2017-2018學年高中英語 Module 5 Ethnic Culture Section Ⅲ Grammar-過去分詞作狀語和短語動詞教學案 外研版選修7

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1、 Module 5 Ethnic Culture Section Ⅲ Grammar-過去分詞作狀語和短語動詞 語法圖解 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) ①Seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in. ②Not invited, he became very disappointed. ③Completely rebuilt, the town would not be so interesting.

2、④Beaten by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other. ⑤Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter. ⑥The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its peak covered with snow. ⑦A big fire broke out last night in that vi

3、llage. ⑧When he read the book, he came across many new words. [我的發(fā)現(xiàn)] (1)①～⑤句中，黑體部分均在句中作狀語，分別表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨。 (2)由②句可知，過去分詞作狀語時，其否定形式通常是在分詞前加not。 (3)⑥句中分詞作狀語，有自己獨立的主語，這叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 (4)⑦⑧句中黑體部分為短語動詞。 一、過去分詞(短語)作狀語 1．定義 及物動詞的過去分詞作狀語，表示被動和完成的意義，功能上相當于一個表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步和方式等的狀語從句，其邏輯主語一般與句子主語一致。

4、(1)過去分詞作時間狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when, while, after或before引導的時間狀語從句。 Asked (＝When she was asked) her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher. 當問到未來的計劃時， 這個女孩說她想成為一名教師。 (2)過去分詞作原因狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為as, since, because等引導的原因狀語從句。 Frightened (＝Because/As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn’t d

5、are to sleep alone. 因為被老虎嚇著了， 這個女孩不敢單獨睡覺。 (3)過去分詞作條件狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, unless或once等引導的條件狀語從句。 Grown (＝If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。 Given (＝If we were given) more time, we could do it better. 如果給我們更多時間的話，我們可以做得更好。 [名師點津]　此句中的given在許多語法

6、書中作為介詞處理。 (4)過去分詞作讓步狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although, though或even if等引導的讓步狀語從句。 Left (＝Although he was left) at home, John didn’t feel afraid at all. 雖然John被單獨留在家里， (但是)他一點都不害怕。 (5)過去分詞作狀語表示伴隨、方式或狀態(tài)時，不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句，但是可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列謂語或并列分句。 The teacher entered the classroom, followed (＝and he was followed) by a group of s

7、tudents. 老師進入教室，后面跟著一群學生。 (6)作方式狀語，如有連詞 as if，就轉(zhuǎn)換為as if引導的方式狀語從句；也可以轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. ＝He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起來，好像被蛇咬了。 (7)過去分詞作結(jié)果狀語(相當于結(jié)果狀語從句)。 He failed in the competition, blamed by his companions. ＝He failed in the compet

8、ition, so that he was blamed by his companions. 他在比賽中失敗了，受到了同伴的責備。 [名師點津]　過去分詞(短語)作時間、條件或讓步狀語時，為了明確其意義，有時可在過去分詞(短語)前加上when, while, if, once, unless, although等連詞，即我們通常所說的狀語從句的省略。 If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing. 假如僅靠你的想象去描繪，報告是不會有說服力的。 Once (it is) seen, i

9、t will not be forgotten. 只要看見了就不會忘記它。 [即時演練1] (1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①Because she was born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling. →Borninapoorfamily,_Nadia had only two years of schooling. ②Though he is encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.

