2020年高考英語 專題八 七選五說明類專練（含解析）

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1、專題八 七選五說明類專練 （90分鐘 100分） 考點01：冠詞 3顆星 考點03：介詞和介詞短語 2顆星 考點04: 名詞 3顆星 考點06：形容詞和副詞 5顆星 考點08：非謂語動詞 5顆星 考點09：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 5顆星 考點10：定語從句 3顆星 考點12 并列連詞 4顆星 考點13 狀語從句 3顆星 考點24：七選五說明文專練 5顆星 第I卷（選擇題）（每題2分，共40分） 一．七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 A（考點24中難） The USA is a

2、 society formed by many different immigrant cultures that produced a new and mixed culture. Most Americans celebrate different customs which started in other countries and start several new traditions and cultures.①__________ ?②__________?They tend to live independently, and communicate directly, h

3、onestly and informally with their families, friends and colleagues. Americans always keep advancing with the times.?③__________??In America, it is relatively common for both parents to work, and American women are equal partners in marriage. In the USA, the most common family unit consists of the

4、parents and children living under one roof. Most American children are taught to compete, through organized sports and education, as well as speak out their minds and have confidence to stand up for what they believe in.④__________?Many immigrant families also feature several generations living unde

5、r one roof, with younger family members respecting the elders’ needs and valuing their opinions. When people from different cultures get married and have children, they may have issues when it comes to maintaining their unique traditions and mixing shared customs at the same time.?⑤__________?Howev

6、er, with a little effort, children in these families can benefit from having both outlooks and traditions. Children who are raised bilingually can also benefit in future careers and learn to make decisions better than monolingual kids. A.Many Americans find happy life is important. B.They are also

7、 taught to respect their parents at all costs. C.It can be a challenge to find the perfect balance between cultures. D.According to socialists, the American family culture has many unique aspects. E.American children refuse to follow their parents’ advice and always argue with them. F.Changing r

8、ather than sticking to tradition is considered by many Americans as improvement. G.The difference is easy to deal with if parents can meet halfway and stand in the other’s shoes. B（考點24中難） I?still remember my first time going to the Chinese company's canteen. When I stepped onto the elevator, ea

9、ch one was full of people.?①___________ However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone has lunch almost at the same time.?②___________ The canteen followed this schedule

10、, only being open a few hours per day. ??? When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind.?③___________ Unlike my school ?lunchroom, here everyone lined up and took a tray, and instead of silverware there were chopsticks and soup spoons. ??? As I was pushed al

11、ong the line, I saw dishes I didn't recognize and as people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right,?④___________ I ended up taking a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad. ??? I have been at my company for over a year and a half.?⑤___________ I have learned what dishes I like, mostly b

12、y trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello to me. ??? I am still getting used to eating lunch at "lunchtime", but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day.?I wish there were something like this at offices in my hometown. A.?I thought I had missed

13、 a fire drill. B.?There was no emergency; it was just lunchtime. C.?I noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different. D.?I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions. E.?The canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom. F.?And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen. G.?I

14、was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China. C（考點24中難） Earth is home to around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100. Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop leaming a language because parents want children to

15、 fit in.?①__________?Native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages. The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a "critically endangered"? lan

16、guage is one that even grandparents don ' t speak often. New York ' s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An " extinct"? language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example.?②__________ ③__________?In the same way, different languages contri

17、bute to cultural diversity. Saving these languages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world? and? what? it? values. A? language? may? describe? something? in? a way? that? is? funny , too.? In? Welsh , it rains not cats? and dogs , but old wi

18、ves and walking sticks. The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.?④__________ However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, it ' ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did

19、 not teach the?Hawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond. ⑤__________?At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official lan

20、guages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers. A. The last person who spoke it died in 2008. B. Why should we save endangered languages? C. Various animals and plants benefit our environment. D. With just 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered. E. Can a language with ze

21、ro native speakers come back to life? F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language. G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories. D（考點24中難） Long, long ago people couldn't write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories

22、 by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. ①________ The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus (紙莎草）plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians.②_______So parchment (羊皮紙)，made from goatskin， l

