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中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)2007屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 9 頁(yè)
翻譯部分
英文原文
Introduction.
China's coal reserves, the distribution of a wide range of complex conditions of occurrence and distribution of the 1.3 m ~ 3.5m. dip below 25 degrees, in the middle of stability and stability which the following conditions under the roof of the seam, with its output accounting for about 86% of total output. China's overall mining face in the distribution of relief to the majority of which tilt stability and the stability which the roof above the thick seam, and the other conditions under the seam, the existing hydraulic support poor adaptability, the use of the result is not satisfactory. Nationwide, the complex geological conditions and the lack of funds and other reasons, despite 10 years of efforts, Fully-level is still only 21%, while fully-developed countries abroad general level has reached 70% ~ 80%. From China in recent years supporting the reform, the huge investment of fully mechanized mining development is very slow. and the hydraulic prop face there was a major development, a small number of mines has basically realized the hydraulic prop of. China fully mechanized hydraulic support to promote the use, there are still many problems to be solved.
1. Variety Series hydraulic supports the reasonable structure in our country, the conditions are good face, financial strength of the mining area basically the use of the fully mechanized.
Although some other mining areas fully mechanized, but with the intensity of development, face increasingly worse conditions, the strike length has become increasingly short. difficult mining coal seam imbalance is getting worse. With a mine or mines with a used one, two types of stents it difficult to adapt to all the coal face and conditions the purchase of F-wide huge investment and technology is not necessarily economically reasonable, the majority of small and medium-sized mine funding difficulties, but some of the existing hydraulic supports are difficult to adapt to the mine geology and production technology. The above analysis indicates that while China's coal mines supporting the low level of mechanization, hydraulic supports and other food manufacturers. The problem is not suitable for most geological conditions and the production technology support Variety Series. Taking a panoramic view of China's coal mines and stent manufacturers of the actual situation, we believe that the development of China's coal mining support series Fully-go with the simple fully mechanized, high-grade mining and general mining comprehensive ancillary road, At present, the focus should be on the fully mechanized summary supporting product research and development. Since shifting hydraulic stent, to further improve the quality of products, improve function, improving structure, reduce costs and enhance the adaptability stent. We must continue to improve and innovate under special conditions for exploitation of the special stent. For hydraulic prop, although development has been laid, but there is still a lot of problems, mainly : three-valve clearance, however, pillars of maintenance capacity, high failure rate, support, demolition, removal of all manual, labor-intensive; hydraulic prop with hinged metal roof beams supporting low efficiency. Therefore, hydraulic prop should also improve product quality, reduce costs, and supporting the development of an exclusive top beam, achieve pillars and roof beams combine and do shift from running. Focus on research and development of wide adaptation, more powerful, cheap, simple and fully-supporting, Since ranged from large hydraulic shift stents and stent slip between the top beam of the light frame, both from the shift, wiping the top and pressure-shift function, but also with monomer stent small size, light weight, flexible and adaptable to the changing characteristics, greater scope to adapt to the occurrence of coal production and technological conditions. Fully-development Simple Light hydraulic support to the attraction of foreign mention legs stent, domestic sliding roof beam stent success on the basis of experience, to overcome their shortcomings, do stent light weight, resistance, low cost, over all functions and adaptability. According to China's actual situation in the coal mine, we believe that the development of China Light Easy Fully-hydraulic shift from the stent, can be divided into the following three steps :
First, to continue to improve the sliding roof beam-type structure, and improve its function. further expand the scope of use;
Second, the transformation of poor use of the Crib and Festival stent, as structure, F-more reasonable and more adaptable to the shifting light from the stent;
Third, the development of more innovative functional whole, structure and working methods more reasonable new light since the shift stent. As a result, there is a very complete portable hydraulic support series. High-grade general mining will be simple to fully mechanized mining development, general mining to the high-grade general mining transition, not an increase in investment in the circumstances, so that the majority of the mechanized coal mining to improve the general level a notch.