10、 →Encouragedbyhisparents,_he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. ③The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse. →The patient wassupportedbythenurse and got off the bed. (2)完成句子 ①(2016·北京高考改編)Ordered_over_a_week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 這

11、些書是一個多星期以前訂購的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時到貨。 ②Caught_in_a_heavy_rain,_he was all wet. 因為淋了一場大雨，所以他全身濕透了。 ③Watered_more,_these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多澆點水，這些大白菜還可以長的更好。 ④(安徽高考改編)Founded_in_the_early_20th_century,_the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. 這所建于20世紀初期的學校一直激勵孩子們對藝術(shù)的熱愛。 2．過去分

12、詞作狀語需注意的幾個問題 (1)過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作狀語的區(qū)別：一般說來，過去分詞作狀語，和句子主語是被動關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，和句子主語是主動關(guān)系；不定式作狀語，一般表示目的。請比較： Seen from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful. 從塔頂上看，這座城市更漂亮。(主語the city和see之間是被動關(guān)系) Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city. 從塔頂我們可以飽覽城市的美景。(主語we

13、和see之間是主動關(guān)系) To get a wonderful view of our city, we climbed to the top of the tower. 為了飽覽城市的美景， 我們爬上了塔頂。(不定式表示目的) (2)過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語必須保持一致，請體會下列例句： 當被問及為什么會遲到時，她的臉漲得通紅。 ①Asked why she was late, her face went red.(×) ②Asked why she was late, she went red in the face.(√) 小偷如果被抓，會受到警方的懲處。 ①If

14、 caught, the police will punish the thief. (×) ②If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. (√) (3)有些分詞已成為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，當使用時應按固定結(jié)構(gòu)對待，不必考慮它們與主語的關(guān)系。常見的有以下幾種： judging by/from ...“根據(jù)……判斷；由……斷定”； generally/honestly/frankly speaking“一般/老實/坦率說來”；provided (that) ... (＝providing that ...)“假如……；在……條件下”； gi

15、ven ...“倘若……；假定……等”； considering (that) ...“考慮到……”； supposing (that) ...“如果……” Judging by/from his accent, he must be from the South. 從他的口音判斷，他一定是南方人。 I will agree to go provided/providing that you go with me. 假如你陪我一起去，我就同意去。 (4)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與主句主語應保持一致。但當分詞邏輯主語與主句主語不一致時，分詞要有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這

16、種主語常常是名詞或代詞，置于動詞-ing形式或動詞-ed形式之前。 這種“名詞/代詞＋動詞-ing/動詞-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)在語法上被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此時分詞形式的選擇取決于名詞/代詞與動詞-ing/動詞-ed形式所表示動作的邏輯關(guān)系，如果它們之間表示主動或動作正在進行，選擇現(xiàn)在分詞；如果它們之間表示被動或完成，選擇過去分詞。 Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 春天來了，樹變綠了。 The question settled, they felt released. 問題解決了，他們感覺輕松了。 [即時演練2] (1)用所給動詞的適當

17、形式填空 ①Compared (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. ②When first introduced_(introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. ③Having finished the interview, the manager went to his office, followed (follow) by the interviewer. ④Fi

18、nding (find) her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help. ⑤Driven (drive) by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses. (2)單句改錯 ①Judged by/from her dresses, she must be from a rich family. Judged→Judging ②I will agree to the project, provide that my expenses ar

19、e paid. provide→provided/providing ③Facing with so many difficulties, he had a hard time those days. Facing→Faced或去掉with ④(全國卷改編)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitted.permitted→permitting 二、短語動詞 1．動詞＋副詞 該類短語動詞有的只可用作及物動詞，有的只可用作不及物動詞，有的既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。 He brought up his childre

20、n strictly. 他嚴格教育孩子們。(及物) Something unexpected has turned up. 出現(xiàn)了令人意外的情況。(不及物) The barrel of gunpowder blew up. 火藥桶爆炸了。(不及物) The soldiers blew up the bridge. 士兵們把橋炸毀了。(及物) [名師點津]　在“動詞＋副詞”的詞組中賓語位置：賓語是名詞，則可置于副詞后面，亦可置于動詞和副詞之間。賓語是代詞，只能置于動詞和副詞之間。 [即時演練3] (1)寫出下列短語動詞 ①break_down　　　　 壞了；垮了；分解

