除冰機器人機構、控制設計
除冰機器人機構、控制設計,除冰,機器人,機構,控制,設計
本科畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯
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外文資料翻譯譯文
現(xiàn)代工業(yè)機械手
機器人是典型的機電一體化裝置，它綜合運用了機械與精密機械、微電子與計算機、自動控制與驅動、傳感器與信息處理以及人工智能等多學科的最新研究成果，隨著經濟技術的發(fā)展和各行各業(yè)對自動化程度要求的提高，機器人技術得到了迅速發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了各種各樣的機器人產品?，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)機器人是人類真正的奇跡工程。一個像人那么大的機器人可以輕松地抬起超過一百磅并可以在誤差0.006英寸內重復運動。更重要的是這些機器人可以每天24小時不停止地工作。在許多應用中他們是通過編程控制的，但是他們一旦編程一次，他們可以重復地做同一個工作許多年。機器人產品的實用化，既解決了許多單靠人力難以解決的實際問題，又促進了工業(yè)自動化的進程。
目前，由于機器人的研制和開發(fā)涉及多方面的技術，系統(tǒng)結構復雜，開發(fā)和研制的成本普遍較高，在某種程度上限制了該項技術的廣泛應用，因此，研制經濟型、實用化、高可靠性機器人系統(tǒng)具有廣泛的社會現(xiàn)實意義和經濟價值。由于我國經濟建設和城市化的快速發(fā)展，城市污染排水放量增長很快，污水處理已經擺在了人們的議事日程上來。隨著科學技術的發(fā)展和人類知識水平的提高，人們越來越認識到污水處理的重要性和迫切性，科學家和研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料制品在水中時用于污水處理的很有效地污泥菌群的附著體。塑料制品的大量需求，使得塑料制品生產的自動化和高效率要求成為經濟發(fā)展的必然。本文結合塑料一次擠出成型機和塑料抓取機械手的研制過程中出現(xiàn)的問題，綜述近幾年機器人技術研究和發(fā)展的狀況，在從分發(fā)揮機、電、軟、硬件各自特點和優(yōu)勢互補的基礎上，對物料抓取機械手整體機械結構、傳動系統(tǒng)、驅動裝置和控制系統(tǒng)進行了分析和設計，提出了一套經濟型設計方案。采用直角坐標和關節(jié)坐標相結合的框架式機械結構形式，這種方式能夠提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和操作靈活性。傳動裝置的作用是將驅動元件的動力傳遞給機器人機械手相應的執(zhí)行機構，以實現(xiàn)各種必要的運動，傳動方式上采用結構緊湊、傳動比答得蝸輪蝸桿傳動和將旋轉運動轉換為直線運動的螺旋傳動。機械手驅動系統(tǒng)的設計往往受到作業(yè)環(huán)境條件的限制，同時也要考慮價格因素的影響以及能夠達到的技術水平。由于步進電機能都直接接收數(shù)字量，響應速度快而且工作可靠并無累計誤差，常用作數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)驅動機構的動力元件，因此，在驅動裝置中采用由步進電機構成的環(huán)控制方式，這種方式技能滿足控制精度的要求，又能達到經濟型、實用化目的。
目前的工業(yè)機械臂控制將每一個機械臂的聯(lián)合看做一個簡單的聯(lián)合伺服。伺服方法不能從分地模仿不同的動力學機械手，因為它忽略了機械手整體的運動和配置。這些控制系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)的變化有時是足夠重要，以至于使常規(guī)的反饋控制方法失效。其結果是減少了伺服相應的速度和阻尼，限制了京都和最終效應的速度，使系統(tǒng)僅適用于有限精度的工作。機械手以這種方式控制速度降低而沒有不必要的震動。任何在這一領域和其它領域的機械臂性能增益要求更有效率的動態(tài)模型、精密的控制方法、專門的計算機架構和并行處理技術。
在工業(yè)生產和其它領域內，由于工作的需要，人們經常受到高溫、腐蝕及有毒氣體等因素的危害，增加了工人的勞動強度，甚至于危及生命。自從機械手問世以來，相應的各種難題迎刃而解。機械手可在空間抓、放、搬運物體，動作靈活多樣，適用于可變換生產品種的中、小批量自動化生產，廣泛應用于柔性自動線。機械手一般由耐高溫，抗腐蝕的材料制成，以適應現(xiàn)場惡劣環(huán)境，大大降低了工人的勞動強度，提高了工作效率。機械手是工業(yè)機器人的重要組成部分，在很多情況下它就可以稱為工業(yè)機器人。工業(yè)機器人集機械、電子、控制、計算機、傳感器、人工智能等多學科先進技術于一體化的現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)重要的自動化裝備。廣泛采用工業(yè)機器人，不僅可以提高產品的質量與產量，而且對保障人身安全，改善勞動環(huán)境，減輕勞動強度，提高勞動生產率，節(jié)約原材料消耗以及降低生產成本，有著十分重要的意義。
外文原文
ABOUT MODERN INDUSTRIAL MANIPULATOR
Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. Modern industrial robots are true marvels of engineering. A robot the size of a person can easily carry a load over one hundred pounds and move it very quickly with a repeatability of 0.006inches. Furthermore these robots can do that 24hours a day for years on end with no failures whatsoever. Though they are reprogrammable, in many applications they are programmed once and then repeat that exact same task for years.
At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development. With he rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly; with the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding. With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration, electronic, software and hardware. In this article, the mechanical configuration combines the character of direction coordinate which can improve the stability and operation flexibility of the system. The main function of the transmission mechanism is to transmit power to implement department and complete the necessary movement. In this transmission structure, the screw transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion into linear motion. Worm gear can give vary transmission