23、ater took its place. In ancient China, books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.③________Papermaking later spread to the West, but there

24、 was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand. ④______They carved (雕刻）a page of word's into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn't until a German pr

25、inter invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words. ⑤_______ Once a luxury (奢侈品）only the rich could buy. it soon became a treasure everyone

26、could enjoy, A.But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt. B.It took years to finish making just one book. C.Finally books could be printed by the thousands. D.Things grew a little easier when writing was invented. E.Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too. F.Books in the West didn't change for

27、 a long time after that. G.The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little. 第II卷（非選擇題）（每題1.5分，共60分） 語法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 （1） ???Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone’s life.①__________is very difficult to find a better definition

28、(定義) of friendship. A true friend is the person?②__________考點10 can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. In time of trial(嘗試) , he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort. ???Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very ③__________考點06 (care) wit

29、h our choice of a friend. We should?④__________(choice) those people with a good character as our friends, but we must try to avoid?⑤__________考點08 (make) friends with a bad man. Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much?⑥__________?possible. ???A true friend can alway

30、s ⑦__________考點09 (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she will not tell others. Friends share their joys ⑧__________考點12 unhappiness. They help each other when? they? are ⑨__________考點03 trouble,? and? cheer? each? other? up? when? they? are? sad.?⑩__________考點01 m

31、ost important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion, when you have made a good friend, don’t forget him or her. （2） The British Museum, ①___________考點08 (locate) in the Bloomsbury area of London, is the first national public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture

32、. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works, making it one of the largest in ②___________ 考點04 (exist). It has been ③___________ 考點06 (wide) sourced , documenting the story of human culture ④___________ 考點03 its beginnings to the present. As with all other national museums in ⑤__________

33、_ 考點01 United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. Its ownership of some of its most famous objects ⑥___________ 考點10 originally came from other countries is controversial, particularly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles. Today the museum no longer houses ⑦___________考點04 (collection) of natural

34、 history,and the books and manuscripts(手稿) once it ⑧___________考點09 (hold) now form part of the independent British Library, ⑨___________ 考點12 it still keeps its universality in collections of artificial works ⑩___________考點08 (represent) the cultures of the world, ancient and modern. （3） Last y

35、ear, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ①__________?was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready. After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservati

36、on six months ②__________?考點06 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We③__________考點09 ?(tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ④__________?考點12 for the week after. I didn't understand ⑤__________?this would happen and my credit card had already been

37、charged ⑥__________考點03?the reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was ⑦__________?考點06 (surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ⑧__________考點01 ?top floor. We had never stayed

38、in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ⑨__________?考點13 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little⑩__________?考點08 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. （4）??? The British have many traditions

39、 but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, ①__________考點03/08 more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into ②__________考點01 popular pastime.

40、? ??? This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea ③__________考點06 (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, ④__________考點08 (design) as a light snack to

41、bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s.? It went on to become a ⑤__________考點06 (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes. ??? Now there is a resurgence (復蘇) in its ⑥__________考點04 (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. ⑦__________考點13 i

42、t can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of café. But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place ⑧__________考點08 (enjoy) a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid ⑨__________考點08 (ask) to leave.? ??? W

43、riter Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”. I’m sure once you try it, you ⑩__________考點09(agree). 參考答案 一、七選五 A、答案：D; A; F; B; C B、答案：ABEDF 解析： 本文講述了作者第一次在中企餐廳就餐的感受。 1.

44、?A【解析】根據(jù)下文“然而,并沒有著火的跡象,人們都有說有笑” 可知,設空處的內(nèi)容需說明一下為何提到“有著火的跡象”。A項“我本以為我錯過了消防演習”解釋了為何作者會認為應該出現(xiàn)著火的情況,故選A項。 2.?B【解析】根據(jù)“我突然想起在中國每一個人幾乎都在同一時間吃午飯”和下文“餐廳遵守著這個時間表”可知,B項“根本沒有什么緊急情況,只不過是午飯時間而已”符合語境,故選B項。 3.?E【解析】下文“每個人排著隊,拿著一個托盤,還有筷子和湯匙而不是銀餐具”描述的是買飯時的場景,由此可知,E項“這個餐廳讓我想起我的學校的餐廳”是對作者看到的餐廳場景的總結(jié),且E項中的school lunchro

