2018年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題12 特殊句式講學(xué)案(含解析)
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1、 專題12 特殊句式 從近幾年高考試題來看,特殊句式主要考查倒裝句、省略句和強調(diào)句的用法。命題的著重點在以下幾個方面: 1.考查倒裝句式,特別注意以下三種情況: (1)含有否定意義的詞置于句首時,部分倒裝。 (2)only位于句首修飾狀語等,部分倒裝。 (3)so/such...that句型中,so/such位于句首時,后面的主句倒裝,that從句不倒裝。 2.考查省略句的構(gòu)成,尤其是以下四種情況: (1)省略主語、主語和謂語、主語和謂語的一部分。 (2)狀語從句省略為“連詞+非謂語動詞”形式,務(wù)必要明確句子主語與非謂語動詞的邏輯關(guān)系以及非謂語動詞與謂語的時間關(guān)系。 (
2、3)不定式的省略。 (4)not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略。 3.考查強調(diào)句型的構(gòu)成和強調(diào)謂語的方法。近幾年高考更加注重考查知識之間的交叉現(xiàn)象,加大了綜合考查語法知識的力度,以下幾個方面要引起高度重視: (1)強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句式和特殊疑問句式的構(gòu)成。 (2)強調(diào)not...until...句型的特殊構(gòu)成方式。 (3)把強調(diào)句型與定語從句、省略句以及強調(diào)句型與時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句的考查等融合到一起考查學(xué)生綜合把握語法知識的能力。 一 、倒裝句 (一)完全倒裝(Full Inversion) 謂語動詞完全放在主語之前的句子便是完全倒裝句。這類句型主
3、要有: 1.表示方式、方位的副詞或介詞短語,如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等,置于句首,且主語是名詞時。如: In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英格蘭一所大學(xué)的講堂里坐著一位教授。 South of the river lies a small factory. 一個小型工廠坐落在河的南岸。 Out rushed the children. 孩子們沖了出去。 2.such置于句首時
4、。如: Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist. 這就是艾伯特·愛因斯坦,一個樸實的人,也是20世紀最偉大的科學(xué)家。 (二)部分倒裝(Partial Inversion) 只把謂語的一部分(多為助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)置于主語之前的句子叫部分倒裝句。這類句型主要有三種: 1.only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句,且放在句首時。如: Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以這種方法,我們才能學(xué)好英語。 Only
5、when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有當他回來時,我們才查明了真相。 使用特點: (1)在部分倒裝句中,如果謂語部分無助動詞,則須找助動詞來“幫助”它構(gòu)成倒裝句。如: (×)Only after the war learned he the sad news. (√)Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 只是在戰(zhàn)后他才知道那個悲慘的消息。 (2)only修飾狀語從句時,從句不可倒裝。如: (×)Only when did he return did we find out
6、 the truth. (√)Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有當他回來的時候,我們才查明了真相。 (3)only修飾主語時,句子不可倒裝。如: (×)Only can he answer the question. (√)Only he can answer the question. 只有他能回答這個問題。 2.否定副詞never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time, under/in no circ
7、umstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首時。如: Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before. 以前我從未看過這么感人的電影。 Not a single mistake did he make.=He didn't make a single mistake. 他一個錯也沒犯。 3.七個重要的固定句型: (1)...so+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語“……也是如此”。如: Th
8、ey love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 他們喜歡交很多朋友,那些有殘疾的人也是如此。 警示 如果句意不是“……也是如此”,而僅是對前面內(nèi)容的肯定或附加(此時的so=indeed),那么,句子不可使用倒裝形式。試比較: A:I was afraid. (句中的I指是說話者A) B:So was I. (I指的是B,此句意為:I was afraid, too.) A:我害怕。 B:我也是。 A:I was afraid. (I指的是A) B:So you were. (you指的也是A。此句
9、意為:Indeed you were afraid.) A:我害怕。 B:你就是這樣。 (2)...neither(或nor)+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語“……也不這樣”。如: Lily can't ride; neither (或nor) can Lucy. 莉莉不會騎車,露西也不會。 此句型中的neither(或nor)不可用so...not替代,但可用not...either改寫。如: (×)I have never been abroad. So hasn't he. (√)I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has he.