2. Hydraulic supports the technical status quo. In recent years, China's comprehensive mechanization of coal mining level has increased, With integrated mechanized mining technology and the development of new high-power Shearer, the conveyor's emergence require a corresponding stent, but the stent control system without corresponding improvement is not enough to meet the requirements. So far, My homemade hydraulic support control remained in hand with a one-way plane-o-control or the control level. Such control, although the control system is simple, easy to manufacture. and the lower cost of coal geological conditions change adaptation strong advantages, but it had serious shortcomings : ① poor working conditions of workers, security is poor; ② Moving very slowly, the impact on the efficiency of Shearer to play; ③ ventilation was poor, the high failure rate of stent; ④ Supporting the effectiveness of the operation and the extent to play the experience and skills level of the number of closely related. Hydraulic support to achieve automatic control, can be effectively overcome the above drawbacks, achieving the right stent electrohydraulic control, and a variety of control options are available, Officers in the relatively safe places focus on the entire face of the stent remote control or process control. Now foreign ordinary fully mechanized coal face hydraulic support has achieved the computer infrared electro-hydraulic control, group. Rows to the advancement racks, liquid rated for up to 40 MPa pressure. Lmin ~ 300 flow 450Lmin for liquid diameter 100 mm ~ 120mm. Moving faster than the 10 min group. Domestic and hydraulic supports or low voltage solution for small diameter, artificial manual operation. Statistics actual scene, a forward support group will take about 1 min. Support for the largest fluid pressure not exceed 32 MPa for 25 mm diameter by 30mm ~, Flow in 150 ~ 200Lmin Lmin. Two columns cover hydraulic support the work of resistance 780 t, F width 1.5 m, using infrared PM4 electro-hydraulic control system, Shearer microcomputer from the remote control, support columns more than 400 mm in diameter, speed-shifting group 10 min.
3. Fully-development Simple Light stent prospects. Mechanized mining in the central part of the stent is supporting. China's more than 300 existing high-grade general mining operations and the use of hydraulic prop bracing, slow, labor-intensive, production falters, and the high failure rate of stent, the maintenance cost is high. If a small investment (about Fully-14 - 16), high-grade general mining face development as simple fully mechanized coal face. Supporting intensity of the stent realize shift, and to some extent with pressure-moving, Face roof management will be significantly improved yield, the effectiveness will be significantly enhanced. Summary of fully mechanized mining mechanization level although outpaced large fully mechanized, but its adaptability larger, broader scope, investment in high-grade general mining increased marginally, mechanization has increased dramatically, significantly reduced labor intensity. For some large hydraulic support it difficult to adapt to the mining district and other financial difficulties of small and medium-sized mine, the local coal mine, Fully-Easy development is undoubtedly enhance mining mechanization level to enhance economic efficiency and guarantee production safety improve the working conditions of workers in a well-established technique.
4. Conclusion. After nearly 30 years of development and hard work, China's hydraulic support in the design, manufacture level has been improving. especially in the gently inclined thick seam of hydraulic support has accumulated considerable experience, the basic frame-type has become mature, perfect, in the variety and quality with the advanced international level gap is getting smaller and smaller. But the control components and control systems and products in advanced countries there is a large gap. Henceforth, it shall continue to be directed against China's national conditions and specific conditions seam, developing some new-type, the new varieties, It should also improve stent control systems and improve the reliability stent effort.
References :
[1] Zhu Shi-shun. Talk about the hydraulic support Variety Series qualified structure [J]. Mine machinery, 1990 (3) : 3-5.
[2] Rong PENG Xi-Wen. hydraulic support control and the prospects of the development [J]. Mine machinery, 1990 (11) :1-3.
[3] with Yang Min Wang Yue Fei. Comprehensive up to domestic development and supporting equipment Thoughts [J]. Mine Machinery, 1999 (8) : 2-3.
中文翻譯
引 言.
