrical fluid that early scientists talked about is nothing more than
electrical flowing along a wire.
But how can individual electrons be made to break away from atoms? And how canthese free electrons be made to along a wire? The answer to the first question lies in the structure of the atoms themselves. Some atoms are so constructed that they lose electrons easily. An atom of copper, for example ,is continually losing an electron, regaining it(or another electron),and losing it again. A copper atom normally has 29 electrons, arranged in four different orbits about its nucleus. The inside orbit has 2 electrons. The next larger orbit has 8.The third orbit is packed with 18 electrons . And the outside orbit has only one electron.It is this outside electron that the copper atom is continually losing, for it is not very closely tied to the atom. It wanders off, is replaced by another free-roving electron, and then this second electron also wanders away.
Consequently,in a copper wire free electrons are floating around in all directions among the copper atoms.Thus, even through the copper wire looks quite motionless to your ordinary eye, there is a great deal of activity going on inside it. If the wire were carrying electricity to an electric light or to some other electrical device, the electrons would not be moving around at random. Instead, many of them would be rushing in the same direction-from one end of the wire to the other.
This brings us to the second question .How can free electrons be made to move along a wire? Well ,men have found several ways to do that .One way is chemical. Volta,s voltaic pile,or battery, is a chemical device that makes electricity(or electrons)flow in wires. Another way is magnetic. Faraday and Henry discovered how magnets could be used to make electricity flow in a wire.
Magnets
Almost everyone has seen horseshoe magnets-so called because they are shaped like horseshoes. Probably you have experimented with a magnet, and noticed how it will pick up tacks and nails, or other small iron objects. Men have known about magnets for thousands of years.
Several thousand years ago, according to legend, a shepherd named Magnes lived on the island of Crete, in the Mediterranean Sea .He had a shepherds crook tipped with iron. One day he found an oddly shaped black stone that stuck to this iron tip.Later, when many other such stones were found, they were called magnets(after Magnets).These were natural magnets.
In recent times men have learned how to make magnets out of iron. More important still, they have discovered how to use magnets to push electrons through wires-that is, how to make electricity flow. Before we discuss this, there arecertain characteristics of magnets that we should know about.If a piece of glass is laid on top of a horse- shoes magnet, and if iron filings are then sprink ledon the glass, the filings will arrange themselves into lines. If this same thing is trid with a bar magnet(a horseshoe magnet straightened out),the lines can be seen more easily. These experiments demonstrate what scientists call magnetic lines of force. Magnets, they explain, work through lines of force that ext- end between the two ends of the magnet. But electrons seem to have magnetic lines of force around them, too.This can be proved by sticking a wire through a piece ofcard board, sprinkling iron filings on the cardboard, and connecting a battery to the wire. The filings will tend to form rings around the wire,as a result of the magnetism of the moving electrons(or electricity).So we can see that there is arelationship between moving electrons and magnetism, Magnetism results from the movement of electrons.
Of course, electrons are not really flowing in the bar magnet, but they are in motion, circling the nuclei of the iron atoms. However, in the magnet, circling thelined up in such a way that their electrons are circling in the same direction. Perhaps a good comparison might be a great number of boys whirling balls onstrings in a clockwise direction around their heads.