10、(√)I have never been abroad. He has never/not been abroad, either. 我沒出過國,他也沒有。 (3)So+adj./adv....that.../Such+adj.+n....+that...“如此……以至于……”。如: So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他說英語如此清晰以至于別人都聽得懂。 警示 在這個句型中,so/such引導(dǎo)的句子要倒裝,而that引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝。 (4)Neither...
11、,nor...“……不……,……也不……”。如: Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. 我不知道,也不關(guān)心。 警示 由于neither和nor都是否定詞,所以其后面的分句均需倒裝。 (5)Not only...,but also...“不僅……而且……”。如: Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助
12、,而且也要給那些需要幫助的人提供醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。 警示 此句型也可寫成Not only...but...或Not only...but...as well的形式,但but (also)引導(dǎo)的句子必須用正常語序。 (6)Not until...“直到……才……”。如: Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回來我們才吃晚飯。 警示 ①這句話可以改寫成:We didn't have supper until he returned.再如: Not until 400 in the morning can he fall aslee
13、p. =He can't fall asleep until 400 in the morning. 直到凌晨4點他才睡著。 ②如果not until引導(dǎo)的是句子,until從句不可倒裝,只是主句需要倒裝。 (7)hardly...when...,no sooner...than...“剛……就……”等引導(dǎo)兩個句子時,前一個句子用部分倒裝,后一個句子不倒裝。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. 他一聽到這個消息就哭了。 (三)形式倒裝(Formal Inversion) 形式上的倒裝在語法上稱
14、為前置。它的特點是,只把強調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首,主謂并不倒裝。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)較多,但尤其要注意as, though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時采用形式倒裝的情況。 1.表語的倒裝 Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work. 盡管他很累,他還是繼續(xù)工作。 2.謂語動詞的倒裝 Try as he might,he didn't pass the exam. 盡管很用功,但他考試還是不及格。 3.狀語的倒裝 Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it. 他雖然很喜歡那輛
15、自行車,但不想買它。 警示 如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級作表語,不再用冠詞。如: Child as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他是孩子,但他懂得很多。 Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. 他雖然是我們班年齡最小的,但英語說得最好。 二、強調(diào) It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that+句子剩余成分 (一)強調(diào)人時可用who/that來連接,強調(diào)事物時用that來連接。 被強調(diào)的可以是單詞、短語,也可以是從句,但結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。被強調(diào)的成分可以是主語、賓語和狀語,但不能是
16、定語或謂語。如: It is I who/that am right. 我才是對的。(強調(diào)主語) (二)強調(diào)句的特殊句式 強調(diào)句的特殊句式 結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成 一般疑問句 Is/Was it+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他部分? 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+is/was it+that+句子其他部分? not until句式 It is/was not until...+that+句子其他部分 not...but...句式 It is not...+that...,but.../It is not...but...that... Was it in 1939 that
17、the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎? When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天給我打電話是什么時候? What is it that you want me to do? 你要我做什么? I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. →It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I reali
18、zed she was a famous film star. 直到她摘掉墨鏡我才認出她是著名影星。 (三)用助動詞do,does或did來強調(diào)謂語動詞,用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的肯定的陳述句中,do還可以用于祈使句。 Do be careful while crossing the street. 過馬路時一定要當心。 三、省略 (一)定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom常可以省略。 (二)狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象 1.當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致,且從句中含be動詞時,可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。 Once (he was) a teac
19、her, he now works in a government office. While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 當我正在沿著大街走時,我聽見有人叫我的名字。 The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 展覽比預(yù)料的更有趣。 He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. 他張了張嘴好像有話要說。 2.當從句中的主語是it,謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be時,可以把it和系動
20、詞be一起省略。此時構(gòu)成連詞(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容詞。如: Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果沒必要,你最好別查詞典。 另外,我們還可以用so或not代替上文內(nèi)容,此時可有“if+so/not”省略句式:If so和If not。 He may not be at home then. If so (If he is not at home), leave him a note. 他那時也許不在家。如果不在家的話,給他留下個便條。 (三)
