120萬噸煤礦主豎井多繩摩擦式礦井提升機的選型及控制系統(tǒng)設計含5張CAD圖

120萬噸煤礦主豎井多繩摩擦式礦井提升機的選型及控制系統(tǒng)設計含5張CAD圖,煤礦,豎井,摩擦,磨擦,礦井,提升,晉升,選型,控制系統(tǒng),設計,cad 外文資料 Bucket elevator Bucket type lifting machine is a fixed device of mechanical conveying equipment, mainly used in powdery, granular and small block materials for vertical lifting, can be widely used in various size of feed mill, flour mill, rice mill, refineries, starch factory and grain depot, port and dock bulk material. Bucket elevator for vertical lifting through the crusher limestone, coal, gypsum, clinker, dry clay block granular material as well as raw material, cement, coal and other powder materials. According to the different speed of hopper, the bucket elevator can be divided into three types: centrifugal discharge, gravity discharge and mixed type discharge. Centrifugal type unloading material bucket speed faster, for conveying powdery, granular and small shape grinding material cut small; gravity discharge material slow speed of the bucket for bulk transport, the proportion of larger, grinding Zhuo materials, such as limestone, clinker, etc.. The traction component of the bucket elevator has several kinds of chain, plate chain and adhesive tape. Ring chain structure and manufacture of relatively simple, is also very strong connection with the hopper, conveyor mill Zhuo of material, wear a small chain, but the larger self. Chain plate structure of a solid, lighter weight, applicable to a large quantity of hoist lifting, but articulated joint is easy to wear out, the tape has the advantages of simple structure, but not suitable conveyor mill cut large materials, the ordinary belt material temperature does not exceed 60 DEG C, steel cord belt clip allows the temperature of the material up to 80 DEG C, heat-resistant tape allows material temperature of 120 DEG C, ring chain, plate chain conveying material temperature of up to 250 DEG. Scope of application This series bucket elevator is suitable for conveying powdery, granular and small shape of grinding Zhuo and grinding Zhuo small materials, such as coal, cement, stone, sand, clay, iron ore and other, because the elevator traction mechanism is a circular chain, thus allowing transport of high temperature materials (material temperature of not more than 250 DEG C). General conveying height up to 40 meters. function The lifting equipment with large conveying capacity, high lifting height, stable and reliable operation, long life advantages, its main properties and parameters with the vertical bucket type lifting machine "(jb3926-85) (the standard equivalent with reference to the international standards and foreign advanced standards), ring chain traction with the mining high strength ring chain" MT36-80, the lifting machine is suitable for conveying powder, thus allowing higher temperature of the material conveying. characteristic Driving power Drive power is small, the inflow type feeding, induction type unloading material, large