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礦用半掛車分動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
本設(shè)計(jì)主要了解礦用半掛車，以及礦用半掛車的載重，常見礦用半掛車的分動(dòng)器基本原理和基本結(jié)構(gòu)的型式,礦用半掛車屬于非公路運(yùn)輸用的重型和超重型自卸掛車主要承擔(dān)大型礦山、工程等運(yùn)輸任務(wù)，工程方面，比一般載重車更耐用，工作環(huán)境惡劣、負(fù)載重、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高。分動(dòng)器的功用就是將分動(dòng)器輸出的動(dòng)力分配到各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，并且進(jìn)一步增大扭矩。分動(dòng)器也是一個(gè)齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，它單獨(dú)固定在車架上，其輸入軸與分動(dòng)器的輸出軸用萬向傳動(dòng)裝置連接，分動(dòng)器的輸出軸有若干根，分別經(jīng)萬向傳動(dòng)裝置與各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋相連。本設(shè)計(jì)主要說明了分動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算過程。設(shè)計(jì)部分較詳細(xì)的敘述了分動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)過程，選擇結(jié)構(gòu)方案、主要參數(shù)、齒輪設(shè)計(jì)、軸設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算校核、其他結(jié)構(gòu)部件的設(shè)計(jì)。
關(guān)鍵詞：礦用半掛車分動(dòng)器；齒輪；軸
5
Design of Power Transfer Case for the mine Semi-trailer
Abstract
This design mainly know mine semi-trailer, and mine semi-trailer truck, common mining semi-trailer transfer basic principle and basic structure of the model, mining semi-trailer belongs to the highway transportation of heavy and super-heavy dump trailer mainly bear the transportation tasks such as large-scale mining, engineering, engineering, the truck is more durable than normal, work environment bad, negative load, high labor intensity. Transfer function is to transfer the output of the power allocated to each drive axle, and further increase torque. Transfer box is a gear transmission system, it separately fixed on the frame, its input shaft connected to the transfer box output shaft with a universal transmission device, there are a few root transfer box output shaft, respectively by the universal driving device connected with the drive axle. This design mainly illustrates the design and calculation of transfer process. Design part in detail describes the transfer of the design process, choose the structure scheme, the main parameter, design of gear, shaft structure design, calculation and checking, other parts of the design
Keywords: mine semi-trailer; gear;shaft
目 錄
1緒論…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1概述.....................................................................................................................…1
1.2分動(dòng)器簡介..................…..…………………………………………………….....1
1.2.1帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器…………....................................................................1
1.2.2不帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器…………................................................................2
1.2.3裝有超越離合器的分動(dòng)器…………................................................................2
1.3分動(dòng)器的構(gòu)造及原理....................................................................................…2
1.4分動(dòng)器的輪型..................…..………………………………..……………...…....2
1.4.1分時(shí)四驅(qū)............................................................................................................2
1.4.2全時(shí)四驅(qū)............................................................................................................2
1.4.3適時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)............................................................................................................3
1.5分動(dòng)器結(jié)構(gòu)方案的選擇.........................................................................................3
1.6完成本課題的工作方案及進(jìn)度計(jì)劃（按周次填寫）…..……………………...5
1.7畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的工作量要求…..………………………………...……………………5
2分動(dòng)器主要參數(shù)的選擇………………………………………………………6
2.1檔數(shù)及傳動(dòng)比……………………………………………………………………6
2.2中心距.................…………………………………………………………… …7
2.3齒輪參數(shù).................…………………………………………………… ……7
2.3.1齒輪模數(shù)...........................................................................................................7
2.3.2齒形、壓力角、螺旋角β和齒寬................................. .............................8
2.4高低檔傳動(dòng)比及其齒數(shù)的確定……… ………………………………………9
2.4.1確定抵擋齒輪的齒數(shù)........................................................................................9
2.4.2確定高擋齒輪的齒數(shù)........................................................................................9
3分動(dòng)器齒輪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算及材料選擇…………………………………………11
3.1齒輪失效形式與原因…………………………………………………………11
3.2齒輪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算與校核…………………………………………………………11
3.2.1斜齒輪彎曲應(yīng)力..............................................................................................11
3.2.2齒輪接觸應(yīng)力..................................................................................................12
4軸的計(jì)算與校核………………………………………………………………14
4.1軸的失效形式及設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則……………………………………………………14
4.2軸的計(jì)算..............……………………………………………………………14
4.2.1輸入軸的初選及校核......................................................................................14
4.2.2輸出軸的初選及校核......................................................................................15
4.3分動(dòng)器軸承的選擇………………………………………………...............……15
4.3.1軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)..................................................................................................15
4.4鍵的計(jì)算...............................................................................................................18
5同步器……………………………………………………………………………20
5.1同步器的結(jié)構(gòu)類型…………………………………………………………20
5.2鎖環(huán)式同步器的工作原理……………………………………………………20
5.3慣性鎖止式同步器的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)…………………………………………22
5.3.1摩擦錐面的半錐角和摩擦系數(shù)f………………………………………....22
5.3.2摩擦錐面的平均半徑和同步錐環(huán)的鏡像厚度.....................................22
5.3.3摩擦錐面的工作面寬..................................................................................22
5.3.4鎖止角β...........................................................................................................23
5.3.5同步時(shí)間與軸向推力.............................................................................23
5.3.6同步器摩擦副的材料......................................................................................23
6工藝分析................................................................................................................24
6.1殼體加工工藝.......................................................................................................24
6.2撥叉加工工藝.......................................................................................................25
6.3齒輪加工工藝.......................................................................................................25
6.4軸的加工工藝.......................................................................................................25
6.5總成的裝配...........................................................................................................26
7總結(jié)…………………………………………………………………......…………28
參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………...…29
致謝……………………………………………………………………………….....30
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)聲明…………………………………………….....31
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明………………………………………………….....….32
1 緒論
1.1概述
本課題主要研究礦用半掛車分動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)，在多軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車上，為了將變速器輸出的動(dòng)力分配到各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，通常裝有分動(dòng)器。礦用半掛車的牽引車是在礦車底盤基礎(chǔ)上改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的雙后橋驅(qū)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，針對(duì)橋驅(qū)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備—專用分動(dòng)器，通過分析雙后橋驅(qū)動(dòng)原理以及分動(dòng)器的原理和功能，根據(jù)動(dòng)力分配、底盤結(jié)構(gòu)、傳遞扭矩及傳動(dòng)方式的要求，確定出分動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)方案和整體結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)[1]。在近百年中，汽車設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)也經(jīng)歷了由經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展到以科