21、 ②give_up 放棄 ③bring_up 撫養(yǎng)；教育 ④carry_out 執(zhí)行； 實施 ⑤go_over 復習/過一遍…… ⑥insist_on 堅持要/堅決主張…… ⑦break_in 闖入 ⑧die_out 滅絕，滅亡 (2)完成句子 ①(2016·江蘇高考改編)Many businesses started up by college students have_taken_off (已經(jīng)迅速流行) thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. ②They were so

22、far away that I couldn’t make_out_their_faces (我無法辨認他們的臉) clearly. ③We set_out_to_find_the_truth (著手尋找真相) behind the mystery. 2．動詞＋介詞 動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的詞組在詞義上相當于一個及物動詞，賓語總是在介詞后面。 I don’t much care for television. 我不太喜歡看電視。(care for＝like) He has been asked to account for his absence. 他已被要求說明缺席的原因。 He i

23、s a man to be depended on. 他是個靠得住的人。 [即時演練4] (1)翻譯下列短語 ①believe_in　　　 信任/信賴/信仰 ②belong_to_..._ 屬于…… ③care_about 對……關(guān)心/感興趣 ④come_across 走過來；偶然碰到/找到 ⑤count on ... 信賴/指望…… ⑥go through 通過 ⑦lie in ... 在于…… ⑧prepare for ... 為……作準備 (2)選詞填空 suffer from, look into, think of, set ab

24、out, search for ①We never thought_of such success when we first started. ②The unemployed will search_for jobs online. ③A quarter of children in the country suffer_from malnutrition. ④That evening he set_about writing a report on pollution. ⑤The police are looking_into the explosion in Xinjiang

25、 on May 1st of 2014. 3．動詞＋副詞＋介詞 在這類動詞短語中，動詞、副詞、介詞緊密結(jié)合，是動副詞組和動介詞組的合成體，詞義上相當于一個及物動詞。它兼有以上兩類短語動詞的特點，但賓語總是位于介詞之后。 We must work hard to make up for the lost time. 我們必須努力工作來彌補失去的時間。 There are some things that teachers will not put up with. 有些事情教師是不會容忍的。 [即時演練5] (1)寫出下列短語動詞 ①do_away_with　　　　　 廢棄；廢

26、除 ②get_on/along_with 與……相處 ③catch_up_with 趕上；跟上 ④add_up_to 總計達 ⑤break_away_from 從……脫離；打破…… ⑥fit_in_with_ 適應/符合…… (2)完成句子 ①Young adults must break_away_from_their_parents’_control in order to achieve independence. 為了得到自立，年輕人必須擺脫父母對他們的支配。 ②Nothing can make_up_for_the_loss of a child. 失去一個孩

27、子是任何東西都無法彌補的。 ③(新課標全國卷改編)I can put_up_with_the_house_being_untidy,_but I hate it if it’s not clean. 我能忍受房子不整齊，但如果不干凈的話，我不喜歡。 4．動詞＋名詞＋介詞 這類動詞短語只用作及物動詞。名詞前可加形容詞說明程度，賓語總是位于介詞之后。這類短語動詞常可用于被動語態(tài)，并且有些可以有兩種形式。 In some countries, people are making use of the heat in the center of the earth. →The heat i

28、n the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries. →Use is being made of the heat in the center of the earth in some countries. 在一些國家，人們正在利用地球中心的熱能。 [即時演練6] (1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①They have made a terrible mess of the house. →A terrible mess hasbeenmadeof the house by them. →The house hasbe

29、enmadeaterriblemessof by them. ②Mary took good care of the children. →Good care wastakenof the children by Mary. →The children weretakengoodcareof by Mary. (2)完成句子 ①So we fixed_our_eyes_on_the_professor (我們都盯著教授) giving us a lecture. ②Tom has_trouble_in_expressing_himself (在表達自己方面有困難) in pub