capacity hopper intensive layout. The material lifting almost no feed back and dig material phenomenon and is therefore invalid less power. Lifting range Lifting range, this type of hoist the kinds of materials, performance requirements, not only can improve the general powdery, granular materials and improve grinding Zhuo of larger material. Good sealing performance and environmental pollution. Operation ability Good operating reliability, advanced design principles and processing methods to ensure the reliability of the whole operation, no failure time more than 20 thousand hours. The lifting height is high, and the lifting machine runs stably, so the height of the lifting height can be achieved. service life The use of long life, enhance the feeding machine to take into the type, without the need to use a bucket material, material rarely occur extrusion and collision phenomenon. This machine in the design to ensure the materials in the feeding and unloading is less scattered, reduces the mechanical wear. working principle Hopper to material from below the storage scooping up, along the conveyor belt or chain ascension to the top, bypassing the top wheel turned downward, bucket hoist material poured into the receiving groove. Belt conveyor belt conveyor belt generally used rubber belt, installed in the bottom or above the driving drum and the upper and lower on the roller. Chain drive bucket elevator is generally equipped with two parallel transmission chain, on or below a pair of transmission chain wheel, or above is a pair of wheel. Bucket elevator is generally equipped with a chassis, in order to prevent the dust in the bucket elevator. structure Airplane parts The upper casing, shaft parts, reducer, coupling and motor assembled together. Middle casing According to the height of lifting, configured with different number of middle casing combined is able to meet the needs of. Lower part By the bottom casing, driven shaft parts and tensioning device to form a whole. The side door of the cabinet can be opened, and the inner side of the casing can be checked for cleaning. Chain and hopper The chain chain for steel welding. The hopper is fixed on the joint of the chain. Different height of the bucket lift machine is set the corresponding number of chains, connectors, and hopper. multi-function Multi function hoist is a kind of electric hoist can be used in the ground and air. It is widely used in the construction industry. It has large conveying capacity, high altitude, stable and reliable operation. Multifunctional electric hoist rated lifting weight of 500 kg / 300 kilograms, multi-functional electric hoist the maximum lifting height of 100 meters, multifunctional electric lifting machine 500 kilograms improve (run) speed 5.5m/min; 300 kilograms of ascension (run) speed 8m / min, Rated up to 500KG, 300KG; The maximum lifting height: 100M The lifting speed is: 5.5M/MIN, 8M/MIN; Motor power is not as follows: 