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1、8BUnit 1 Past and PresentGrammar(B)Learning aims 1.能夠在語(yǔ)境中正確運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。能夠在語(yǔ)境中正確運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)談?wù)摪l(fā)生在過(guò)去并與現(xiàn)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)談?wù)摪l(fā)生在過(guò)去并與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的事情。在有聯(lián)系的事情。3.理解并運(yùn)用常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間理解并運(yùn)用常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式。表達(dá)方式。Did it.?Has it.?Did they.?Have they.?Did they.?Have they.?Did he.?Has he.?Did she.?Has she.?Has it.?Did it.?她以前曾去過(guò)上海。她以
2、前曾去過(guò)上海。She has been to Shanghai before.他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.他已學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。他已學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。He has studied English for five years.Have a try!現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常與連用，如:already,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to never,ever,just,yet,befor
3、e,up to now,so far,for the last few weeksnow,so far,for the last few weeks等,表示“”所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.還可以和(到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)仍未結(jié)束)的,表示連用，如:now,now,today,this morning(afternoon,today,this morning(afternoon,evening,week,month,year),these evening,week,month,year),these days,since,for a long time days,since,for a long time等.上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)現(xiàn)
4、在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法一一.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始并一直延表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事但動(dòng)作或事情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)Someone has just turned off the light.Someone has just turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了。有人剛把燈關(guān)了。)I have already finished my I have already finished my homework.homework.(我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè)。)二二.表示從
5、過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始并一直延表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始并一直延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事情可能仍在但動(dòng)作或事情可能仍在繼續(xù)。繼續(xù)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) I want to see how much the place has I want to see how much the place has changed since changed since I saw it last.I saw it last.我想看看從上次見(jiàn)到那地方以來(lái)它發(fā)生了多大我想看看從上次見(jiàn)到那地方以來(lái)它發(fā)生了多大變化。變化。I have learnt English for more than I have
6、 learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。多年的英語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法三.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷.上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾去過(guò)頤和園嗎你曾去過(guò)頤和園嗎?)I have never had a car.I have never had a car.(我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)。我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)。)四四.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還常與句型現(xiàn)在
7、完成時(shí)還常與句型 This is the first This is the first timetime，Its the first time Its the first time 連用。連用。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)This is the first time he has driven This is the first time he has driven a car.a car.這是他第一次開(kāi)車(chē)。這是他第一次開(kāi)車(chē)。五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和最高級(jí)連用表示到現(xiàn)在為止是最的。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)What a boring filmWhat a boring film！一部多么令人厭煩的電影??！一部多么令人厭煩的電影啊
8、！Its the most boring film Ive ever Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.seen.這是我看過(guò)的最令人厭煩的電影。這是我看過(guò)的最令人厭煩的電影?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)檢查知識(shí)點(diǎn)檢查1.He_（write）the sentence yet.2._you_(修理)your bike yet?3.Computers_(come)into use _(近來(lái)).4._you_ _ _(看展覽)recently?No.Is it about changes in Beijing over the past_(世紀(jì))?5.He
9、_ _ _ _(忘記標(biāo)題),hasnt he?上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)has writtenHaverepairedhave comerecentlyHaveseen any exhibitionscentury has forgotten the title一、一、sincesince短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng) 作延續(xù)至今，作延續(xù)至今，sincesince之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.（1984年以來(lái)，史密斯先生一直在這工作。）年以來(lái)，史密
10、斯先生一直在這工作。）Hes learned about 5,000 English words Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.since he went to college.（他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。）（他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)二二、forfor短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí) 間，間，forfor的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段。的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段。1.1.We have known each other for We have known each other f
11、or twenty years.twenty years.（我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年（我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年 了。）了。）2.I havent seen her for a long time.2.I havent seen her for a long time.（我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了。）（我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Pa
12、rty _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have
13、 been dead _ several years.years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè) for后面應(yīng)該接后面應(yīng)該接“段時(shí)間”；since后面應(yīng)該接后面應(yīng)該接“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”或者或者“句子”。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：1since for 主句都用主句都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞為，主句動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性延續(xù)性.2 since引導(dǎo)的從句通常采用引導(dǎo)的從句通常采用“一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)”jus
14、t,recentlyjust,recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，just now just now 有有a moment ago a moment ago 之意，是之意，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。The train has just arrived.The train has just arrived.（火車(chē)剛到。）（火車(chē)剛到。）Did you see Joan just now?Did you see Joan just now?（你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）（你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）Have you heard from your family Have yo
