汽車(chē)或者玩具車(chē)造型設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+SOLIDWORKS+仿真】
汽車(chē)或者玩具車(chē)造型設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+SOLIDWORKS+仿真】,說(shuō)明書(shū)+SOLIDWORKS+仿真,汽車(chē)或者玩具車(chē)造型設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+SOLIDWORKS+仿真】,汽車(chē),或者,玩具車(chē),造型,設(shè)計(jì),說(shuō)明書(shū),仿單,solidworks,仿真
附 錄 B
1. 漢語(yǔ)翻譯
專(zhuān)業(yè)車(chē)輛的特點(diǎn)
隨著汽車(chē)工業(yè)和市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展，社會(huì)對(duì)汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)男屎徒?jīng)濟(jì)性以及各種功能的要求也越來(lái)越高，從而使汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸工具向?qū)I(yè)化發(fā)展成為必然規(guī)律。從某種意義上說(shuō)，汽車(chē)基本型僅能滿(mǎn)足“量”的要求，完成一般的汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸，只有專(zhuān)業(yè)車(chē)輛才能更有效地發(fā)揮汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)效益和專(zhuān)用功能，從而滿(mǎn)足“質(zhì)”的要求。
汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛能保持運(yùn)輸貨物的物理狀態(tài)和質(zhì)量，采用普通型運(yùn)輸，是有些貨物在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中可能會(huì)發(fā)生腐爛變質(zhì)，在長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中，如肉類(lèi)、蛋類(lèi)若沒(méi)有冷凍保鮮專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)備，尤其是在炎熱的夏天肯定會(huì)變質(zhì)。如活魚(yú)苗若沒(méi)有防震、保濕、充氧氣等專(zhuān)用功能，在長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中會(huì)死亡。有些貨物在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中容易流式損壞，如水泥、玻璃、谷物、蔬菜等。據(jù)我國(guó)經(jīng)委運(yùn)輸研究報(bào)告，一些地區(qū)的水果、肉、魚(yú)、鮮蛋不能及時(shí)外運(yùn)，造成腐爛變質(zhì)，年虧損達(dá)10億元之多，而另一些地區(qū)卻嚴(yán)重脫銷(xiāo)。
汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛能提高運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)率，降低運(yùn)輸成本，減少勞動(dòng)消耗、縮短裝卸時(shí)間、實(shí)現(xiàn)最佳經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。例如自卸汽車(chē)減少了裝卸勞動(dòng)力，液罐運(yùn)輸車(chē)自行裝卸油液，灑水車(chē)具有自動(dòng)加水、噴灑道路沖洗水溝的功能，混凝土攪拌車(chē)具有拌攪水泥石沙和將混凝土運(yùn)輸?shù)浇ㄖさ氐墓δ?。普通型汽?chē)是不可能完成這些功能的。
汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛具有專(zhuān)門(mén)的防護(hù)設(shè)備對(duì)于一些易燃、易爆、易腐蝕、有毒等化學(xué)物質(zhì)必須使用專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛來(lái)運(yùn)輸，普通型汽車(chē)是難以勝任這些物質(zhì)的運(yùn)輸工作。
除公路運(yùn)輸外，對(duì)石油勘探、市政工程、環(huán)保衛(wèi)生、消防、機(jī)場(chǎng)、醫(yī)療、建筑等野需要專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸。由于專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛具有一些普通型汽車(chē)不能比擬的功能，近年來(lái)，世界各國(guó)都大力發(fā)展專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)，致力于專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的研究，以擴(kuò)大汽車(chē)的使用范圍。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料介紹，美國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的產(chǎn)量占汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量的58%，9t～11.8t的中性汽車(chē)的保有量中，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)占2/3以上。日本專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的保有量占中型貨車(chē)的50%以上。德國(guó)對(duì)專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的需求量越來(lái)越大，不僅生產(chǎn)有工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)、食品、市政等專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛，還生產(chǎn)有住宅式汽車(chē)、野外生活豪華型專(zhuān)用客車(chē)。目前，專(zhuān)用車(chē)占整個(gè)貨車(chē)保有量的70%以上。
綜上所述，專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛是汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，與普通汽車(chē)相比具有能充分發(fā)揮汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸效率，降低運(yùn)輸成本、縮短裝卸貨物時(shí)間、減少勞動(dòng)消耗和貨物損失，特別是能保持貨物的質(zhì)量和使用價(jià)值，有利于各種類(lèi)貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)點(diǎn)。
我國(guó)專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛起步較晚，生產(chǎn)始于60年代初期，是在軍用改裝汽車(chē)哦基礎(chǔ)上逐步發(fā)展起來(lái)的。70年代一些生產(chǎn)專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的廠家根據(jù)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的不同需要形成了自己的產(chǎn)品特色，如漢陽(yáng)特種汽車(chē)廠生產(chǎn)半掛車(chē)、武漢專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛廠生產(chǎn)粉罐式汽車(chē)、鎮(zhèn)江冷藏汽車(chē)廠生產(chǎn)冷藏保溫車(chē)、蘭州專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)廠生產(chǎn)廂式汽車(chē)、青島專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)廠生產(chǎn)自卸汽車(chē)等等。80年代，專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛獲得迅速發(fā)展，年生產(chǎn)能力達(dá)10多萬(wàn)輛。