1.5kw, 1KW, 1.5KW, 0.4KW; The use of power supply: single phase and three-phase two. Classification of multi function elevator: Multi function lifting machine is divided into DTS-30 multi-function elevator and DTS-50 multi function DTS50-80-A, DTS50-80-B, DTS30-80-A, DTS30-80-B Other varieties HL type ring chain machine The HL type ring chain centrifugal bucket elevator is composed of a moving part (a hopper and a traction chain), an upper section with a transmission chain wheel, a lower section with a tension wheel, a middle casing and a driving device. Installation and maintenance Machine maintenance is a very important regular work, it should work closely with the operation and maintenance, and should have full-time personnel on duty check. Bearing All the load bearing 1. Crusher assume a machine, so good lubrication on bearing life have great relationship. It directly affects the machine life and the operation rate, therefore require the injection of a lubricating oil must be clean, seal must be in good condition and main oiling the machine of a rotating bearing, roller bearing the all gear and bearing, sliding plane. 2 the installation of the new tyre must be examined often prone to loose. 3 pay attention to the work of each part of the machine is normal. 4 pay attention to check the wear degree of easy to wear parts, always pay attention to replace worn parts. 5. The plane of the bottom of movable device, should go out dust and other matter lest machine can not meet the broken material bearing activities can not on the underframe mobile, resulting in serious accidents. 6 increase the bearing oil temperature, should stop and check the reason to be eliminated. 7 when the rotation of the gear in operation if there is an impact sound should be immediately stopped to check and eliminate. Installation commissioning 1 the equipment should be installed in the level of concrete foundation, fixed with anchor bolts. 2 attention should be paid to the installation of the vertical and horizontal. 3 after installation, check the various parts of bolt loosening and fastening the host whether the door please fasten. 4 power line and control switch according to the power of equipment. 5 inspection is completed, the empty load test, the normal test can be carried out. Safety regulation 1 the hoisting machine is maintained and managed by the designated personnel. The key of the power switch box is managed by the designated personnel. 2. Improve the machine must have a hoisting limiter and a stroke limiter, limiter should make the pulley in ascension to distance the drum or pulley 300mm before can automatically stop. Action sensitive and reliable, and carry out test. 3 hoist should have the maximum load mark, in the lifting, the weight of the landing is not overload (1T). 4 after power, check the hoisting limiter, stroke limiter, interlock switch safety device 5 lifting, before landing, alarm warning, can drive. 