我國(guó)的煤層儲(chǔ)量多,分布范圍廣,賦存條件復(fù)雜,分布在1.3m~3.5m、傾角在25度以下,處于中穩(wěn)及中穩(wěn)以下頂板條件下的煤層,其產(chǎn)量約占總產(chǎn)量的86%。我國(guó)的綜采工作面絕大部分分布在緩傾斜中穩(wěn)及中穩(wěn)以上頂板的中厚煤層,而其它條件下的煤層,現(xiàn)有的液壓支架適應(yīng)性差,使用效果不理想。就全國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),由于地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜和資金不足等原因,雖然經(jīng)過(guò)十幾年的努力,綜采程度仍只有21%,而國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家綜采程度一般已達(dá)70%~80%。從我國(guó)近幾年的支護(hù)改革來(lái)看,投資巨大的綜采發(fā)展十分緩慢,而單體液壓支柱工作面卻有了大發(fā)展,少數(shù)礦區(qū)已基本上實(shí)現(xiàn)了單體液壓支柱化。我國(guó)綜采液壓支架的推廣使用,目前還存在許多亟待解決的問(wèn)題。
1. 液壓支架品種系列的合理結(jié)構(gòu)在我國(guó),條件好的工作面、資金雄厚的礦區(qū)基本上都用上了綜采。
其它礦區(qū)雖有部分綜采,但隨著開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度加大,工作面條件越來(lái)越差,走向長(zhǎng)度越來(lái)越短,難開(kāi)采的煤層回采失調(diào)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。同一個(gè)礦區(qū)或同一個(gè)礦,用一、二種支架難以適應(yīng)全部的煤層及工作面條件,購(gòu)買繁多的架型投資巨大且技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)上不一定合理,大多數(shù)中小型礦井資金困難,而且現(xiàn)有的一些液壓支架也很難適應(yīng)這些礦井的地質(zhì)及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)條件。由以上分析可知,一方面我國(guó)煤礦支護(hù)機(jī)械化程度很低,而另一方面液壓支架生產(chǎn)廠家吃不飽,問(wèn)題就在于沒(méi)有適合大多數(shù)地質(zhì)及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)條件的支架品種系列?？v觀我國(guó)煤礦和支架生產(chǎn)廠家的實(shí)際情況,我們認(rèn)為,發(fā)展我國(guó)的煤礦支護(hù)產(chǎn)品品種系列,要走與綜采、簡(jiǎn)易綜采、高檔普采和普采全面配套的道路,目前要把重點(diǎn)放在簡(jiǎn)易綜采支護(hù)產(chǎn)品的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)上。對(duì)于液壓自移支架,要進(jìn)一步提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,完善功能,改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu),降低成本和增強(qiáng)支架的適應(yīng)性。要繼續(xù)完善和創(chuàng)新特殊開(kāi)采條件下的特殊支架。對(duì)于單體液壓支柱,雖然有了發(fā)展,但存在的問(wèn)題還很多,主要有三:用閥不過(guò)關(guān),支柱維修量大、損壞率高,支、拆、搬運(yùn)全是手工操作,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大;單體液壓支柱與金屬鉸接頂梁配套效率低。因此,單體液壓支柱也要提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,降低成本,研制與之配套的專用頂梁,實(shí)現(xiàn)支柱與頂梁結(jié)合并做到行走自移。重點(diǎn)研制和發(fā)展適應(yīng)范圍廣、功能較強(qiáng)、價(jià)格便宜、與簡(jiǎn)易綜采配套的、介于大型液壓自移支架和滑移頂梁支架之間的輕便支架,既具有自移、擦頂和帶壓移架的功能,又要具備單體支架體積小、重量輕、靈活多變適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),以適應(yīng)更大范圍煤層的賦存及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)條件。發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)易綜采輕便液壓支架,要在吸收國(guó)外提腿支架、國(guó)內(nèi)滑移頂梁等支架成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,克服它們的不足之處,做到支架重量輕、阻力大、成本低、功能較全、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。根據(jù)我國(guó)煤礦的實(shí)際情況,我們認(rèn)為,發(fā)展我國(guó)簡(jiǎn)易綜采輕便液壓自移支架,可以分為以下三個(gè)步驟進(jìn)行:
首先,繼續(xù)改進(jìn)滑移頂梁等架型的結(jié)構(gòu),完善其功能,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大使用范圍;
第二,改造使用效果差的垛式和節(jié)式支架,使其成為結(jié)構(gòu)、架型更合理,適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)的輕便自移支架;
第三,研制創(chuàng)新功能更全、結(jié)構(gòu)和工作方式更合理的新型輕便自移支架。這樣一來(lái),就有一個(gè)十分完整的輕便液壓支架系列。將高檔普采向簡(jiǎn)易綜采發(fā)展,將普采向高檔普采過(guò)渡,在投資增加不大的情況下,使廣大煤礦的機(jī)械化開(kāi)采水平普遍提高一個(gè)檔次。
2 .液壓支架的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀.
