小學英語語法及習題四大基本時態(tài)

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1、小學英語語法及習題---四大基本時態(tài) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹 　　【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時的功能 　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。 　　2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。 　　3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 　　一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成 　　1. be動詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： 　　I am a boy.我是一個男孩。 　　2.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(

2、+其它)。如： 　　We study English.我們學習英語。 　　當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。 　　一般現(xiàn)在時的變化 　　1. be動詞的變化。 　　否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。 　　如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 　　一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。 　　如：-Are you a student? 　　　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 　　特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is

3、my bike? 　　2.行為動詞的變化。 　　否定句：主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動詞原形(+其它)。如： 　　I don't like bread. 　　當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如： 　　He doesn't often play. 　　一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如： 　　- Do you often play football? 　　- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 　　當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如： 　　- Does she go to wo

4、rk by bike? 　　- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 　　特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work? 動詞+s的變化規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練: 一、 寫出下

5、列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______???? carry ____ come________????? watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________???? teach_______ 二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2

6、. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The

7、girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _____

8、__(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20.???? －What day

9、_______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday. 三、按照要求改寫句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) ___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答) __________

10、_________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句) _______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句) ___________________________________

11、________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問) ________________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問) ___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) ______________________________________

12、__________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句) ___________________________________________________ 四、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上) 1. Is???? your brother speak English????????? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing????????????? __________________ 3. He likes play games

13、after class.???????? __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.??????????????? __________________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 二、現(xiàn)在進行時 1．現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。 2．現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為: 主語+be+動詞ing. 3．現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。 4．現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到

14、句首。 5．現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing? ????? 但疑問詞當主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為： ?????? 疑問詞 + be + 動詞ing? 動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3．如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 現(xiàn)在進行時專項練習： 一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： play________ r

15、un__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________???? write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing???? ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________???? get_________ stop_________ sit _

16、_______ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food???? now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _________

17、______( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. ???? 9. It’s???? 5???? o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen

18、____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換： 1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答) ____________

19、_____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進行提問) _________________________________________________________________ 4．Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進行提問) _

20、________________________________________________________________ 三、將來時 一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do； ②will+ do. 三、否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going

21、 to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。 1.問人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York

22、soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 2.問干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this??? afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3.問什么時候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going???? to bed? 六、同義句：be going to = will I am going

23、 to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習： 一.填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2.下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______

24、_____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3.你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4.你們打算什么時候見面。 What time _______ you _________ ___

25、_______ meet? 二.改句子。 5.Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6.?????????? I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them. 7.I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8.We will meet at the bu

26、s stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going

27、 to see a play the day after tomorrow. 四．一般過去時 1．一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。 2．Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化： ⑴am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren’t） ⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 3．句中

28、沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子 否定句：didn’t +動詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句：⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 動詞過去式變化規(guī)則： 1．一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：t

29、aste-tasted 3．末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5．不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read,

30、write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 過去時練習：寫出下列動詞的過去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ t

31、aste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be動詞的過去時練習 一、用be動詞的適當形式填空。 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ g

32、ood friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 二

33、、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑問句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 行為動詞的過去時練習 一、用be動詞的適當形式填空。 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

34、2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last Nationa

35、l Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. They played football in the playground. 否定句：____________________________________________

36、____ 一般疑問句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 綜合練習 一、用動詞的適當形式填空 1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night. 3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ (

37、milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now. 8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 9.

38、 I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday. 11. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car. 12. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago. 13. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterd

39、ay. (clean) 14. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do) 15. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago. 16. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick) 17. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water) 18. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances. 19. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 20.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)