6 lifting machines will not allow manned on the next. 7 after the work is finished, the hoisting machine hanging plate should be born, and then cut off the power supply, close up and down the fence door. 8 to maintain the health of the surrounding environment. matters needing attention 1 empty load driving. So every time before the machine should be discharged in all the hopper of the material, and then stop. 2 can not be reversed. Reverse the chain derailment that may occur, to eliminate the trouble of derailment. 3 uniform feeding. The sudden increase of the volume of feed ban. The feeding amount can not exceed the capacity of lifting and conveying machine. Otherwise, it is easy to cause the bottom of the accumulation of serious "stuffy car" accident. 4 timely and proper amount of lubricating oil. 5 the chain and the hopper should be replaced in a timely manner when severe wear or damage. fault analysis fault To enhance the head wheel and the bottom wheel shaft mounting is not likely to cause the hopper belt deviation, main forms: the head wheel and the bottom wheel transmission shaft in the same vertical plane and is not parallel; two driving shafts are installed in a horizontal position and in the same vertical plane; the two transmission axis parallel and in the same vertical plane and horizontal. Such a situation, the hopper belt deviation, easy to cause the hopper and barrel hit, hopper with tear. In addition, the head of the hoist can bear large dynamic pressure, the maximum amount of up to 100 tons, due to the long operation of the inevitable in the bearing wear. Traditional methods to repair welding or brush plating machine repair, but both of them are some drawbacks: repair welding of high temperature of the thermal stress can not be completely eliminated, easy to cause material injury, leading to bend or break components; and brush plating coating thickness, is easy to peel and the above two methods are with repair of metal metal, can not change the "hard to hard" with the relationship between, in under the influence of the force, still caused by wear again. In view of the above problems, the main use of the United States and Europe is the polymer composite material repair method, which is the most mature application of the United States is the world's blue technology. Polymer material has strong adhesion, excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, can remove free machining. Both gradated welding thermal stress effects, repair thickness is not restricted, and products with the metal material does not have the deformability, absorption increased the impact of machine vibration, avoid wear again possible, and greatly extend the service life of the parts of the equipment, for the enterprise to save a large amount of downtime, create enormous economic value. Analysis solution 1 the lifting machine operation occurs when the abnormal sound (1) bucket type lifting machine base plate and bucket chain collision, adjust