附錄B
變電站(所)在電源系統(tǒng)的工業(yè)企業(yè)是一個至關重要的因素。他們接收,轉(zhuǎn)換和發(fā)送電能。根據(jù)能源和需求,變電站分為中央配電變電站電壓為110-500kV；主要降壓變電所電壓為110-220/6-10-35kV； 深入口變電站為110-330/6-10kV；
二變電站的電壓為6-10Kv；車間變電所電壓為；中央配電變電站從電力系統(tǒng)接收能量并分發(fā)它(不包括；升壓變壓器變電站用于將電廠產(chǎn)生的能量轉(zhuǎn)化使發(fā)電機；根據(jù)變電站變的位置，電站設備在可以露天或室內(nèi)；用工業(yè)的方式建設變電站，是使用大量的數(shù)塊和在電氣；當建立變電站結構的一部分,應當采用薄型建造結構以；變電站基本電路概念設計的選擇，是根據(jù)企業(yè)的供電系；當設計工業(yè)企業(yè)二次變電站的電壓為6-10Kv；車間變電所電壓為6-10/0.38-0.66kV。在主要的降壓變電所,電源能量轉(zhuǎn)化電壓為110-220kV，通常使用6-10Kv(有時為35kV變電所)的電壓分配給企業(yè)和被用來滿足高壓服務。
中央配電變電站從電力系統(tǒng)接收能量并分發(fā)它(不包括或者包括部分變換) 給企業(yè)不同區(qū)域，通過空中電纜和地下電纜線路電壓為110-220kV。 中央分配變電站站不同于主配電變電它是一個更強大的電力設施,它的電壓大部分在110-220kV的電壓。它可以簡化初級電壓、中級電壓或地區(qū)的開關電路。中低級別變電站改造能量來自6-10kv的電壓,它的二次側電壓為380/220或660/380。
升壓變壓器變電站用于將電廠產(chǎn)生的能量轉(zhuǎn)化使發(fā)電機產(chǎn)生的電壓升高,從而有效地減少在遠距離輸電能量的損失轉(zhuǎn)換器變電站的目的是為了將直流轉(zhuǎn)換成交流(有時相反)和轉(zhuǎn)換成能量時改變頻率。轉(zhuǎn)換器變電站的能量轉(zhuǎn)換是用半導體整流器來變頻的。帶半導體整流器的轉(zhuǎn)化器變電站是最經(jīng)濟的。6-10kV的配電變電站主要依據(jù)主配電變電站(有時依據(jù)中央配電變電站)。110-220kV變電站系統(tǒng)區(qū)域的劃分時，根據(jù)變電站設備功能劃分時是有學問的，6-10kV的變電站設備劃分在變電站的入口。
根據(jù)變電站變的位置，電站設備在可以露天或室內(nèi)。6-10kV變電站的在電纜的類型主要是供給輸出線。在35-220kV變電站空中線路樣式,在變電站架線和接線,主要注重供電生產(chǎn)的可靠和經(jīng)濟。
用工業(yè)的方式建設變電站，是使用大量的數(shù)塊和在電氣工程組織和工廠電氣工程等行業(yè)的車間的位置進行組裝。變電站通常是專為不連續(xù)操作的責任人員所設計,但用的是基本的自動設備和信號裝置。
當建立變電站結構的一部分,應當采用薄型建造結構以及由彎段組成的組件(板材、地板等)。這些元件是預先安裝區(qū)外面建造區(qū)域并且只是在這個位置組裝。這樣可以有效的削減變電所建造成本。
變電站基本電路概念設計的選擇,是根據(jù)企業(yè)的供電系統(tǒng)特點得到的。變電站電壓特性主要入口，變壓器和輸出電纜線路導線或當前導體的二次電壓.變電站安裝的設備和元件，設備和元件的若干種可能的組合是非常好的。當闡述了變電站的電路時爭取切換裝置最大的簡化和數(shù)目的最小化。這樣的變電站更可靠、經(jīng)濟。電路簡化是采用自動接入或自動轉(zhuǎn)入儲備的方法,允許快速和無錯誤的自
動接入每一個元件和使用設備。
當設計工業(yè)企業(yè)全電壓變電站時,下面的基本因素都要考慮在內(nèi)。
1.優(yōu)先使用采用兩編組的單總線系統(tǒng)可以確?？煽康暮徒?jīng)濟的供應電力。
2.配套建設和變電站廣泛使用。
3.變電站使用自動化并且支持遙測技術;如果變電站的設計并不支持使用自動化或遙測、線路安而且不允許添加設備，確保以后沒有過度投資和返工。
4.使用簡單、便宜的裝置，有絕緣裝置的斷路器、短路開關、過載保護隔離器、保險絲,預期到他們的交換容量可考慮大幅度削減昂貴的器件需要和臨界油、真空、螺線管和空氣開關電路使用。變電站和開關電路,采用這樣的設備的每個生產(chǎn)線服從個體變壓器、裝配、允許他們同時的斷開而不破壞斷開連接的生產(chǎn)流程的機制的線條。