21、不定式的省略 1.單獨使用不定式符號to,代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞,常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后邊。如: I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to. 2.否定形式的省略用not to。 —Shall I go instead of him? —I prefer you not to. ——我可以代替他去嗎? ——我寧可你不去。 3.如果不定式中
22、含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。如: —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. ——你是個海員嗎? ——不是,但我以前是。 —He hasn't finished yet. —Well, he ought to have. ——他還沒完成。 ——哦,他早該完成了。 (四)賓語從句中的省略 1.由which, when, where, how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,可全部或部分省去,只保留引導(dǎo)詞。 Please pass me one of these books, I don't
23、 care which(you pass me). 請遞給我一本書,隨便哪一本。 He will come back, but he doesn't know when (he will come back). 他會回來的,但他不知道什么時候回來。 2.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,連詞that可省略,若帶有多個賓語從句,只有第一個that可省略,其余不能。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他說這篇課文非常重要,我們應(yīng)該背下來。 四、主謂一致 (一)并列
24、主語的主謂一致 1.兩個單數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示兩個不同的概念時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Tom and Jack were close friends. 湯姆和杰克是親密的朋友。 2.兩個單數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示同一人、同一物、同一個概念或表示不可分割的整體時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如: The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演員將參加我們的晚會。 3.被every, each, many a, no等限定的單數(shù)名詞由and連接時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。其中,后一個限定詞可省略。如: Eac
25、h boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每個男孩和每個女孩都有一個蘋果。 4.一個單數(shù)名詞被幾個用and連接的并列形容詞修飾時,可以指一件事或幾件事,這種名詞作主語,要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。如: What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality. 生活儉樸是一種優(yōu)良的品質(zhì)。 English and American literature are appealing to her. 英國文學(xué)和美國文學(xué)都對她有吸引力
26、。 5.由and連接的兩個what從句作主語時,要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。如: What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行與我無關(guān)。 6.由or, nor, either...or,neither...nor, not only...but (also)連接的并列主語,通常根據(jù)就近原則,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要和與它鄰近的主語的數(shù)保持一致。如: One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一兩個朋友要來。 Neither I nor he is in favour
27、of her marriage. 我和他都不贊成她的婚姻。 7.“單數(shù)名詞+with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except等+名詞”作主語時,謂語仍用單數(shù)形式。 如: Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening flight. 史密斯博士及其夫人將乘晚班飛機抵達。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory
28、. 除了一個老師和三個學(xué)生外,沒有人在實驗室里。 (二)某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致 1.集體名詞family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee等作主語時,動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)主語所指的意義而定。當把集體名詞作為一個整體看待時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式;如果指其中各個成員時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 這個班由25個男生和20個女生組成。 The class are doing expe
29、riments. 全班學(xué)生正在做實驗。 2.由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞,如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主語時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果這類名詞前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of來修飾,謂語動詞的數(shù)往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Your glasses are very nice. 你的眼鏡很漂亮。 This pair of trousers is mine. 這條褲子是我的。 (三)數(shù)詞與量詞作主語的主謂一致 1.表示時間、重量、距離、價格、體積等的名詞的
30、復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語,通常當作整體看待,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Twenty years is a long time in one's life. 20年在人的一生中是很長的一段時間。 2.分數(shù)和百分數(shù)修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們表示的意義。試比較: About one third of the books are worth reading. 這些書中大約有1/3值得讀一讀。 3.有“kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修飾的主語,其謂語形式常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如: Thi
31、s new type of buses is on show. 這種新型的公共汽車現(xiàn)在正在展出。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必須克服各種各樣的困難。 4.如果主語由“many a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。如: Many a page in this book is missing. 這本書缺了許多頁。 5.a(chǎn) quantity of及quantities of后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,亦可接不可數(shù)名詞;a quantity of...作主語時謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式取決于后面的名詞是否可數(shù)