the elastic device, the chain tensioner. (2) the drive shaft and the driven shaft key relaxation, sprocket displacement, chain bucket and shell collision. Adjust the sprocket position, the key parts of. (3) the guide plate and the bucket collide, dressing guide plate position. (4) the guide plate and the bucket are clamped between the material base material, enlarge investment angle. (5) bearing failure, can not be flexible operation, should replace the bearing. (6) block or other foreign bodies in a lock shell, stop the removal of foreign body. (7) the teeth of the sprocket (drive, driven sprocket) is not correct, to modify the sprocket tooth profile or the replacement of sprocket. (8) the transmission chain wheel and the chain gear tooth is bad, the modification transmission sprocket tooth profile. (9) the transmission chain slippage, adjust the length of the chain. (10) the chassis mounting is not adjusted, the verticality of casing length. 2 elevator motor base vibration (1) the motor itself is poor, and the rotor is removed to check the static balance. (2) reducer and motor installation accuracy is poor, in excess of norms, to re adjust. (3) the installation accuracy of the motor base is not enough, the level of more than the standard requirements, to re adjust. (4) the installation of the transmission chain wheel error, need to re adjust. (5) the transmission sprocket teeth are bad, need to carry out the modification of tooth form. (6) the tightness of the transmission chain wheel is not proper, and should be adjusted again. 3 lifting machine leakage (1) the full length of the shell flange sealing gasket damage or leakage, replacement of the new pad, apply sealant, re tighten the flange bolts. (2) the material discharge from the nose, the base gap to increase the sealing pad or sealant. (3) input material height is too large, increasing the feed pressure, need to change the material input method, increase the feed buffer device. 4 lifting capacity is not up to the design capacity (1) material bonded in the bucket and chute, according to the degree of bonding, periodic removal of material. (2) in the front of the machine, the capacity of the machine is insufficient, which causes the material to be dropped, so that the elevator can not reach the design capacity, and it is necessary to improve the production capacity of the machine, (3) lifting speed is slow, need to change the speed ratio of the driving chain wheel. (4) improper measurement methods, or measurement errors, check the metering device, check the proportion of materials, re revised calculation method. 5 lifting machine material discharge is insufficient (1) the rear hoist machinery and equipment capacity is small, the discharge chute plug, improve the rear of the machinery and equipment production capacity. (2) the discharge valve is too small or the angle of the valve is not suitable for the correction, discharge chute. (3) the material in the bucket and the valve adhesion, regular removal of materials. 