30、lic. ③Don’t make_fun_of_the_child (嘲笑那個孩子) with a disability. 5．其他短語動詞 (1)動詞＋名詞 這類動詞短語中的常見動詞是have, take, give, make等，后面的名詞通常是從動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的動作名詞，并表達了短語動詞的真正意義。 have a look 　　　　　　　 看一看 have a try 試一試 make an appointment 約會 take place 發(fā)生 make way 前進 make a discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn) Let’s have anot

31、her try. 讓我們再試一下。 You should make an apology to him for your rudeness. 你應該為你的粗魯向他道歉。 (2)be＋形容詞＋介詞 be＋形容詞(包括過去分詞作形容詞)＋介詞，賓語位于介詞后面，短語動詞的真正詞義取決于形容詞。 I know he is slow at understanding, so you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差，所以你得對他耐心些。 (3)動詞＋反身代詞＋介詞 help oneself to　　　　　　 隨便吃…… give onese

32、lf to 專心于 dress oneself in 穿著 break oneself to 突破自己 throw oneself into 投身于…… [即時演練7]　介詞填空 ①be late for　　　　 遲到 ②be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 ③be busy with 忙于 ④be short for 是……的簡稱 ⑤be interested in 對……感興趣 ⑥be famous for 因……而著名 ⑦be good at 擅長 ⑧be different from 與……不同 ⑨be good/bad

33、for 對……有益/害 ⑩be friendly to 對……友好 ?occupy oneself with 忙于 ?devote oneself to 專心；致力于；獻身 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Offered (offer) important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. 2．Seen (see) from the top of the mountain, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 3．It is reported

34、that the police will soon look into the case of two missing children. 4．They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic. 5．(重慶高考改編)Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 6．The house painted (paint), he was tired. 7．With

35、 all things considered (consider), her proposal is of great importance. 8．Some medicines, if wrongly taken (take), can kill a person. 9．Can you tell me when the new edition is coming out? 10．The students in our class are all friendly to the newcomer. Ⅱ.單句寫作 1．(2015·全國Ⅱ滿分作文)Since you_are_intere

36、sted_in traditional Chinese cultures, I think this festival is well worth experiencing. 既然你對中國傳統(tǒng)文化很感興趣，我認為這個節(jié)日是很值得體驗的。 2．(2015·北京高考滿分作文)I’m going to_take_part_in the Dragon Boat Training Camp this summer. 今年夏天我將要參加龍舟訓練營。 3．(2014·重慶高考書面表達)When_I_put_it_on,_I could feel the warmth from my mother.

37、 當我穿上它時，我能感覺到來自我母親的溫暖。 4．(2015·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll_wait_for_you_at_the_school_gate at 9 in the morning. 如果你能和我們一起去，請讓我們知道，我們會在早上9點在學校門口等你。 5．Praised_by_the_neighbours,_he became the pride of his parents. 受到鄰居們的表揚，他成為父母的驕傲。 6．Einstein walked alo

38、ng the street, lost_in_thought. 愛因斯坦漫步街頭，沉浸在思索之中。 7．Compared_with_you,_I still have a long way to go. 跟你比較起來，我還差得很遠呢。 8．Exactly_speaking,_he got here at eight fourteen this morning. 準確地說，今天早晨他是八點十四分來到這里的。 Ⅲ.短文改錯 My dream is to become a school teacher in the future. In fact, I had the dream

39、of becoming a teacher since my childhood. In my opinion, without teachers, no society could make progresses. There is no doubt whether teachers play an important role in children growth. Not only do teachers pass on knowledge for children, but they also teach children how to behave themselves. Comp

40、aring with other jobs, teaching is hard and the pay is lower. And to me, what great fun it is to be with children! They make me to feel young forever because I study harder and try my best to realize my dream. 答案：第二句：had前加have 第三句：progresses→progress 第四句：whether→that; children→children’s 第五句：for→to 第六句：Comparing→Compared; hard→harder 第七句：And→But 第八句：去掉第一個to; because→so 11