2017-2018學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ) Unit 2 Poems Section Ⅲ Grammar- 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（2）教學(xué)案 新人教版選修6

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1、 Unit 2 Poems Section Ⅲ Grammar- 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（2） 語(yǔ)法圖解 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) ①I(mǎi)f you had come earlier, youwould not have missed the exciting scene in the movie. ②If you had toldme the news yesterday, I wouldn't be so worried now. ③Had I leftsooner, I would havebeen there on time. ④But for your advice, Iwould hav

2、e failed. ⑤He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter. ⑥It's high time that we began the work. ⑦It's necessary that we (should) learn English well. ⑧If only Ihad not beenbusy last week. [我的發(fā)現(xiàn)] (1)在表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”形式表示，而主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用“would/should/might/could＋have＋過(guò)去

3、分詞”表示。(如例句①) (2)當(dāng)條件句的謂語(yǔ)中有had, were或should時(shí)，可將if省略，同時(shí)將had, were或should提到從句主語(yǔ)的前面，形成倒裝。(如例句③) (3)當(dāng)主從句所指的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)分別根據(jù)自己的具體情況采用適當(dāng)?shù)男问健?如例句②) (4)有時(shí)某些介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或上下文可以表示虛擬條件，這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣叫含蓄條件句。(如例句④) (5)as if引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不是事實(shí)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(如例句⑤) (6)虛擬語(yǔ)氣還用于某些特殊句式(結(jié)構(gòu))中。(如例句⑥、⑦和⑧) 一、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條

4、件句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為had＋過(guò)去分詞；主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為would/should/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞。 If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gonefor a picnic. 如果昨天天氣好的話(huà)，我們就去野餐了。 If you had come earlier, you could have caught the bus. 假如你早來(lái)一點(diǎn)的話(huà)，你就有可能趕上公共汽車(chē)了。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　(1)在與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，可以將條件句中的if省略，把助動(dòng)詞had提前。 If I had

5、worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. →Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我當(dāng)時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí)的話(huà)，我肯定會(huì)成功。 (2)句型“Had it not been for ...”意為“當(dāng)時(shí)要不是……”。 Had it not been for your timely help, we would have been lost in the forest. 當(dāng)時(shí)要不是您及時(shí)的幫助，我們就可能在森林中迷失了方向。 [即時(shí)演練1]　 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 ①(2015·北京高考改

6、編)If I hadn't_seen_it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it. 如果不是我親眼看到，我是不會(huì)相信的。 ②(2013·重慶高考改編)—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would_have_got_wet all over if we hadn't. ——今天早上下了滂沱大雨。很高興我們帶了傘。 ——是的。要是我們沒(méi)帶的話(huà)就全身濕透了。 (2)把下面的句子改為倒裝句 ①(2015·江蘇高

7、考改編)It might have saved me some trouble if I had known the schedule. →It_might_have_saved_me_some_trouble_had_I_known_the_schedule. ②If he had caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. →Had_he_caught_the_morning_train,_he_would_not_have_been_late_for_the_meeting. 二、

8、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊用法 1．含蓄條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 有時(shí)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中假設(shè)的情況并不是以條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、連詞、分詞短語(yǔ)或其他方式表示。常用的表達(dá)有：without, but for, otherwise, or及but等。 —But for your timely warning, we would have got into great trouble. —Well, you know we're friends. ——要不是你及時(shí)警告，我們也許已經(jīng)陷入大的麻煩中了。 ——好了，你知道我們是朋友啊。 —Did you go to the lectur

9、e by the visiting professor? —No. I would have attended it, but I've been busy taking care of my grandma in hospital these days. ——你去聽(tīng)那個(gè)客座教授的講座了嗎？ ——沒(méi)有。我本來(lái)要去聽(tīng)的，但這幾天我一直忙著在醫(yī)院照看我奶奶。 2．錯(cuò)綜條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在錯(cuò)綜條件句中，if從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間而定。 If ithad rained last night, it would be

10、very cold today. 如果昨天夜里下了雨，今天會(huì)很冷。(從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)) If Iwereyou, I would have chosen to take the job. 如果我是你，我當(dāng)時(shí)就選擇接受那份工作。(從句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)) [即時(shí)演練2]　補(bǔ)全句子 ①(2015·重慶高考改編)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't_have _written_his_famous_novelAFarewelltoArms. 如果海明威沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)經(jīng)歷的話(huà)，他就不會(huì)寫(xiě)出著

11、名的小說(shuō)《永別了，武器》。 ②(2014·江西高考改編)Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't_have_found it otherwise. 謝謝你告訴我們?cè)趺吹竭_(dá)那所房子，要不然，我們會(huì)找不到的。 ③(2014·浙江高考改編)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would_have_come_to our help. 在我們進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的這幾個(gè)月里他們?cè)趪?guó)外，要不然，他們就會(huì)來(lái)

12、幫助我們的。 ④(2013·北京高考改編)If we had_booked_a_table_earlier,_we wouldn't be standing here in a queue. 如果我們?cè)缧╊A(yù)訂餐桌，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)站在這里排隊(duì)了。 三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法 1．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法 在It is demanded/necessary/a pity ...＋that ...等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)do”，其中should可省略。 It is 可用的三類(lèi)詞 that (should)＋do suggested, ordered, requ