中文翻譯 斗式提升機 斗式提升機，是一種固定裝置的機械輸送設備，主要適用于粉狀、顆粒狀及小塊物料的連續(xù)垂直提升，可廣泛應用于各種規(guī)模的飼料廠、面粉廠、米廠、油廠、淀粉廠以及糧庫、港口碼頭等的散裝物料的提升。 斗式提升機用來垂直提升經(jīng)過破碎機的石灰石、煤、石膏、熟料、干粘土等塊粒狀物料以及生料、水泥、煤粉等粉狀物料。根據(jù)料斗運行速度的快慢不同，斗式提升機可分為：離心式卸料、重力式卸料和混合式卸料等三種形式。離心式卸料的斗速較快，適用于輸送粉狀、粒狀、小塊狀等磨琢性小的物料；重力式卸料的斗速較慢，適用于輸送塊狀的，比重較大的，磨琢性大的物料，如石灰石、熟料等。斗式提升機的牽引構(gòu)件有環(huán)鏈、板鏈和膠帶等幾種。環(huán)鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)和制造比較簡單，與料斗的連接也很牢固，輸送磨琢性大的物料時，鏈條的磨損較小，但其自重較大。板鏈結(jié)構(gòu)比較牢固，自重較輕，適用于提升量大的提升機，但鉸接接頭易被磨損，膠帶的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，但不適宜輸送磨琢性大的物料，普通膠帶物料溫度不超過60℃，夾鋼繩膠帶允許物料溫度達80℃，耐熱膠帶允許物料溫度達120℃，環(huán)鏈、板鏈輸送物料的溫度可達250℃。 適用范圍 本系列斗式提升機適于輸送粉狀，粒狀及小塊狀的無磨琢性及磨琢性小的物料，如：煤、水泥、石塊、砂、粘土、礦石等，由于提升機的牽引機構(gòu)是環(huán)行鏈條，因此允許輸送溫度較高的材料(物料溫度不超過250℃)。一般輸送高度最高可達40米。 功能 該類提升設備具有輸送量大，提升高度高，運行平穩(wěn)可靠，壽命長顯著優(yōu)點，其主要性能及參數(shù)符合《垂直斗式提升機》（JB3926-85）（該標準等效參照了國際標準和國外先進標準），牽引圓環(huán)鏈符合《礦用高強度圓環(huán)鏈》（MT36-80），本提升機適于輸送粉狀，因此允許輸送溫度較高的材料。 特點 驅(qū)動功率 驅(qū)動功率小，采用流入式喂料、誘導式卸料、大容量的料斗密集型布置.在物料提升時幾乎無回料和挖料現(xiàn)象，因此無效功率少。 提升范圍 提升范圍廣，這類提升機對物料的種類、特性要求少，不但能提升一般粉狀、小顆粒狀物料，而且可提升磨琢性較大的物料.密封性好，環(huán)境污染少。 運行能力 運行可靠性好，先進的設計原理和加工方法，保證了整機運行的可靠性，無故障時間超過2萬小時。提升高度高.提升機運行平穩(wěn)，因此可達到較高的提升高度。 使用壽命 使用壽命長，提升機的喂料采取流入式，無需用斗挖料，材料之間很少發(fā)生擠壓和碰撞現(xiàn)象。本機在設計時保證物料在喂料、卸料時少有撒落，減少了機械磨損。 工作原理 料斗把物料從下面的儲藏中舀起，隨著輸送帶或鏈提升到頂部，繞過頂輪后向下翻轉(zhuǎn)，斗式提升機將物料傾入接受槽內(nèi)。帶傳動的斗式提升機的傳動帶一般采用橡膠帶，裝在下或上面的傳動滾筒和上下面的改向滾筒上。鏈傳動的斗式提升機一般裝有兩條平行的傳動鏈，上或下面有一對傳動鏈輪，下或上面是一對改向鏈輪。斗式提升機一般都裝有機殼，以防止斗式提升機中粉塵飛揚。 結(jié)構(gòu) 機首部件 由上部機殼，主動軸部件，減速機、連軸器、電機等組裝成一體。 中部機殼 根據(jù)需要提升的高度、配置不同數(shù)量的中部機殼迭加起來既能滿足需要。 下部部件 由底部機殼，從動軸部件及張緊裝置結(jié)成一體。機殼側(cè)面有門可以打開，對其內(nèi)部進行檢查如清掃。 鏈條及料斗 鏈條為圓鋼焊接環(huán)鏈。料斗用螺母定在鏈條的接頭上。不同高度的斗提機現(xiàn)套相應數(shù)量的鏈條、接頭、及料斗。 多功能 多功能提升機是電動葫蘆的一種可用于地面和空中使用.廣泛用于建筑行業(yè).，具有輸送量大，提升高度高，運行平穩(wěn)可靠。多功能電動提升機額定提升重量為500公斤/300公斤，多功能電動提升機的最大提升高度為100米，多功能電動提升機500公斤提升（運行）速度5.5m/min；300公斤提升（運行）速度8m/min， 額定起重量為500KG，300KG； 最大提升高度為：100M 提升速度為：5.5M/MIN，8M/MIN； 電機功率為別為：1.5kw，1KW，1.5KW，0.4KW； 使用電源為：單相和三相兩種。 多功能提升機分類： 多功能提升機分為DTS-30多功能提升機和DTS-50多功能提升機 DTS50-80-A，DTS50-80-B，DTS30-80-A，DTS30-80-B 其他品種 HL型環(huán)鏈機 HL型環(huán)鏈離心斗式提升機，由運動部分（料斗與牽引鏈條）、帶有傳動鏈輪的上部區(qū)段、帶有拉緊輪的下部區(qū)段、中間機殼、驅(qū)動裝置、逆止制動裝置等組成。本提升機的料斗為間斷式布置，利用“掏取法”進行裝載，“離心投料法”卸料。本提升機的牽引機構(gòu)是兩根環(huán)形鏈條。 TH系列斗式提升機工作原理：TH系列斗式提升機適用于輸送粉狀、粒狀及小塊狀的無磨琢及磨琢性小的物料。TH型是一種圓環(huán)鏈斗式提升機采用混合式或重力卸料，挖取式裝料。牽引件用優(yōu)質(zhì)合金鋼高度圓環(huán)鏈。中部機殼分單、雙通道兩種形式為機內(nèi)重錘箱恒力自動張緊。鏈輪采用可換輪緣組合式結(jié)構(gòu)。使用壽命長，輪緣更換工作簡便。下部采用重力自動張緊裝置，能保持恒定的張緊力，避免打滑或脫鏈，同時料斗遇到偶然因素引起的卡殼現(xiàn)象時有一定的容讓性，能夠有效地保護下部軸等部件。該斗式提升機適用于輸送堆積密度小于1.5t/m3易于掏取的粉狀、粒狀、小塊狀的底磨琢性物料。如煤、水泥、碎石、砂子、化肥、糧食等。TH型斗式提升機用于各種散狀物料的垂直輸送。適用于輸送粉狀、粒狀、小塊狀物料，物料溫度在250℃以下。 NE系列板鏈機 NE系列板鏈式斗式提升機本機系流入式喂料，物料流入料斗內(nèi)靠板鏈提升到頂端，在物料重力作用下自行卸料。本系列提升機規(guī)格多（NE15~NE800共11種）提升量廣；且生產(chǎn)能高，能耗較低，可逐步代替其他類型提升機，其主要參數(shù)見下表。該機采用全封式機殼鏈速低，幾乎無回料現(xiàn)象，因此無功功率損耗少，噪聲低，壽命長。 DZC振動機 DZC系列電機振動垂直提升機是由提升槽、振動電機、減振系統(tǒng)和底座等組成。