45、om與下文呼應,故選E項。 4.?D【解析】根據(jù)上文中描述的周圍同事取菜的場景和下文中提到的“我最終選擇了黃瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可知,設空處應該與作者取午餐相關,D項“我覺得我應該快速作決定”是對作者取到午餐前的心理描寫,符合語境,故選D項。 5.?F【解析】根據(jù)設空前的“我在公司已經(jīng)一年半多了”以及設空后的“主要是通過反復摸索以后,我已經(jīng)知道了我喜歡吃什么菜,許多員工也認識我了并且和我打招呼”可知,該段的內(nèi)容是對作者熟悉在中企工作后的描寫,F項“現(xiàn)在我可以很高興地說我在餐廳更加自信了”是對作者熟悉中餐廳后的描寫,故選F項。 C、答案：F; A; C; G; E 解析：

46、1.由第二段內(nèi)容可知,整段都在說明語言消失的原因,所以小題1也是在陳述語言消失的原因。故F選項切題。 2.由.An " extinct"? language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example.可知,已經(jīng)滅絕的語言沒有說種這語言的人了。它永遠消失了。阿拉斯加語言就是一個例子。所以小題2說的是:說這種語言的最后一人死于2008年,這種語言也就永遠消失了。 符合對前文的解釋。故A選項切題。 3.由第三段可知,第三段主要在講述人們受益于不同種的語言。再由in the same w

47、ay可知,小題3在講述各種動植物有益于環(huán)境,以此說明多種語言也有益于人類。故C選項切題。 4.由The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.可知,這個瀕臨滅絕語言聯(lián)盟希望挽救這些即將消失的語言。小題2要說明他們具體的做法。故G選項切題。 5.由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to

48、life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.可知,至少有一種語言做到了。在1881年,一位名叫Eliezer Ben-Yehuda的猶太語言學家使這個有3千年歷史的希伯來語復活。今天,它是以色列的官方語言之一,有400多萬使用者。所以通過回答和舉例說明,我們可以判斷出小題5要問“沒有人說的語言能復活嗎?”。故E選項切題。 D、答案：DAEGC 解析：1. D〔提示：根據(jù)第二段第—句 The ancient

49、Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus plants.(古埃及人把他們的故事寫在用紙莎草這種植物制作的東西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的內(nèi)容并引起第二段的內(nèi)容，所以應該填與“把故事寫下來”相關的內(nèi)容。〕 2. A〔提示:根據(jù)前后文，由于紙莎草做的東西可以記錄故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用這種方式.后文又提到一種羊皮紙后來取代了紙莎草，說明其他地方的人得到紙莎草不容易，才會選擇轉(zhuǎn)代物，A項符合語境?！?3. E〔提示：根據(jù)前一句 Made of trees，paper was easier and che

50、aper to make than papyrus or parchment.(用樹木制造的紙，相比紙莎草和羊皮紙更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，這一段是在講用樹木制作的紙的特點。〕 4. G〔提示:這一空為句首的句子，所以結(jié)合整段內(nèi)容可知，這一段是在講述怎樣讓書的制造過程更加簡易迅速。結(jié)合選項G中的 speed 可以得出答案?！?5. C〔提示:此處為最后一段的首句,結(jié)合全文可知，這一段對于書的發(fā)展史進行了總結(jié)，C項符合語境，現(xiàn)在的書可以成千上萬的復制印刷?！? 二、語法填空 （1）答案：It; who; careful; choose; making; as; be truste

51、d; and; in; The （2）答案：1. located 2. existence 3. widely 4. from 5.the 6.that 7. collections 8.held 9.but 10. representing 解析： 本文主要敘述了位于倫敦布盧姆斯伯里地區(qū)的大英博物館,它是第一個致力于人類歷史、藝術(shù)和文化的國家公共博物館,且不收取費用。 1.?located【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。be located in...為固定搭配,意為“坐落于?,位于?”,本句為從句“which is located in…”的省略 句,去掉了which is