15、u heard from your family lately/recently?lately/recently?（你最近收到家人的來(lái)信了嗎？）（你最近收到家人的來(lái)信了嗎？）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)1.I1.I_(lose)my pen just now._(lose)my pen just now.I I_ just _(lose)my pen ._ just _(lose)my pen .（我剛才丟了鋼筆）（我剛才丟了鋼筆）2.She_ just _(buy)a book.2.She_ just _(buy)a book.She_(buy)a book just now.She_(buy)a book
16、 just now.（她剛才買(mǎi)了本書(shū)）（她剛才買(mǎi)了本書(shū)）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)losthavelosthasboughtbought七、七、everever和和nevernever也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。前者意思是見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。前者意思是“曾曾經(jīng)經(jīng)”，多見(jiàn)于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中；，多見(jiàn)于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中；后者意思是后者意思是“從來(lái)沒(méi)有從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，表示全，表示全部否定。部否定?！癏ave you ever seen the film?”Have you ever seen the film?”“No.I have never seen it.”“No.I have never seen
17、it.”（“你曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這部影片嗎？你曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這部影片嗎？”“沒(méi)有，沒(méi)有，從來(lái)沒(méi)看從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)。過(guò)。”）Nobody in our class has ever Nobody in our class has ever been there.been there.（我們班沒(méi)有人去過(guò)那。）（我們班沒(méi)有人去過(guò)那。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)八、八、alreadyalready和和yetyet常見(jiàn)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，有中，有“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”之意。前者一般用之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑問(wèn)句中。在肯定句中，后者用在疑問(wèn)句中。yetyet在否定句中有在否定句中有“還還”之意。之意。“Has the bus
18、 left yet”?Has the bus left yet”?“Yes.It has already left.”“Yes.It has already left.”“No.It hasnt left yet.“No.It hasnt left yet.“汽車(chē)開(kāi)走了嗎？汽車(chē)開(kāi)走了嗎？”“是的，已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。是的，已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了?！薄安?，還沒(méi)有開(kāi)走。不，還沒(méi)有開(kāi)走?！鄙弦豁?yè)下一頁(yè) “already”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中,“yet”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句中用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句中.用用“already”“yet”填空填空 He has()visited m
19、any places in He has()visited many places in China.()China.()注意注意 already 在句中的兩種位置在句中的兩種位置.The train hasnt arrived .The train hasnt arrived .火車(chē)（到現(xiàn)在）火車(chē)（到現(xiàn)在）還沒(méi)有到。還沒(méi)有到。Has she arrived?Has she arrived?她她已已經(jīng)經(jīng)到了到了嗎嗎？Hasnt he come?Hasnt he come?她還沒(méi)來(lái)嗎她還沒(méi)來(lái)嗎？alreadyalreadyyet yet yetComplete their conversatio
20、n using the present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets with the correct time expressions.Simon:Have you_(travel)by plane?Daniel:No,I_(not travel)by plane_,but Ill fly to Sanya this summer.My parents and I will stay there for a whole week to enjoy the sun and the beach.Simon:Im sure youll enjoy t
21、he trip.By the way,did you know that my family_(own)a boat_ 1920?ever travelledhavent travelledyethas ownedsinceDaniel:I cant believe your family_(own)a boat _ over 80 years!Simon:In fact,you _(see)it in the sitting room.Daniel:Oh,yes,but thats not a real boat.Its only a model!Simon:I know,but it lo
22、oks like a real one.Its just smaller.Daniel:I must say that its the best model I_(see).Simon:Thank you,Daniel.has ownedforhave already seenhave ever seen in the past few years in the past few years 意思是意思是“過(guò)去過(guò)去幾年來(lái)幾年來(lái)”，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)；in the pastin the past意思是意思是“在過(guò)去在過(guò)去”，常作一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。常作一般過(guò)去
23、時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Great changes have taken place Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few in my hometown in the past few years.years.（過(guò)去幾年來(lái)，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。）過(guò)去幾年來(lái)，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。）Where did you work in the past?Where did you work in the past?（你過(guò)去在哪里工作？）（你過(guò)去在哪里工作？）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) before before泛指泛指“以前以前”時(shí)，
24、可用于現(xiàn)時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中；在完成時(shí)中；agoago表示表示“現(xiàn)在的一段現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間以前時(shí)間以前”，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)。Ive never been to Japan before.Ive never been to Japan before.（我以前沒(méi)去過(guò)日本。）（我以前沒(méi)去過(guò)日本。）She went to Japan a year ago.She went to Japan a year ago.（她一年前去了日本。）（她一年前去了日本。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) even since even since、thenthen與與from then on(after
25、from then on(after that)that)都有都有“打那以后打那以后”之意，前者是完之意，前者是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，后者常用作一般過(guò)去成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，后者常用作一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Shes lived here ever since then.Shes lived here ever since then.（打打那以后，她一直住在這。）那以后，她一直住在這。）I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that.that.（打那以后，我就沒(méi)有吉姆的消息。
26、）打那以后，我就沒(méi)有吉姆的消息。）上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it
27、?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.4.I _(read)the novel twice.
28、Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(gi
29、ve)up smoking last year.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen8.Mr chen _(give)up smoking since last year._(give)up smoking since last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)interview 采訪采訪 1.the changes to our school 2.the changes to your family 3.the changes in your study any topic you want to talk about 、了解一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)最基本的區(qū)別是一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重動(dòng)作的結(jié)果 2、牢記現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用，包括疑問(wèn)詞when3、知道現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的兩種特點(diǎn)（1）：過(guò)去對(duì)對(duì)現(xiàn)在（瞬間性動(dòng)詞）（2）：過(guò)去到到現(xiàn)在（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）
牛津8B Unit1 Past and Present Grammar(B) 課件