該系列提升機是采用振動電機作為振動源，固定在提升槽上的兩臺相同型號的振動電機中心線交叉一定角度安裝，并做相反方向自同步旋轉(zhuǎn)，振動電機所帶的偏心塊在旋轉(zhuǎn)時各個瞬間位置所產(chǎn)生的離心力之分力沿拋擲方向作往復運動，使支承在減振器上的整個機體不停振動，使物料在提升槽內(nèi)被拋起的同時向上運動，物料落入入料槽后，開始被拋起，此時可以使物料與空氣充分接觸，還可以起到散熱冷卻的作用。該提升機對粉狀、塊狀和短纖維狀的固體物料（有粘性和易結(jié)塊的除外）都可垂直輸送，還可以完成對物料的干燥、冷卻作用。分敞開式、封閉式兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。并可按照用戶需要進行特殊設計 液壓機 液壓提升機是一種非剪叉式液壓升降臺.適用于二三層工業(yè)廠房，餐廳，酒樓樓層間的貨物傳輸.臺面最低高度為150-300mm，最適合于不能開挖地坑的工作場所安裝使用.該平臺無須上部吊點，形式多樣（單柱，雙柱，四柱），運行平穩(wěn)，操作簡單可靠，樓層間貨物傳輸經(jīng)濟便捷. 可升高4.5m， 電機：3000瓦， 載重量：300KG--400KG， 工作臺面：800*580，方便客戶裝車和擠堆。 可移動式物料提升機多用在倉庫、碼頭等地方貨物搬運。移動式物料升降機會給您很大的幫助，堅實的結(jié)構(gòu)和可靠的性能使這些設備在各種工作場所中大顯身手，能安全的提升最重達454公斤的貨物，最高可達8米，每臺設備都能整機移動操作并容易搬動。 礦井提升機 是一種大型提升機械設備。由電機帶動機械設備，以帶動鋼絲繩從而帶動容器在井筒中升降，完成輸送任務。礦井提升機是由原始的提水工具逐步發(fā)展演變而來?，F(xiàn)代的礦井提升機提升量大，速度高，安全性高，已發(fā)展成為電子計算機控制的全自動重型礦山機械。 礦井提升機主要由電動機、減速器、卷筒（或摩擦輪）、制動系統(tǒng)、深度指示系統(tǒng)、測速限速系統(tǒng)和操縱系統(tǒng)等組成，采用交流或直流電機驅(qū)動。按提升鋼絲繩的工作原理分纏繞式礦井提升機和摩擦式礦井提升機。纏繞式礦井提升機有單卷筒和雙卷筒兩種，鋼絲繩在卷筒上的纏繞方式與一般絞車類似。單筒大多只有一根鋼絲繩，連接一個容器。雙筒的每個卷筒各配一根鋼絲繩，連接兩個容器，運轉(zhuǎn)時一個容器上升，另一個容器下降。纏繞式礦井提升機大多用于年產(chǎn)量在120萬噸以下、井深小于400米的礦井中。摩擦式礦井提升機的提升繩搭掛在摩擦輪上，利用與摩擦輪襯墊的摩擦力使容器上升。提升繩的兩端各連接一個容器，或一端連接容器，另一端連接平衡重。摩擦式礦井提升機根據(jù)布置方式分為塔式摩擦式礦井提升機（機房設在井筒頂部塔架上）和落地摩擦式礦井提升機（機房直接設在地面上）兩種。按提升繩的數(shù)量又分為單繩摩擦式礦井提升機和多繩摩擦式礦井提升機。后者的優(yōu)點是：可采用較細的鋼絲繩和直徑較小的摩擦輪，從而機組尺寸小，便于制造；速度高、提升能力大、安全性好。年產(chǎn)120萬噸以上、井深小于2100米的豎井大多采用這種提升機。 纏繞式提升機 單繩纏繞式提升機 根據(jù)卷筒數(shù)目可分為單卷筒和雙卷筒兩種：①單卷筒提升機，一般作單鉤提升。鋼絲繩的一端固定在卷筒上，另一端繞過天輪與提升容器相連；卷筒轉(zhuǎn)動時，鋼絲繩向卷筒上纏繞或放出，帶動提升容器升降。②雙卷筒提升機，作雙鉤提升。兩根鋼絲繩各固定在一個卷筒上,分別從卷筒上、下方引出,卷筒轉(zhuǎn)動時，一個提升容器上升，另一個容器下降。纏繞式提升機按卷筒的外形又分為等直徑提升機和變直徑提升機兩種。等直徑卷筒的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造容易，價格低，得到普遍應用。深井提升時，由于兩側(cè)鋼絲繩長度變化大，力矩很不平衡。早期采用變直徑提升機（圓柱圓錐形卷筒），現(xiàn)多采用尾繩平衡。 纏繞式提升機的主要部件有主軸、卷筒、主軸承、調(diào)繩離合器、減速器、深度指示器和制動器等。雙卷筒提升機的卷筒與主軸固接者稱固定卷筒，經(jīng)調(diào)繩離合器與主軸相連者稱活動卷筒。中國制造的卷筒直徑為 2～5m。隨著礦井深度和產(chǎn)量的加大，鋼絲繩的長度和直徑相應增加。因而卷筒的直徑和寬度也要增大，故不適用于深井提升。 多繩纏繞式提升機 提升機在超深井運行中，尾繩懸垂長度變化大，提升鋼絲繩承受很大交變應力，影響鋼絲繩壽命；尾繩在井筒中還易扭轉(zhuǎn)，妨礙工作。20世紀 50年代末，英國人布雷爾（Blair）設計了一臺直徑3.2m雙繩多層纏繞式提升機(又稱布雷爾式提升機)，提升高度1580～2349m，一次提升量10～20t。 摩擦式提升機 1938年，瑞典的ASEA公司在拉維爾（Laver）礦安裝了一臺直徑1.96m雙繩摩擦式提升機。1947年德國G.H.H.公司在漢諾威（Hannover）礦安裝了一臺四繩摩擦式提升機。多繩摩擦式提升機具有安全性高、鋼絲繩直徑細、主導輪直徑小、設備重量輕、耗電少、價格便宜等優(yōu)點，發(fā)展很快。除用于深立井提升外，還可用于淺立井和斜井提升。鋼絲繩搭放在提升機的主導輪（摩擦輪）上，兩端懸掛提升容器或一端掛平衡重(錘)。運轉(zhuǎn)時，借主導輪的摩擦襯墊與鋼絲繩間的摩擦力,帶動鋼絲繩完成容器的升降。鋼絲繩一般為2～10根。 井塔式提升機 機房設在井塔頂層，與井塔合成一體，節(jié)省場地；鋼絲繩不暴露在露天，不受雨雪的侵蝕，但井塔的重量大，基建時間長，造價高，并不宜用于地震區(qū)。 落地式提升機 機房直接設在地面上，井架低，投資小，抗震性能好；缺點是鋼絲繩暴露在露天，彎曲次數(shù)多,影響鋼絲繩的工作條件及使用壽命。 多繩摩擦式提升機的主要部件有主軸、主導輪、主軸承、車槽裝置、減速器、深度指示器、制動裝置及導向輪等。主導輪表面裝有帶繩槽的摩擦襯墊。襯墊應具有較高的摩擦系數(shù)和耐磨、耐壓性能,其材質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣直接影響提升機的生產(chǎn)能力、工作安全性及應用范圍。使用較多的襯墊材料有聚氯乙烯或聚氨基甲酸乙酯橡膠等。由于鋼絲繩與主導輪襯墊間不可避免的蠕動和滑動，停車時深度指示器偏離零位，故應設自動調(diào)零裝置，在每次停車期間使指針自動指向零位。車槽裝置用于車削繩槽，保持直徑一致，有利于每根鋼絲繩張力均勻。為了減少震動，可采用彈簧機座減速器。 內(nèi)裝式提升機 內(nèi)裝式摩擦提升機是將工作機和驅(qū)動機合二為一且融合微電子技術、信息技術的機電一體化整體，其特點是將電動機裝在卷筒或摩擦輪內(nèi)部。這種一體化的機電整體，既是工作機，又是驅(qū)動機。此外，作為電動機來看，也與傳統(tǒng)構(gòu)造不同，不是定子在外，轉(zhuǎn)子在內(nèi)，而是恰恰相反。它從根本上改變了提升機的構(gòu)造概念。 內(nèi)裝式提升機早在1988年就開始生產(chǎn)，世