52、,故填 located。 2.?existence【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,句意:它的永久藏品數(shù)量大約為800萬,使它成為現(xiàn)存的最大的博物館之一。in existence為固定短語,意為“現(xiàn)存”。 3.?widely【解析】考查副詞。修飾動詞sourced應用副詞作狀語,故填 widely。 4.?from【解析】考查介詞。from... to...為固定搭配,意為“從…… 到……”。句意:它的來源廣泛,記錄了人類文化從開始到現(xiàn)在的故事。故填from。 5.?the【解析】考査冠詞。the United Kingdom為固定用法,意為“英國”,故填the。 6.?that【解析】考查定語

53、從句。分析句子成分可知,句中的its most famous objects是先行詞,空處在定語從句中作主語,指物,且先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾,所以要用that引導定語從句。 7.?collections【解析】考査名詞的單復數(shù)。 collection是可數(shù)名詞,此處指很多的收藏品,故填復數(shù)形式collections。 8. held【解析】考査時態(tài)。分析句子可知,空處是謂語動詞,與it是主謂關系,根據(jù)時間狀語once可知,本句要用一般過去時,故填held。 9.?but【解析】考査連詞。分析語境可知,本句與前面的句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關系,是今昔對比,因此要填but。 10.?represent

54、ing【解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知,句中已有謂語動詞keeps,故此處的represent在句中修飾名詞collections of artificial works,兩者是主謂關系,故填representing。 （3）答案：it ; earlier; were told; but; why; for; surprisingly; the; where; sunburnt/sunburned　 解析：①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是指前面Miami(邁阿密),所以用指示代詞it。 ②根據(jù)上文的six months可知,這里是說他們六個月前就預定了房間,

55、所以這里用early的比較級。 ③根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容可知,這里的tell與主語we是被動關系,應該用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 ④分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里是not...but...(不是……而是……)的配搭。 ⑤此處是賓語從句,根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容可知,表示疑問,所以用why。 ⑥?“要價;收費”是固定配搭。 ⑦分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處修飾后面的形容詞helpful,所以要用副詞形式。 ⑧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,是特指那里頂層的VIP房間,所以用定冠詞。 ⑨修飾beach,并在從句中作地點狀語,所以用where引導。 ⑩充當表語,而且主語是人,所以用動詞的-ed形式。 （4）答案：

56、with; a; comfortably; designed; fashionable; popularity; Though / Although/While; to enjoy; being asked; will agree 解析： 英國人有喝下午茶的習慣。本文主要介紹了英國下午茶的文化。 1.?with 考查with復合結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這句話是with復合結(jié)構(gòu),即“with+賓語+過去分詞”,故填with。 2.?a 考査冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知,這里泛指“一種受歡迎的消遣”,故用不定冠詞,且popular是以輔音音素開頭的單詞,故填a。 3.?comfortably 考査

57、副詞。修飾動詞短語drink good quality tea應用副詞。故填comfortably。 4.?designed 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句的謂語動詞是date,故空處應填非謂語動詞形式作定語修飾afternoon tea,且afternoon tea和design之間是動賓關系,故應用過去分詞作定語。 5.?fashionable 考査形容詞。分析句子可知,空處修飾名詞occasion ,故應用所給詞的形容詞形式fashionable。 6.?popularity 考査名詞。由空前的形容詞性物主代詞its可知, 空處應填所給詞的名詞形式,且popularity是

58、不可數(shù)名詞。故填popularity。 7.?Though/Although/While 考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知,前半句表示的是“可以在家里亨受它”。而后半句表示的是“最好的體驗它的方式是在一家高檔的酒店或咖啡店”,前后是讓步關系,故用表示讓步的連詞。 8.?to enjoy 考查非謂語動詞。由句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語。所以填to enjoy。 9.?being asked 考杳非謂語動詞。avoid后面接動詞-ing形式作賓語,且you和ask to leave之間是動賓關系,故填being asked。 10.?will agree 考查時態(tài)。句意:我保證你只要試過之后,就會同意的。句中once引導的是條件狀語從句,用的是一般現(xiàn)在時,由“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則可知,主句應用一般將來時。故填will agree。 13