變電站的線路的意義,最重要的一點是要妥善安排與選擇轉(zhuǎn)換器件(開關、隔離者、電流限制器等、避雷器、高低壓熔斷器),這決定了變電站的目的、功能和意義。
很多年以前，科學家們對電仍只有很模糊的概念。他們之中不少人認為電是一種“流體”，這種流體就像水流經(jīng)管道一樣流過導線。但他們并不了解是什么東西使電流動。他們之中的許多人覺得電是有某種極小的微粒構成的，但試圖把電分離成單個的小顆粒他們卻束手無策。
此后，以為偉大的美國科學家密利坎于1909年，真正地稱出了單個的電粒子的重量并算出它的電荷而使科學界震驚不已。這可能是人類做過的最細致的計量工作之一，因為一個單個的電粒子的重量僅為一磅的百萬分之一，百萬分之一的一半左右的重量。要合成一磅重需要的電粒子數(shù)將要比大西洋的全部水的水滴數(shù)還要多。
這些電粒子，他們對我們并不陌生，因為我們知道他們就是電子。當大量電子擺脫原子跑出來并通過導線運動時，我們把這種現(xiàn)象說成是電通過導線“流動”。是的，早先的科學家所說的電的“流體”只不過是沿著導線流動的電子。
那么，如何能使一些單個的電子擺脫原子的束縛而跑出來呢？
而且，又怎樣能使這些自由電子沿導線運動呢？
第一個問題的答案就在于原子本身的結構上。某些原子的結構使他們很容易
失去電子。例如，一個銅原子在正常情況下有29個電子，它們排列在核子周圍的4個不同的軌道上。最里層的軌道上有2個電子。第二層較大的軌道上有8個電子。第三層軌道上擠滿18個電子。而外層軌道上只有一個電子。正是這個外層電子，銅原子不斷丟掉它，因為這個電子受原子的約束不那么緊。它忽而游離而去，并被另一游離的電子所替代，然后，這后一個電子也游離而去。
結果，在銅導線中自由電子在銅原子之間向四面八方漂浮。所以，盡管對你們的普通的肉眼來說，銅導線看來是完全不動的，但在它內(nèi)部卻不斷地進行著大量的活動。
如果導線把電輸送到一盞電燈或者另外某個電氣設備那里，這些電子就不會雜亂無章地到處跑來跑去，而是它們中的許多電子將會向一個方向奔去-從導線的一端奔向另一端。
這就把我們引向第二個問題，如何才能使自由電子沿導線運動呢？好啦，人們已經(jīng)找到幾種方法來做到這一點。一種就是化學方法。伏特電堆，或者叫電池，就是能使電流在導線中流動的一種化學裝置。另一種方法就是電磁法。法拉第和亨利發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣能把磁鐵用來使電在導線中流動的辦法。
磁鐵
幾乎每個人都見過馬蹄形磁鐵-之所以這樣叫他是因為他們的形狀做成馬蹄形的。可能你們都用磁鐵做過試驗，并且看到它是怎樣吸起按釘，小釘子或者其他一些小鐵件的。人們了解磁鐵已經(jīng)幾千年了。
據(jù)傳說，幾千年前有個名叫麥格尼斯的牧羊人住在地中海的克里特島上。他有一根牧羊人用的帶鐵頭的棍杖。一天，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一塊奇形怪狀的黑石頭黏在鐵頭上。后來，當又發(fā)現(xiàn)許多這種石頭時，人們就叫它們?yōu)榇盆F。這些就是天然磁鐵。
近年來，人們已經(jīng)掌握怎樣使用鐵來制成磁鐵。尤其重要的是，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何使用磁鐵推動電子通過導線-也就是怎樣使電流動。
在我們討論這點之前，磁鐵有某些特性我們應當了解。如果把一塊玻璃放在馬蹄形磁鐵的端部，然后把一些鐵粉末撒在玻璃上，那么鐵粉自己就會排成許多線。如果用一根棒做的話，就更容易看出這些鐵粉排成的線條了。這些實驗演示了科學家們所謂的磁力線。他們解釋說。磁鐵通過磁鐵兩端之間延伸出來的磁力線起作用。
但是，在電子周圍似乎也有磁力線。把一根導線穿過一塊硬紙板，在紙板上撒上鐵粉，并把電池與導線連通在一起，這點就可以得到證明。由于運動的電子的磁性的結果，鐵粉就會繞導線周圍形成一些圓環(huán)。因此，我們可以看到，在運動者的電子和磁性之間有一種關系。磁性就是由電子的運動引起的。
當然，電子并不是在磁棒里真的“流動”，但它們卻是在運動，在繞鐵原子核做旋轉(zhuǎn)運動。然而，在磁鐵中，原子都排列的使它們的電子都向同一方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。也許可打一個恰當?shù)谋扔鳎拖裨S多小孩在他們頭頂上以順時針方向甩動系在線上的小球一樣。
9