13、ired, demanded, requested, proposed, desired等 important, necessary, natural, strange等 a pity, a shame等 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建議推遲這個(gè)會(huì)議。 It is necessary that the problem (should) be discussed at once. 立刻討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題很有必要。 2．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法 在suggestion, proposal,

14、 order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有內(nèi)涵的名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中，要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“(should＋)do”，其中should 可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him at once. 我的建議是我們應(yīng)該立刻去幫助他。 It is our idea that she (should) goto America for further education. 我們的看法是她應(yīng)該去美國(guó)進(jìn)修。 3．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法 (1)在as if/th

15、ough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在相反；用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去相反等。 as if/as though 時(shí)間 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬形式 與過(guò)去相反 had＋過(guò)去分詞 與現(xiàn)在相反 一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were) 與將來(lái)相反 would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形 Hewalked as if he were drunk. 他走起路來(lái)像是喝醉了。 He talksas if he had been to many places in the world. 他談起話(huà)來(lái)好像他去過(guò)世界上的很多地方似的。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　as if/though也可以引導(dǎo)

16、表語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)情況也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 He looked as if hewerea foreigner. 他看上去好像一個(gè)外國(guó)人。 (2)在in order that, so that引起的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用may/might/can/could＋動(dòng)詞原形。 Let's hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them. 我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)交練習(xí)好讓老師有時(shí)間改。 The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students co

17、uld/might hear clearly. 老師講得很慢，好讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)清楚。 4．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他一些句型中的用法 (1)It's (high) time that ...從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用過(guò)去式，也可使用should＋do；表示“早該……了”，其中should不可以省略。 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 (2)if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，意為“要是……就好了”。 i

18、f only中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式： 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去時(shí) 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 would/could do If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary. 如果他們現(xiàn)在在這里，我們就能慶祝他們的結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日了。 If only she had taken his advice last night. 要是她昨晚接受他的建議就好了。 If only he could go with us tomorrow. 要是他明天能和我們一起

19、走該多好啊。 (3)其他一些表示祝愿的句型。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ Long live the People's Republic of China! 中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！ [即時(shí)演練3]　補(bǔ)全句子 ①I(mǎi)t is desired that we (should)_get_everything_ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚準(zhǔn)備好。 ②My suggestion is that we (should)_send_a_few_people to help the other groups. 我的建議是我們派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的小組。 ③

20、(2014·重慶高考改編)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_done it? 打破玻璃的是約翰，為什么你和我說(shuō)話(huà)，好像是我打破的似的？ ④It's time we got_up/should_get_up. 我們?cè)缭撈鸫擦恕? ⑤If only I had_not_made_that_mistake. 要是我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有犯那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤就好了。 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．If he had_worked (work) hard last year, he would get a g

21、reat success now. 2．But for the rain, we would_have_finished (finish) the work already. 3．It is suggested that the English Evening (should)_be_held (hold) on Saturday. 4．He behaved as though nothing had_happened (happen)． 5．It is time that he should_make/made (make) a decision. 6．If only I had

22、 (have) a bigger house! 7．If we had_made (make) adequate preparations, the conference would have been successful. 8．Their advice is that a new factory (should)_be_built (build) in their hometown. 9．Had (have) you followed the teacher's advice, you wouldn't be in hospital now. 10．(陜西高考改編)If my ca

23、r had_been (be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作 1．If_you_had_informed_me_earlier/Had_you_informed_me_earlier,_I wouldn't have signed the contract. 要是當(dāng)初你早點(diǎn)通知我，我就不會(huì)簽?zāi)莻€(gè)合同了。 2．Had you repaired the house yesterday, it_wouldn't_be_wet now. 要是你昨天修了房子的話(huà)

24、，房子現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)濕了。 3．①I(mǎi) was too busy at that time; otherwise I_would_have_called_you. ②If I_had_not_been_too_busy_at_that_time,_I would have called you. 如果我當(dāng)時(shí)不是太忙，我就給你打電話(huà)了。 4．I cut off the electricity in time. Otherwise there would_have_been_a_danger. 我及時(shí)關(guān)掉了電源，要不然就會(huì)出危險(xiǎn)了。 5．It's time that we took/shou

25、ld_take_measures to stop pollution. 我們?cè)缭摬扇〈胧﹣?lái)制止污染了。 6．If only I had_apologized_to_her. 要是我當(dāng)時(shí)向她道歉就好了。 7．They talked as if they had_been_friends for years. 他們談話(huà)的樣子好像就是多年的老朋友似的。 8．It is important that this task (should)_not_fail. 重要的是這項(xiàng)任務(wù)不能失敗。 Ⅲ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 Dear brother， I'm now writing to yo

26、u for your advice. How I wish you 1.were (be) here with me! Yesterday afternoon, I went to a bookstore with one of my friends. After we went out, he showed me the book he had stolen. Considering he was wrong, I suggested he 2.(should)_go (go) back to return it or pay for it. But he didn't listen to

27、 me, otherwise I 3.wouldn't_have_reported (not report) it to his mother. Now I'm really regretful. I would rather I 4.hadn't_let (not let) his mother know it. After all, he is my friend, without whose help, I 5.wouldn't_have_made (not make) so rapid progress in study. But it is now obvious that he has begun to hate me. It seems as if we 6.hadn't_been (not be) friends before. Can you advise what I 7.(should)_do (do) now? 8．Were (be) you in my position, what 9.would (will) you do? I hope you 10.can (can) give me some advice as soon as possible. Yours， Peter 7