32、;而quantities of...作主語時謂語總用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year. =With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 隨著越來越多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的沃土被沖走了。 (四)從句中的主謂一致 1.在用it作形式主語的句子中和在用it構(gòu)成的強調(diào)句型中,謂
33、語動詞常用單數(shù)。如: It isn't obvious which route would be the best. 哪條路線會是最好的還不明顯。 It was he who taught us English last year. 去年是他教我們英語。(強調(diào)句型) 五、其他特殊句式 (一)祈使句的固定句式 1.祈使句+and+簡單句表示“如果……就……” 2.祈使句+or+簡單句表示“……否則……” (二)感嘆句的固定句式 1.What a(an)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語! 2.What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語! 3.How+形容詞+a(an)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂
34、語! 4.How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語! (三)反義疑問句 1.主從復(fù)合句,與主句的主謂語保持一致。但當陳述部分是I (We) think/believe/expect/suppose加從句時,疑問句應(yīng)和從句的人稱時態(tài)保持一致。 2.must表示猜測時的反意疑問句 (1)“must be”對現(xiàn)在情況進行推測作一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時的附加疑問句進行處理。 3.陳述部分是祈使句,疑問尾句用will you;但如果陳述部分是let's開頭的祈使句,疑問尾句用shall we。 考點一、考查強調(diào)句型 例1、 (2017?天津)It was when I got back to
35、my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors. A. who B. where C. which D. that 【答案】D 【變式探究】(2016·天津,13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists. 【答案】that 【解析】句意:你等錯地方了。長途汽車來賓館接游客。本題考查強調(diào)句型:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他。本句中at t
36、he hotel是被強調(diào)部分,缺強調(diào)句式中的that,故填that。 【變式探究】 Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry? A. why B. who C. where D. that 【考點】考察強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句 【答案】D 【解析】本題考查的特殊句式中強調(diào)句的一般疑問句。強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was+被強調(diào)成分that/who+其他成分”。本題強調(diào)的成分較為特殊,強調(diào)的是原因狀語從句because
37、 Jack came late for school。句意:斯密斯先生是因為Jack上學(xué)遲到才生氣的嗎?故D正確。 【舉一反三】It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. A.when B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B 句意:只有他看了論文之后,克洛斯先生才意識到擺在他面前的任務(wù)很難完成。本
38、題為強調(diào)句型,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that...,故B項正確。 考點二、考查倒裝句 例2. (2017?江蘇) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B 【變式探究】【2016·江蘇】34.Not until recently ______the dev
39、elopment of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged 【答案】C 【解析】句意:直到最近他們才鼓勵在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開展與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的活動。當not until所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語放在句首時,主句要使用部分倒裝。故C項正確。 【變式探究】No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke
40、 into thunderous applause. A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has 【考點】考察倒裝句 【答案】A 【解析】本題中的固定句式no sooner… than…一…就…;當否定詞放在句首的時候,主句中要使用部分倒裝的形式。句義:莫言一走上舞臺,觀眾就爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。根據(jù)句義可知莫言走上舞臺是在觀眾鼓掌之前,而觀眾鼓掌已經(jīng)使用了一般過去時,在這之前的動作要使用過去完成時。同時要使用倒裝句式。故A正確。 【舉一反三】Only when you can find p
41、eace in your heart _____good relationships with others. A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep 【考點】考察倒裝句 【答案】A 【解析】本題考察的是only的倒裝句。當only放在句首,且強調(diào)的是狀語的時候,需要使用部分倒裝的形式。本題中only放在了句首,強調(diào)的是時間狀語從句when you can find peace in your heart,所以后面的主句要使用倒裝句。D項的時態(tài)錯誤。句義:只有當你取得內(nèi)心的安寧以后,你才可以和別人保持良
42、好的關(guān)系。故A正確。 1.(2017?江蘇) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B 2.(2017?江蘇) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her d
43、ifficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中,be動詞統(tǒng)一用were;虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略,同時把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故選B。句意:要不是老師們的支持,該 生是無法克服她自己的困難的。 3.(2017·江蘇卷·單項填空) ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could
44、 not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣的省略。虛擬語氣中,be動詞統(tǒng)一用were;虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略,同時把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故選B。 4.(2017?江蘇) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her d