ratio. Both of the transmission mechanisms have a characteristic of compact structure. The design of drive system often is limited by the environment condition and the factor of cost and technical lever. The step motor can receive digital signal directly and has the ability to response outer environment immediately and has no accumulation error, which often is used in driving system. In this driving system, open-loop control system is composed of stepping motor, which can satisfy the demand not only for control precision but also for the target of economic and practicality. On this basis, the analysis of stepping motor in power calculating and style selecting is also given. The analysis of kinematics and dynamics for object holding manipulator is given in completing the design of mechanical structure and drive system.
Current industrial approaches to robot arm control treat each joint of the robot arm as a simple joint servomechanism. The servomechanism approach models the varying dynamics of a manipulator inadequately because it neglects the motion and configuration of the whole arm mechanism. These changes in the parameters of the controlled system sometimes are significant enough to render conventional feedback control strategies ineffective. The result is reduced servo response speed and damping, limiting the precision and speed of the end-effecter and making it appropriate only for limited-precision tasks. Manipulators controlled in this manner move at slow speeds with unnecessary vibrations. Any significant performance gain in this and other areas of robot arm control require the consideration of more efficient dynamic models, sophisticated control approaches, and the use of dedicated computer architectures and parallel processing techniques.
In the industrial production and other fields, people often endangered by such factors as high temperature, corrode, poisonous gas and so forth at work, which have increased labor intensity and even jeopardized the life sometimes. The corresponding problems are solved since the robot arm comes out. The arms can catch, put and carry objects, and its movements are flexible and diversified. It applies to medium and small-scale automated production in which production varieties can be switched. And it is widely used on soft automatic line. The robot arms are generally made by withstand high temperatures, resist corrosion of materials to adapt to the harsh environment. So they reduced the labor intensity of the workers significantly and raised work efficiency. The robot arm is an important component of industrial robot, and it can be called industrial robots on many occasions. Industrial robot is set machinery, electronics, control, computers, sensors, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies in the integration of multidisciplinary important modern manufacturing equipment. Widely using industrial robots, not only can improve product quality and production, but also is of great significance for physical security protection, improvement of the environment for labor, reducing labor intensity, improvement of labor productivity, raw material consumption savings and lowering production costs.
There are such mechanical components as ball footbridge, slides, air control mechanical hand and so on in the design. A programmable controller, a programming device, stepping motors, stepping motors drives, direct current motors, sensors, switch power supply, an electromagnetism valve and control desk are used in electrical connection.
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