特別國(guó)內(nèi)各大汽車(chē)集團(tuán)公司，如第一汽車(chē)集團(tuán)公司、東風(fēng)汽車(chē)公司、重汽車(chē)集團(tuán)公司等都把專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的開(kāi)發(fā)放到了重要地位，為專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的發(fā)展起到了重要作用。從此，專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛已從形成行業(yè)階段向逐步成熟階段邁進(jìn)。目前，專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛已經(jīng)成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中不可缺少的交通運(yùn)輸和工程作業(yè)的重要裝備，專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛覆蓋面越來(lái)越廣泛。近幾年來(lái)一些專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛廠家在立足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上，已開(kāi)始涉足國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，尤其是我國(guó)中位的專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛以其具有的可靠性，性能適中，價(jià)格低在第三世界國(guó)家中具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。綜上所述，我國(guó)專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。據(jù)發(fā)展預(yù)測(cè)，到2000年國(guó)內(nèi)需要的專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛產(chǎn)品基本能生產(chǎn)自給，而且逐步擴(kuò)大專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的出口量。
根據(jù)汽車(chē)發(fā)展的客觀目標(biāo)以及目前專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀，在今后一個(gè)相當(dāng)時(shí)期內(nèi)，開(kāi)發(fā)多品種、高技術(shù)、提高專(zhuān)用性能、擴(kuò)大服務(wù)領(lǐng)域是專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛發(fā)展的總趨勢(shì)。近期內(nèi)我國(guó)專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛發(fā)展重點(diǎn)主要?dú)w納為以下幾方面。
1. 高等級(jí)公路專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛
高等級(jí)公路的發(fā)展給汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸帶來(lái)廣闊的發(fā)展前景。為了有效地發(fā)揮高等級(jí)公路的效益和功能，高等級(jí)公路專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛的發(fā)展主要考慮兩個(gè)方面。一方面是運(yùn)輸?shù)膶?zhuān)用車(chē)輛朝著大型化、專(zhuān)用化方向發(fā)展，如集裝箱運(yùn)輸車(chē)、大型廂式汽車(chē)、大型罐式汽車(chē)、大型冷藏汽車(chē)、轎車(chē)運(yùn)輸車(chē)等。另一方面是高等級(jí)公路服務(wù)用車(chē)輛。為了保障高等級(jí)公路全天暢通無(wú)阻，必須配備相應(yīng)的各種高等級(jí)公路管理專(zhuān)用車(chē)，如巡邏車(chē)、救護(hù)車(chē)、交通監(jiān)理車(chē)、搶險(xiǎn)車(chē)等。為了對(duì)高等級(jí)公路進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)和維修，要進(jìn)行路面清掃、灑水、除草、除雪、修補(bǔ)路面、綠化以及交通工程設(shè)施的維護(hù)和搶修等都需要開(kāi)發(fā)相應(yīng)的專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛。
2．油田用專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛
根據(jù)國(guó)家有關(guān)部門(mén)的要求，油田用運(yùn)載工具的開(kāi)發(fā)列入國(guó)家重大裝備開(kāi)發(fā)研制項(xiàng)目。近期主要為滿(mǎn)足沙漠油田各種作業(yè)用的專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛，如油田固井車(chē)、壓裂車(chē)、修井車(chē)、測(cè)井車(chē)等，將同步開(kāi)發(fā)對(duì)目前已有的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)一步改善提高。
3．機(jī)場(chǎng)專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛
目前，機(jī)場(chǎng)各種用途的專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛主要依賴(lài)進(jìn)口。隨著我國(guó)各主要大、中城市正在興建現(xiàn)代化機(jī)場(chǎng)，急需與相配套的各種機(jī)場(chǎng)專(zhuān)用車(chē)輛，比如大型飛機(jī)加油車(chē)、飛機(jī)牽引車(chē)、電源車(chē)、跑道清掃車(chē)、升降平臺(tái)車(chē)、貨物運(yùn)輸車(chē)、旅客運(yùn)輸車(chē)。
2. 外文原文
The characteristics of professional vehicles
With the auto industry and the development of the market and society on the auto transport efficiency and economy as well as various functional requirements are also getting higher and higher, so that the development of specialized car carriers to become essential law. In a certain sense, can only meet the basic vehicle of "quantity" requirements, the completion of the general motor transport, vehicles can only professional play a more effective vehicle for economic and transport functions, thereby satisfying the "quality" requirements.
Motor transport vehicles for the transport of goods to maintain the physical condition and quality, general-use transport, some of the goods during transport corrupts may occur in the long-distance transportation, such as meat, eggs, if not frozen fresh professional equipment, especially in the hot summer will certainly degenerate. If not live fish such as earthquakes, moisture, oxygen filling, and other special features, will be in the long-distance transportation of death. Some of the goods during transport easy-flow damage, such as cement, glass, cereals, vegetables and so on. According to China's Economic Commission, Transport Study report, in some areas of fruits, meat, fish, eggs or timely Sinotrans, causing rot metamorphism, the loss of as much as 1 billion yuan, and other areas are seriously out of stock.
