摘 要汽車起重機(jī)屬于臂架型起重裝置，集起重和運(yùn)輸于一體，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、易于操作，不僅節(jié)省勞動力，而且極大的降低了工作強(qiáng)度、提高了工作效率。廣泛應(yīng)用于交通運(yùn)輸、港口和倉庫中。此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)在對隨車起重機(jī)進(jìn)行調(diào)研和可行性分析的基礎(chǔ)上，從力學(xué)角度，對 8 噸汽車起重裝置的起升機(jī)構(gòu)、變幅機(jī)構(gòu)和回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了具體設(shè)計(jì)。所設(shè)計(jì)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)包括液壓馬達(dá)、減速機(jī)、棘輪停止器和卷筒幾部分。減速機(jī)用來降低液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動速度，根據(jù)變速比，確定了其具體型號。卷筒用于繞進(jìn)或放出鋼絲繩，根據(jù)工作條件和起重量，對卷筒和鋼絲繩的具體規(guī)格進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。棘輪停止器用來防止逆轉(zhuǎn)，根據(jù)所受的彎矩和壓力，對其進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。變幅機(jī)構(gòu)用來改變起重機(jī)幅度，包括臂架系統(tǒng)和變幅傳動系統(tǒng)。本文中，采用了伸縮式、箱形結(jié)構(gòu)。箱形結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)裝有伸縮油缸，起重裝置的變幅可通過液壓缸實(shí)現(xiàn)?；剞D(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)包括回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置和回轉(zhuǎn)驅(qū)動裝置，并采用蝸輪蝸桿減速機(jī)和液壓馬達(dá)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)自重輕，受力合理，運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)。 關(guān)鍵詞：汽車起重裝置 ；起升機(jī)構(gòu) ；變幅機(jī)構(gòu) ；回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) ；起重臂ABSTRACTTruck Mounted Crane (TMC) belongs to boom-crane. Combining the advantages of booming and transporting together, it has the features of compact structure and easy operation，not only saves the labor force, but also decreases the labor intensity and increases the efficiency of working. It is widely used in traffic transportation, docks and warehouses. In this paper, based on the investigation and feasibility analysis of TMC, the winch mechanism, the arm-changing mechanism and the swing mechanism of the TMC 10T were designed from the mechanics angle.The winch mechanism consists of hydraulic motor, decelerating machine, ratchet wheel stopping machine and reel. Decelerating machine lowers the speed of the hydraulic motor for driving, and its size was defined according to the ratio of the speed variety. The reel is to wind or unwind the load hoisting wire rope. The sizes of the reel and the wire rope were designed according to the work condition and the rise weight. Ratchet wheel stop is used to stop the converse motion, and it was decided by the pressure the gear bears.The arm-changing mechanism is the system that changes the arm range of the boom-crane. It includes the arm system and the arm-changing moving system. In this paper, flexible arm type and box form structure were used. Cylinder bodies are fitted on the boom. The working range of TMC can be realized by the extension or retraction of the cylinder body. The swing mechanism contains swing bearing and swing driver. Bearings, worm-and-wheel steering gear and hydraulic motor were adopted. This structure has the advantages of light weight, reliable force and smooth action. Key words: Truck Mounted Crane ; Winch mechanism ; Arm-changing mechanism ; Swing mechanism ; Boom 目 錄1 概述 11.1 起重機(jī)械的用途、工作特點(diǎn)及其在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的地位 .11.2 起重機(jī)械的發(fā)展簡史及發(fā)展動向 .11.2.1 起重機(jī)械的發(fā)展簡史 11.2.2 起重機(jī)械今后的發(fā)展動向 21.3 起重機(jī)械的簡介 .51.3.1 起重機(jī)械的概念 51.3.2 起重機(jī)械的分類 61.3.3 起重機(jī)械的組成及作用 71.4 起重機(jī)簡介 .81.4.1 起重機(jī)的概念 81.4.2 起重機(jī)的組成結(jié)構(gòu) 81.4.3 起重機(jī)的種類 91.4.4 起重機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢 .101.5 起重技術(shù)目前在國內(nèi)、外的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 101.5.1 目前國外起重技術(shù)的發(fā)展 .111.5.2 國內(nèi)起重技術(shù)的發(fā)展 .111.6 汽車起重機(jī)行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及前景展望 121.6.1 汽車起重機(jī)簡介 .121.6.2 汽車起重機(jī)行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 .121.6.3 汽 車起重機(jī)前景 132 汽車起重裝置設(shè)計(jì)的可行性分析及方案確定 .142.1 可行性分析 142.1.1 技術(shù)可行性的分析 .142.1.2 經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性的分析 162.2 汽車起重裝置方案確定 162.2.1 起升機(jī)構(gòu) .172.2.2 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) .182.2.3 變幅機(jī)構(gòu) .193 起升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) .193.1 起升機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動方案 193.2 起升機(jī)構(gòu)的基本參數(shù) 203.2.1 起升速度 .203.2.2 鋼絲繩速度 .203.2.3 卷筒速度.203.2.4 初步選定減速比.203.2.5 卷筒扭矩.203.2.6 馬達(dá)扭矩 203.2.7 油泵的容量 213.2.8 重物提升功率 213.2.9 油泵驅(qū)動功率 213.2.10 發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速. 223.2.11 泵的排量. 223.3 鋼絲繩的設(shè)計(jì) 223.3.1 鋼絲繩結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇 .223.3.2 鋼絲繩直徑的計(jì)算.233.3.3 鋼絲繩使用注意.243.4 吊鉤的設(shè)計(jì) 253.4.1 選材 .253.4.2 構(gòu)造 .253.4.3 吊鉤掛架.253.5 卷筒的設(shè)計(jì) 263.5.1 卷筒類型的選擇 .263.5.2 卷筒的材料 .273.5.3 卷筒尺寸的確定.273.6 滑輪組的設(shè)計(jì) 293.6.1 滑輪組種類的選用293.6.2 滑輪組倍率的選擇.293.6.3 滑輪組繩索最大靜拉力計(jì)算.293.6.4 滑輪直徑的計(jì)算.293.6.5 繩最大偏角的計(jì)算.304 減速器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .304.1 傳動裝置的總效率 304.2 確定總傳動比及傳動比分配 304.3 傳動裝置運(yùn)動參數(shù)計(jì)算 304.3.1 各軸轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算314.3.2 各軸功率計(jì)算314.3.3 各軸扭矩計(jì)算314.4 傳動件設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 314.4.1 高速級傳動齒輪設(shè)計(jì)314.4.2 低速級齒輪設(shè)計(jì)344.5 棘輪的設(shè)計(jì) 364.5.1 棘輪齒的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算374.6 軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 384.6.1 軸Ⅰ的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算384.6.2 軸Ⅱ的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算424.6.3 軸Ⅲ的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.474.7 滾動軸承的選擇和計(jì)算 534.8 鍵聯(lián)接的選擇與校核 534.9 箱體的設(shè)計(jì) 544.10 減速器附件的設(shè)計(jì) .554.11 減速器的潤滑和密封形式 .565 變幅機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) .565.1 變幅機(jī)構(gòu)的作用 565.2 變幅機(jī)構(gòu)的類型 565.2.1 變幅性質(zhì)的分類 .565.2.2 變幅方法的分類 .575.3 吊臂的設(shè)計(jì) 575.3.1 三鉸點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì) .575.4 起重臂設(shè)計(jì) 585.4.1 起重臂基本參數(shù)計(jì)算與選用 .585.4.2 起重臂的形狀及主要計(jì)算參數(shù) .595.5 變幅油缸的選用 615.5.1 變幅油缸推力的計(jì)算 .615.5.2 變幅油缸缸徑的計(jì)算 .626 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) .626.1 回轉(zhuǎn)支承的選用 626.1.1 簡介 .626.1.2 載荷計(jì)算 .636.1.3 阻力矩計(jì)算 .646.1.4 校核 .646.1.5 回轉(zhuǎn)減速機(jī)輸出扭矩 .646.2 回轉(zhuǎn)減速機(jī)的選用 656.3 支腿反力計(jì)算 656.3.1 平均分配載荷 .666.3.2 垂直缸計(jì)算 .666.3.3 垂直缸需流量計(jì)算 .66結(jié) 論 .67參考文獻(xiàn) .68翻譯部分 .69英文原文 69中文譯文 74致 謝 .79