45、ifficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中,be動詞統(tǒng)一用were;虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省 略,同時把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故選B。句意:要不是老師們的支持,該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。 5.(2017?江蘇) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overco
46、me her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B 6.(2017·江蘇卷) ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B 【解析】
47、考查虛擬語氣的省略。虛擬語氣中,be動詞統(tǒng)一用were;虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略,同時把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故選B。 7.(2017?江蘇) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中,be動詞統(tǒng)
48、一用were;虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略,同時把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故選B。句意:要不是老師們的支持,該 生是無法克服她自己的困難的。 8.(2017?天津)It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors. A. who B. where C. which D. that 【答案】D 【解析】句意:當我回到我的公寓的時候,我首先遇見了我的新鄰居。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞It was開頭,后面連詞
49、首選that,,構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型,但需要驗證,本句中去掉It was 和that,句意完整,所以確定是強調(diào)句型。故選D。 考點:考查強調(diào)句型。 1.(2016·新課標Ⅱ,50)It could be anything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—but whatever it is,________(make)sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 【答案】make 2.(2016·天津,13)You are waiting at a
50、 wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists. 【答案】that 【解析】句意:你等錯地方了。長途汽車來賓館接游客。本題考查強調(diào)句型:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他。本句中at the hotel是被強調(diào)部分,缺強調(diào)句式中的that,故填that。 3.【2016·江蘇】34.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A. they
51、 had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged 【答案】C 【解析】句意:直到最近他們才鼓勵在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開展與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的活動。當not until所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語放在句首時,主句要使用部分倒裝。故C項正確。 3.(2015·重慶,9)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized. 【答案】that 【
52、解析】句意:巴赫在1750年去世,但是直到19世紀初他的音樂天賦才得到完全認可。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該題是“It is/was...that...”句型,是一個強調(diào)句,所以填that。 4.(2015·湖南,21)It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 【答案】that 【解析】句意:當我們返回家的時候,我才意識到幫助身處困境的人感覺真好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是一個強調(diào)句型,在這里強調(diào)時間狀語,故填t
53、hat。 1.(2014北京卷)24. ________carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.. A. Observe B. To observe C. Observed D. Observing 【考點】考察祈使句 【答案】A 2.(2014大綱卷)33. _____ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. A. Calling B. Call C. To ca
54、ll D. Having called 【考點】考察特殊句式 【答案】B 【解析】本題考察的是“祈使句+連詞+陳述句”的固定句式。該句式相當于“If條件句+主句”。句義:明天給我打電話,我就告訴你實驗結(jié)果。相當于I you call me tomorrow, I will let you know the lab result。因為本句中有連詞and,說明前面這一部分應(yīng)該是一個完整的句子,ACD三項都不能引起一個完整的句子,只有動詞原形call放在句首,引起祈使句。故B正確。 3.(2014福建卷)29. It was the culture, rathe
55、r than the language, ____made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad A. where B. why C. that D. what 【考點】考察強調(diào)句型 【答案】C 【解析】本題是一個強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)的是句子的主語the culture, rather than the language;句義:是文化而不是這種語言讓他很難適應(yīng)國外新的環(huán)境。強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:It is/was 被強調(diào)成分 that/who+其他成分。最大的特點是把It is/was…that/who
56、…去掉,句子仍然是成立的。本題即是如此。故C正確。 4.(2014福建卷)32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been 【考點】考察虛擬語氣和省略 【答案】A 5.(2014湖南卷)21.Children,when by their parents, are
57、 allowed to enter the stadium. A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied 【考點】考察狀語從句和省略 【答案】D 【解析】本題考察的是狀語從句的省略:當狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致且含有be動詞的時候,可以把狀語從句的主語和be動詞一起省略。本題在when的后面省略了they are。因為children和動詞allow構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以使用過去分詞表示被動。句義:當孩子有父母親陪伴的時候,他們是被允許進入體育館的。故D正確。 6.(2014湖南卷)29.
