轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)技術(shù)研究【含11張cad圖紙+文檔全套資料】
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轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)技術(shù)研究
摘要：數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架作為衡量一臺(tái)車床好壞的核心功能部件之一,其性能的優(yōu)劣,直接影響著車床的加工精度和加工效率。但是,由于現(xiàn)有普遍使用的伺服電機(jī)低速扭矩特性不好,所以在使用時(shí)必須使用減速齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)來滿足轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架在低速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的大扭矩。而直接傳動(dòng)裝置是由電機(jī)不通過中間齒輪而直接驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載,減少了中間的動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)。直驅(qū)電機(jī)相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的伺服電機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：能在低速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)輸出很大扭矩,從而可以不通過減速齒輪而直接驅(qū)動(dòng)低速生產(chǎn)設(shè)備,有很高的社會(huì)實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。為了簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架結(jié)構(gòu)、大幅度地提高其綜合性能,本論文將這種技術(shù)應(yīng)用于數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架上。本論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:
第一、了解數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,研究國(guó)內(nèi)外各種刀架的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),分析直驅(qū)伺服電機(jī)和其他伺服電機(jī)相比的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及其驅(qū)動(dòng)刀架的可行性。
第二、根據(jù)直驅(qū)伺服電機(jī)自身的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)一種直驅(qū)數(shù)控臥式轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架。并對(duì)其進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),包括轉(zhuǎn)位機(jī)構(gòu)、定位機(jī)構(gòu)、密封裝置、控制裝置等。
第三、對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的松開與鎖緊機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),主要是對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的液壓缸缸體進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),計(jì)算液壓缸的相關(guān)參數(shù)。
第四、對(duì)數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架進(jìn)行二維建模,首先用二維軟件Autocad對(duì)其進(jìn)行各個(gè)關(guān)鍵件的繪制，然后按照裝配關(guān)系把轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架裝配起來，經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證合格后，可用作零件圖交付工廠實(shí)施加工。
關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控；轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架；伺服電機(jī)；永磁同步交流伺服電機(jī)
III
design of Turret tool post and study of related technologies
Abstract：CNC turret pagoda as one of the core features of a lathe to measure the quality of its performance directly affects the machining precision and efficiency of the lathe. With the development of technology and servo motors, servo motors gradually replaced the traditional coarse positioning CNC turret on signal transmission and other devices, greatly simplifies the turret structure, greatly improving the reliability of the knife holder, and significantly reducing tool change time and improve the overall performance of the tool holder. However, since the conventional servo motors commonly used in low-speed torque characteristics well, so when using the reduction gear mechanism must be used to meet the high torque at low speed turret rotation generated. Drive the motor unit directly is not directly driven by the intermediate gear and load, reducing the intermediate power transmission link. Direct drive motor with respect to the advantages of traditional servo motor is: can output a large torque at low speed, there by directly driving low-speed production equipment without going through reduction gear, has a high social value of practical application. In order to simplify the structure of CNC turret, greatly improve their overall performance, this paper will apply the technology on CNC turret. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, study the situation of the CNC turret tool post, study the structure of some CNC turret tool post at home and abroad, analyze the characteristics、applications、advantages and disadvantages of various structure, analyze the characteristics of direct-drive servomotor and the feasibility to drive the turret.
Secondly, learn from the structure of CNC turret tool post at home and abroad, according to the direct-drive servomotor's own structure and characteristics, design a horizontal CNC turret tool post, including detent mechanism, control devices, sealing device etc..
Thirdly, the turret and release the locking mechanism designed mainly for turret cylinder block design, calculation of cylinder parameters.
Fourth, CNC turret two-dimensional modeling, the first two-dimensional drawing software Autocad its various key member, and then follow the relationship between the turret assembly is assembled, after verification of qualified, can be used Spare delivery factory implementation process.
Keywords: brick turret；servo motor；permanent magnet synchronous AC servo motor
目 錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
1 緒論 1
1.1 課題研究背景 1
1.2 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.2 國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和意義 3
1.3.1 主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容 3
1.3.2 研究意義 3
2 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的研究方案 4
2.1 刀架的基本分類 4
2.2 刀架設(shè)計(jì)基本要求 4
2.3 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的方案研究 5
2.3.1 動(dòng)力裝置的選擇 4
2.3.2 主軸部件 6
2.3.3 裝刀機(jī)構(gòu) 6
2.3.4 分度、定位機(jī)構(gòu) 7
2.3.5 精定位機(jī)構(gòu) 8
2.3.6 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的密封 9
2.3.7 動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) 10
2.4 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的整體設(shè)計(jì) 10
3 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的鎖緊與松開技術(shù) 12
3.1 液壓的鎖緊與松開的基本控制原理 12
3.2 液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì) 13
3.2.1 活塞缸的類型 13
3.2.2 缸筒的計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.3 活塞的計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.4 密封裝置的設(shè)計(jì) 15
4 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的二維模型的建立 17
4.1 AUTOCAD簡(jiǎn)介 17
4.2 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架二維模型的建立 17
總結(jié) 20
參考文獻(xiàn) 19
致謝 21
7
1 緒論
1.1 課題研究背景
數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架是加工中心、數(shù)控車床必備的機(jī)床附件，是數(shù)控車床上的核心功能部件之一，尤其適用全功能數(shù)控車床。作為關(guān)鍵附件，高性能的數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架對(duì)于提高機(jī)床整體運(yùn)行的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性和效率有著重要意義，數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架是由數(shù)控系統(tǒng)來控制的，因此，在轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架本身性能提高的情況下，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)控制任務(wù)就顯得十分重要了［1］。
1.2 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀
目前國(guó)內(nèi)主要刀架產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)廠家有:煙臺(tái)環(huán)球、常州宏達(dá)、常州亞興、臺(tái)灣六鑫、臺(tái)灣德士、臺(tái)灣亙陽、沈陽精誠(chéng)等。經(jīng)過近幾年的發(fā)展,國(guó)內(nèi)及時(shí)跟蹤國(guó)外先進(jìn)技術(shù),不斷開發(fā)推出新產(chǎn)品,刀架技術(shù)得到了很大提高。
煙臺(tái)環(huán)球公司研制的AK系列刀架采用伺服電機(jī)進(jìn)行分度,液壓控制松開,以端齒輪(三聯(lián)齒輪)進(jìn)行精密定位,可實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向轉(zhuǎn)位和任意刀位就近選刀,最快轉(zhuǎn)位時(shí)間,中心高有、和,刀孔的定位精度達(dá),重復(fù)定位精度達(dá),轉(zhuǎn)位的分度時(shí)間達(dá)到
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