Motor Transport improve transport vehicles for productivity, and lower transport costs, reduce labor and reduces the turnaround time to achieve best value for money. For example, to reduce the Dump Truck handling labor, their own handling of a tank transporter of oil, with Automatic Sprinkler water, sprinkler irrigation ditch the function of roads, concrete mixers has stirred mixed sand and cement concrete transported to the construction sites will be the function of . Ordinary car it is impossible to accomplish these functions.
Motor Transport specialized vehicles with specialized protective equipment for a number of flammable, explosive, corrosive, toxic chemical substances, such as vehicles to be used for transport, ordinary car it is difficult competence of the transport of these substances. In addition to road transport, oil exploration, municipal engineering, environmental health, fire, airport, medical, construction and other wild need special motor transport. As for vehicles with ordinary cars can not compare to function, in recent years, countries in the world have vigorously develop specialized vehicles, special vehicles to the research, to expand the use of the car. According to statistics, the United States dedicated automotive vehicle production accounted for 58%, 9 t ~ 11.8t neutral in the total number of motor vehicles, specialized vehicles account for more than 2 / 3. Japan accounted for vehicles MGV retained more than 50 per cent.
Germany to the growing demand for the vehicles, not only are industrial production,agriculture, forestry, food, municipal, and other special vehicles, and domestic car production, and the wild life of luxury private bus. At present, the Special Purpose Vehiclefor the entire tenure of the vehicle more than 70 percent
To sum up, and special motor transport vehicles are a product of the development, as compared with ordinary cars can give full play to motor transport efficiency and reduce the cost of transportation, loading and unloading of cargoes to shorten the time and reduce the loss of goods and labor consumption, particularly to maintain the quality of the goods and the value, to the carriage of goods of various types of benefits.
My special vehicles late start, production began in the early 1960s, is in the military based on the modified car Oh gradually develop.
1970s some of the production vehicle manufacturers for the different needs of the national economy in accordance with the formation of its own products, such as automobile production plants Hanyang special semi-trailer, Wuhan special vehicles plant powder tank cars, automobile plant in Zhenjiang frozen refrigerated and insulated car, Lanzhou Special Purpose Vehicle production plants Van automobiles, automobile plant in Qingdao for the production dump truck, and so on. In the 1980s, there was a rapid development of specialized vehicles, the annual production capacity of over 10 million units. Special major domestic car company, such as the First Automobile Group, Dongfeng Motor Corporation, theFAW Group Corporation, and other heavy vehicles regard for the development has been put on an important position for the development of private vehicles has played an important role. Since then, the formation of special vehicles from the industry to phase gradually into the mature stage. At present, special vehicles have become indispensable to the national economy transport and works of important equipment, special vehicles more extensive coverage. In recent years a number of special vehicles manufacturers based on the domestic market on the basis of already begun to set foot in the international market, especially in China-dedicated vehicles with its reliability, performance, moderate, low price in the third world countries is competitive. To sum up, China's special vehicles have broad prospects for future development. According to forecast, in 2000, the need for vehicles capable of producing basic subsistence products, and gradually expand the volume of exports for vehicles.
According to automobile and the development of objective criteria for the current production status of vehicles in the future a considerable period of time, the development of more varieties, high-tech, special improve performance, and expand service areas for vehicles is the general trend of development. China's development of vehicles for the near future are summarized in the following key areas.
1. Dedicated highway vehicles
Highway to the development of motor transport brought broad prospects for development. In order to effectively play the highway efficiency and performance, high-grade highways vehicles for the development of two major considerations. On the one hand, the transport of special vehicles in the large, dedicated the direction of development, such as vehicles, containers, large vans cars, large tank vehicles, large refrigerated vehicles, such as car transporters. On the other hand highway service vehicles. In order to protect the day uninterrupted highway, must be equipped with the corresponding variety of management for highway vehicles such as cars, ambulances, traffic Commissioner cars, and rescue vehicles. In order to carry out the conservation and highway maintenance, it is necessary to carry out road cleaning, watering, weeding, snow, road repair, green and traffic engineering facilities maintenance and repair, and so needs to develop the corresponding specialized vehicles.
2. Oilfield with special vehicles
According to the requirements of relevant departments, the development of the means of delivery of oil to major equipment included in the national development research project. To meet the recent major Xinjiang desert oilfield operations by the various special vehicles, such as cars oilfield cementing, fracturing cars, workover rig trucks, logging trucks, will be the simultaneous development of the current product has been further improved improve.
3. vehicles for airport
Currently, the airport uses for the vehicles mainly rely on imports. As China's major big cities in the construction of modern airports, and the urgent need of accessories of all kinds of vehicles for the airport, such as large aircraft refueling vehicles, aircraft towing, power cars, trucks sweeping the runway, take-off and landing platform cars, goods vehicles, passenger vehicles, etc.
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