58、Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others. A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep 【考點】考察倒裝句 【答案】A 【解析】本題考察的是only的倒裝句。當only放在句首,且強調(diào)的是狀語的時候,需要使用部分倒裝的形式。本題中only放在了句首,強調(diào)的是時間狀語從句when you can find peace in your heart,所以后面的主句要使用倒裝句。D項的時態(tài)錯誤。句義:
59、只有當你取得內(nèi)心的安寧以后,你才可以和別人保持良好的關(guān)系。故A正確。 7.(2014湖南卷)33. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy. A. that B. which C. what D. who 【考點】考察強調(diào)句型 【答案】A 【解析】本題考察的是強調(diào)句型It is/was...that/who…。當被強調(diào)部分是人的時候,可以使用who或者that,當被強調(diào)部分不是人的時候,只能使用that。本句強調(diào)的是主語not doing…
60、.to do;本句的主語是由not…but…組成的一個特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。句義:不是做我們喜歡的事情,而是喜歡我們不得不做的事情讓我們的生活開心。本句被強調(diào)的不是人,所以使用that。故A正確。 8.(2014江西卷)26. When it comes to __ in public , no one can match him . A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken 【考點】考察固定句式 【答案】B 【解析】本題考察的是固定句式:When it comes to…當談及/提及/涉及…;其
61、中的to是介詞,后面要接名詞或者動名詞做賓語。句義:當涉及到在公眾場所發(fā)言,沒有人比得上他。本句中動名詞speaking作為介詞to的賓語。故B正確。 9.(2014天津卷)1.Give me a chance, ________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. A. if B. or C. and D. while 【考點】考察特殊句式和連詞辨析 【答案】C 10.(2014天津卷)15. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
62、A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught 【考點】考察省略和倒裝以及虛擬語氣 【答案】D 【解析】本題實際上是一個條件狀語從句的虛擬語氣,表示與過去事實相反。條件句中使用“過去完成式”,主句使用“情態(tài)動詞+have done”;當條件句中的if省略的時候,要把had提前形成部分倒裝。句義:如果他趕上了早班火車,他就不會開會遲到了。故D正確。 11.(2014重慶卷 )10.— I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you mu
63、st have visited the British Museum during your stay._____ you? A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t 【考點】考察反義疑問句 【答案】C 【解析】本題考察的反義疑問句中比較特殊的一種“情態(tài)動詞+have done”的反義疑問句。當主句中“情態(tài)動詞+have done”后面有過去時的時間狀語,就對一般過去時反問;如果句子沒有一般過去時的時間狀語,就對現(xiàn)在完成時中的助動詞have/has提問。句意:—去年夏天,我在倫敦兩個星期?!阍谀抢锏臅r候,一定去了大英博物館吧,是吧?本句中有了
64、during your stay你在那里的時候,這是一個一般過去時的時間狀語,指去年在那里的時間。所以對一般過去時提問,句中是動詞visit,所以使用didn’t。故C正確。 (2013·新課標Ⅱ卷)12. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital. A. can be the patients B. can the patients be treated C. the patients can be treated
65、D.treated can be the patients 【答案】B 【考點定位】only位于句首用部分倒裝。 (2013·新課標Ⅱ卷)10. It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. Awhen B. that C. which D. What 【答案】B 【解析】考查強調(diào)句型。only after he had read the pape
66、rs是被強調(diào)的部分,Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete句子成分完整,排除C、D;把It was和that去掉后不影響句意,因此是強調(diào)句,故選B。 【考點定位】強調(diào)句型it is...that。 (2013·大綱卷)32. Only By increasing the numBer of doctors By 50 percent properly in this hospital. A. can Be the patients B. can the patients Be treated C. the patients can Be treated D.treated can Be the patients 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒裝句。only位于句首時,要用部分倒裝,即把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或Be動詞提到主語前面。當only+主語謂語句首時,不要倒裝。A項,.com不是被動語態(tài);C沒有倒裝;D是全部倒裝。故選B
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