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輕型載重貨車設(shè)計(轉(zhuǎn)向系及前橋設(shè)計)
摘 要
在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計中，是關(guān)于輕型載貨汽車的前橋及轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。本著力爭性能可靠，價優(yōu)，易造的設(shè)計構(gòu)想，同時也主要參照拖廠的同類車型，努力去改造，去創(chuàng)新。
轉(zhuǎn)向從動橋是通過懸架和車相連，兩側(cè)安裝著從動車輪，用以傳遞車架與車輪之間的各種力和力矩。汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向系是利用轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)使車輪可以偏轉(zhuǎn)一定角度以實現(xiàn)汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向。汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向系是用來改變或恢復(fù)汽車行駛方向的專設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)，在行駛中起到重要作用。主要可分為機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系，動力轉(zhuǎn)向系和電動轉(zhuǎn)向系。其中電動轉(zhuǎn)向系是未來汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系的發(fā)展方向。
綜合各種因素，本次設(shè)計采用采用轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機(jī)構(gòu)布置在前軸之后的整體式車橋和采用了正效率很高，操縱方便且使用壽命長的機(jī)械式循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器。本次設(shè)計包括對轉(zhuǎn)向從動橋結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇，主要是計算前軸、轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)、主銷、主銷上下軸承、轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)推力軸承或止推墊片等在制動和側(cè)滑兩種工況下的應(yīng)力校核。還包括轉(zhuǎn)向器的結(jié)構(gòu)選擇及其設(shè)計計算并對轉(zhuǎn)向梯形進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。設(shè)計中水平有限，但希望能設(shè)計出一輛經(jīng)濟(jì)實用的輕型載貨汽車。
關(guān)鍵詞：運輸車，前橋，主銷，轉(zhuǎn)向軸
I
THE DESIGNS OF THE STEERING SYSTEM AND
FRONT AXLE IN OWN UNLOAD AGRICULTURE
TRUCK TO TRANSPORT OF KD1080
ABSTRACT
In this graduated designs, my assignment is the light truck’s front axle and steering system. I shall try my best to design my assignment,I want the light truck’s capacity is secure and the price is low. It is also easy to make,at the same time,I refer to the light truck which made in YT factory.I want to improve and innovate it.
Steering front axle connects the frame by suspension.Driven wheel are installed at the sides of the fore axle,which transmits kinds of forces and torques into the wheels. The steering knuckle link to the front axle causes the front wheels to turn to the right or left .The steering system enables the driver to guide the automobile or wheeled tractor down the road and turn ringht or left.It is very important for the truck.there are mannnual steering,power steering and electric power steering.The electric power steering system will be the direction in the future.
In view of all the factors,I adopt the ladder-shaped organization assigns after the front axle and very efficient that can be handled easily and had long performance life steering box of the circulation ball type. The design includes selection of the structure of the fore axle but most calculate the streys inspection under the break and the second slide of front axle ,steering knuckle inserts, king pin and ball bearing, thrust bearing and stop last spacer. Still include choosing and designing aslo calculating and carrying on optimization design ladder-shapedly of steering. The level is limited in the design, but I hope to design a economical and practical agricultural light truck.
KEY WORDS: transporter, the front axle, king pin, steering shaft
III
主要符號表
量的名稱
量的符號
單位
汽車前軸靜載荷
N
汽車質(zhì)心高度
mm
轉(zhuǎn)向阻力矩
Mr
N.mm
接觸應(yīng)力
σ
MPa
前輪承受的制動力
N
前輪承受的垂直力
N
垂向彎矩
N.mm
水平彎矩
N.mm
車輪所受的重力
N
前輪輪距
B
mm
兩鋼板彈簧座中心距
S
mm
轉(zhuǎn)矩
T
N.mm
輪胎的滾動半徑
mm
地面垂向反力
Z
N
地面?zhèn)认蚍戳?
Y
N
力偶矩
Q
N.mm
軸承的軸向載荷
N
軸承靜承載容量
KN
軸承當(dāng)量靜載荷
KN
轉(zhuǎn)向軸輸入功率
Kw
轉(zhuǎn)向器中的摩擦功率
Kw
效率
導(dǎo)程角
rad
附著系數(shù)