近年來(lái),我國(guó)采煤綜合機(jī)械化的水平有所提高,隨著綜合機(jī)械化采煤技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和新型大功率采煤機(jī)、工作面輸送機(jī)的出現(xiàn),要求支架與之相配套,但若支架的控制系統(tǒng)不作相應(yīng)的改進(jìn),是滿足不了這一要求的。到目前為止,我國(guó)國(guó)產(chǎn)液壓支架的控制方式仍然停留在跟機(jī)手把單向鄰架控制或本架控制水平。這種控制方式,雖然具有控制系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、制造容易、造價(jià)較低和對(duì)煤層地質(zhì)條件變化適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它存在嚴(yán)重缺點(diǎn):①工人勞動(dòng)條件差,安全性差;②移架速度慢,影響采煤機(jī)效率的發(fā)揮;③通風(fēng)條件差,支架故障率高;④支架支護(hù)效能的發(fā)揮程度與操作人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)多少和技能高低有密切關(guān)系。液壓支架實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制后,就可有效地克服上述缺點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)支架的電液控制,而且有多種控制方式可供選擇,人員可在較安全的地方集中對(duì)整個(gè)工作面的支架進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制或程序控制。現(xiàn)在國(guó)外的普通綜采工作面液壓支架已實(shí)現(xiàn)了微機(jī)紅外線電液自動(dòng)控制,可成組、成排地向前移架,額定供液壓力達(dá)到40MPa,流量300Lmin~450Lmin,供液管徑100mm~120mm,移架速度超過(guò)了10組min。而國(guó)產(chǎn)液壓支架還是中低壓小管徑供液,人工手動(dòng)操作?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際統(tǒng)計(jì),前移一組支架大約需1min。最大的支架供液壓力不超過(guò)32MPa,供液管徑25mm~30mm,流量在150Lmin~200Lmin。二柱掩護(hù)式液壓支架的工作阻力780t,架寬1.5m,采用PM4型紅外電液控制系統(tǒng),由采煤機(jī)微電腦遠(yuǎn)距離控制,支架立柱直徑超過(guò)400mm,移架速度10組min。
3 .發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)易綜采輕便支架的前景.
機(jī)械化開(kāi)采的中心環(huán)節(jié)是支架的配套。我國(guó)現(xiàn)有300多個(gè)高檔普采工作面,使用單體液壓支柱支護(hù),速度慢,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,產(chǎn)量上不去,而且支架損壞率高,維修費(fèi)用大。如果用少量的投資(約是綜采的14~16),將高檔普采工作面發(fā)展為簡(jiǎn)易綜采工作面,支護(hù)強(qiáng)度加大了,支架實(shí)現(xiàn)自移并在一定程度上帶壓移架,工作面的頂板管理將有明顯改善,單產(chǎn)、效益將會(huì)大幅度地提高。簡(jiǎn)易綜采的機(jī)械化水平雖然趕不上大型綜采,但其適應(yīng)性較大,適用范圍更廣,投資比高檔普采增加不多,機(jī)械化程度卻大為提高,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大為降低。對(duì)于一些大型液壓支架難以適應(yīng)的礦區(qū)及其它一些資金困難的中小型礦井、地方煤礦,發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)易綜采,無(wú)疑是提高回采機(jī)械化水平,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和保障生產(chǎn)安全,改善工人勞動(dòng)條件的一條行之有效的技術(shù)途徑。
4 .結(jié)語(yǔ).
經(jīng)過(guò)近30年的發(fā)展和努力,我國(guó)液壓支架的設(shè)計(jì)、制造水平在不斷提高,特別是在緩傾斜中厚煤層的液壓支架方面積累了相當(dāng)豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),架型已基本趨于成熟、完善,在品種和質(zhì)量方面與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平相比差距越來(lái)越小。但在控制元件和控制系統(tǒng)方面,與先進(jìn)國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品相比還有較大差距。所以,今后除應(yīng)繼續(xù)針對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)情和煤層具體條件,開(kāi)發(fā)一些新架型、新品種外,還應(yīng)在改進(jìn)支架控制系統(tǒng)和提高支架的工作可靠性方面下功夫。
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