2018年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題08 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)講學(xué)案(含解析)
《2018年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題08 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)講學(xué)案(含解析)》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《2018年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題08 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)講學(xué)案(含解析)(24頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、 專題08 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)是兩個(gè)非常重要的語(yǔ)法范疇,構(gòu)成了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的基本框架,幾乎所有動(dòng)詞的考查都必須借助于時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)完成。高考試題在考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的同時(shí),還兼顧其他語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容的測(cè)試,比如各種從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句等,其交叉式和復(fù)合式的特點(diǎn)尤為明顯。其考點(diǎn)主要包括: 1.注重在語(yǔ)境中考查常見時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別,如一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(過(guò)去時(shí))與現(xiàn)在(過(guò)去)進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別等。要求準(zhǔn)確判斷動(dòng)作和時(shí)間的關(guān)系,正確理解時(shí)間概念,如是現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去還是將來(lái),是時(shí)間段、時(shí)間點(diǎn)還是時(shí)間瞬間。 2.遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原則,考查在狀語(yǔ)從句等特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中時(shí)態(tài)的代替。
2、要求吃透語(yǔ)境,摸清命題人的意圖,善于捕捉句子中所隱含的時(shí)間信息,克服漢語(yǔ)式的慣性思維。 3.把語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合在一起,進(jìn)行綜合考查。各種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,仍是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一,而且題干中有效信息越來(lái)越隱蔽,試題難度呈現(xiàn)加大的趨勢(shì)。要求明確謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,分清是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。 4.考查主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。對(duì)語(yǔ)境理解能力的要求逐步提高,且要重視有特殊用法的動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。 一、高考??嫉膸追N易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作,常伴隨使用usually,often,seldom等頻度副詞;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段
3、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常跟now,at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isn't writing at present. 他經(jīng)常寫許多信,但他現(xiàn)在沒(méi)在寫。 (2)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí),要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 The Earth goes around the Sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) (1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作,而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小說(shuō)(可
4、能沒(méi)看完)。 I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小說(shuō)(已經(jīng)看完了)。 (2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)用于表示一個(gè)單純動(dòng)作,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用于表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間反復(fù)做的動(dòng)作。 Did he ask questions? 他提問(wèn)題了嗎? He was asking questions all the time. 他始終在提問(wèn)題。 (3)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(側(cè)重說(shuō)明事實(shí)),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開的情景)。 He drew a picture yesterday afternoon. 他昨
5、天下午畫了一張畫(昨天下午他做了這么一件事)。 He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午在畫一張畫(昨天下午他一直在畫畫,沒(méi)干別的事)。 (3)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(側(cè)重說(shuō)明事實(shí)),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開的情景)。 He drew a picture yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午畫了一張畫(昨天下午他做了這么一件事)。 He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下
6、午在畫一張畫(昨天下午他一直在畫畫,沒(méi)干別的事)。 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí) (1)兩者都表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,主要說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況;一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。例如: They've gone to Paris. 他們到巴黎去了(說(shuō)明他們現(xiàn)在去巴黎了,不在這里)。 They went to Paris. 他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)巴黎(只說(shuō)明去過(guò),不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在那里)。 (2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的任何時(shí)間,可與so far,up to now,lately,ever since等表示包括現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)
7、連用,但不能和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用;一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間或與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的某一過(guò)去時(shí)間。 I haven't seen the film yet. 我還沒(méi)看過(guò)這部影片(到目前為止)。 I saw the film the day before yesterday. 我前天看的這部電影(表明看電影的時(shí)間是在前天)。 4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí) (1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;即使沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,我們也可以作出明確的判斷。 (2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生。時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)不同,一般過(guò)去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻而言,
8、過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是與過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言的,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 5.一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示對(duì)“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻”來(lái)說(shuō),將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài);而將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 She is sixteen,who will be seventeen next year. 她十六歲,明年將十七歲。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一這時(shí)候你將會(huì)在做什么呢? 5.一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示對(duì)“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻”來(lái)說(shuō),將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài);而將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻
9、或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 She is sixteen,who will be seventeen next year. 她十六歲,明年將十七歲。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一這時(shí)候你將會(huì)在做什么呢? (2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如: Have you been meeting her lately?(經(jīng)常相見) Have you met her lately?(不重復(fù)發(fā)生) (3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng),有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)、
10、一種影響或結(jié)果,平鋪直敘,沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言。如: Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)瑪麗) Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)) 二、固定句型中的固定時(shí)態(tài) 在某些固定句型里往往有固定的時(shí)態(tài)要求,請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)下列句子中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用: 1.This/It is the first/second... time I have done sth. That/It was the first/second... time I had don
11、e sth. 2.It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad. 3.I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 4.Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. 5.No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang. 6.It won't be long before he comes back./It wasn't long
12、 before he came back. 7.I didn't manage to understand it until he had explained it again. 8.祈使句+and(or/or else/otherwise)+并列分句(并列分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用一般將來(lái)時(shí)) 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 英語(yǔ)中的及物動(dòng)詞一般都有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種形式。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是無(wú)標(biāo)記的,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則是有標(biāo)記的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的不同而變化。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式見下表: 2.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況
13、(1)英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞,如break,catch,clean,drive,look,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí),常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物;在這種情況下,常常和easily,well等副詞連用。 This kind of cloth washes well.這種布好洗。 The sign reads as follows.這牌子告示如下。 This material won't wear.這種材料不耐穿。 The machine runs well.這種機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。 特別提醒:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)
14、的特征,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。 (2)表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,look等后跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由聽起來(lái)合理。 (3)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 這所房子需要修理。 (4)在某些“主語(yǔ)(人/物)+be+形容詞+不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形
15、式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out. 這道題很難計(jì)算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me) (5)be to rent/blame/let也屬于主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 誰(shuí)應(yīng)為這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤接受譴責(zé)? The houses are to let. 這些房子有待出租。 (6)介詞in,on,under
16、等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義。 表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用,含被動(dòng)之意,其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞。常見的有:under control受控制;under treatment在治療中;under repair在修理中;under discussion在討論中;under construction在施工中;beyond belief令人難以置信;beyond one's reach鞭長(zhǎng)莫及;beyond one's control無(wú)法控制; beyond our hope我們始料不及;for sale出售;for rent出租; in print在
17、印刷中;in sight在視野范圍內(nèi);on sale出售;on show展出;on trial受審;out of control控制不了;out of sight超出視線;out of one's reach夠不著;out of fashion不流行。如: The rumor is beyond belief(=can't be believed). 那個(gè)謠言令人難以置信。 Today some treasures are on show(=are being shown)in the museum. 今天一些珍寶正在博物館展出。 考點(diǎn)一、考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 例1. (2017·北京
18、)People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result. A. will have B. have C. had D. had had 【答案】B 【解析】句意:人們有著比過(guò)去更好的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn),結(jié)果他們更長(zhǎng)壽。與過(guò)去對(duì)比是現(xiàn)在,所以than前一句話是用現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間,而且后一句用的就是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),所以前面也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),故選B。 【變式探究】(2016·浙江,5)While online shopping ________(change)
19、our life,not all of its effects have been positive. 【答案】has changed 【解析】句意:盡管網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活,但是并不是所有的影響都是積極的。主語(yǔ)是online shopping,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境以及后面的have been可知,這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 【變式探究】【2015·北京】26.in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection. A.has made B.had made C.was making
20、 D.is making 【答案】A 【變式探究】(2014安徽卷)23.The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground. A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished 【答案】D 【解析】句義:已經(jīng)完成了他們的家庭作業(yè),這對(duì)雙胞胎被允許在操場(chǎng)上打羽毛球。根據(jù)句義可知他們完成作業(yè)是在被允許到操場(chǎng)上打羽毛球之前。而他們被允許打羽毛球已經(jīng)使用了一般過(guò)
21、去時(shí),所以完成作業(yè)應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故D正確。 考點(diǎn)二、考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 例2、(2017江蘇) 27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】A 【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子成分可知,He和follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除B、D。根據(jù)句意:在匆忙趕回家的路上,他從未回頭看是否被跟
22、蹤,用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)最合適,答案選A。 【變式探究】(2016·四川,61)The giant panda ________(love)by people throughout the world. 【答案】is loved 【解析】句意:大熊貓被全世界人民所喜愛。主語(yǔ)the giant panda和動(dòng)詞love構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 【變式探究】【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party? --Yes,we___by our hosts. A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated
23、 D.had treated 【答案】A 【變式探究】(2014·浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she ________ most of the guests before. A.has seen B.had seen C.saw D.would see 【答案】B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:索菲亞看了看周圍所有的面孔,她印象中大部分客人她以前都是見過(guò)的。根據(jù)句意知,此處see的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去,同時(shí)由題眼before可知,該空應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),故選
24、B項(xiàng)。 1.(2017江蘇) 27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】A 【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子成分可知,He和follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除B、D。根據(jù)句意:在匆忙趕回家的路上,他從未回頭看是否被跟蹤,用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)最合適,答案選A。 2.(2017·北京)—_____
25、_ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes. They are happy with it. A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 【答案】A 3.(2017·北京)People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result. A. w
26、ill have B. have C. had D. had had 【答案】B 【解析】句意:人們有著比過(guò)去更好的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn),結(jié)果他們更長(zhǎng)壽。與過(guò)去對(duì)比是現(xiàn)在,所以than前一句話是用現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間,而且后一句用的就是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),所以前面也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),故選B。 1.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I ________(allow)to
27、get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 【答案】was allowed 【解析】句意:……在這個(gè)占地六百英畝的中心,我被允許靠近這些可愛的動(dòng)物。由語(yǔ)境可知作者被允許接近這些動(dòng)物,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ,62)Truly elegant chopsticks might ________(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 【答案】be made 【解析】句意:真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中國(guó)特色的金或銀制成的。ma
28、ke和chopsticks之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),空格前有might,所以用be made。 3.(2016·四川,61)The giant panda ________(love)by people throughout the world. 【答案】is loved 【解析】句意:大熊貓被全世界人民所喜愛。主語(yǔ)the giant panda和動(dòng)詞love構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4.(2016·四川,69)Then,after two and a half years,the mother ________(drive)the young panda aw
29、ay. 【答案】drove 【解析】句意:然后,兩年半之后這位母親趕走了熊貓寶寶。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 5.(2016·浙江,5)While online shopping ________(change)our life,not all of its effects have been positive. 【答案】has changed 【解析】句意:盡管網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活,但是并不是所有的影響都是積極的。主語(yǔ)是online shopping,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境以及后面的have been可知,這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 6.(2016·浙江,9)Silk _____
30、___(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 【答案】had become 【解析】句意:到公元前100年為止,絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。by about 100 BC是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這里強(qiáng)調(diào)到公元前100年為止,所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 7.(2016·北京,21)Jack ________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred. 【答案】was working 【解析】句意:杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作的時(shí)候突然停
31、電了。本句使用了be doing sth.when...句式,表示“正在做某事,突然……”,此時(shí)主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),分句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 8.(2016·北京,23)—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________(wait)here for more than two hours. 【答案】have been waiting 9.(2016·北京,25)I ________(read)half of the English novel,and I'll try to finish i
32、t at the weekend. 【答案】have read 【解析】句意:這本英語(yǔ)小說(shuō)我已經(jīng)讀了一半,這個(gè)周末我將盡力把它讀完。語(yǔ)境表示“已經(jīng)讀了一半”,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生并且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作。 10.(2016·北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________(reward)with success in the end. 【答案】will be rewarded 【解析】句意:這些學(xué)生一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)功課,他們的努力最終會(huì)以成功作為回報(bào)。由語(yǔ)
33、境可知,學(xué)生的努力會(huì)得到回報(bào)是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,故用一般將來(lái)時(shí);reward和their efforts之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 11.(2016·天津,3)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ________(see)for years. 【答案】hadn't seen 【解析】句意:在街上散步時(shí),我偶遇了大衛(wèi)。我已經(jīng)很多年沒(méi)見過(guò)他了。“我很多年沒(méi)見過(guò)他”發(fā)生在came across之前,表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 1.(2015·江蘇,30)The real reason why prices
34、 (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 【解析】句意:價(jià)格過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在仍然過(guò)高的原因是復(fù)雜的,沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)短的討論可以令人滿意地解釋這個(gè)問(wèn)題。根據(jù)and still are可以推斷出空白處是對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的考查。 【答案】were 2.(2015·湖南,22)As you go through this book, you (find)that each of the millions of pe
35、ople who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. 【解析】句意:在你瀏覽這本書時(shí),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)歷二戰(zhàn)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的經(jīng)歷各不相同。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,在從句中使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以主句使用一般將來(lái)時(shí),即所謂“主將從現(xiàn)”,主句使用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 【答案】will find 3.(2015·湖南,25)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I (ask), “What do you wish me to do now?”
36、 【答案】asked 4.(2015·湖南,28)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that?” 【解析】句意:他一定是感到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,然后平靜地說(shuō):“為什么這樣盯著看我?” must have done是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè),that后面應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去時(shí),在根據(jù)后面“為什么這樣盯著看我?”所使用的時(shí)態(tài)為進(jìn)行時(shí),可知此處為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【答案】was look
37、ing 5.(2015·湖南,32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but (hold)back thankfully by the shop window. 【解析】句意:我有一種強(qiáng)烈的進(jìn)去玩玩具的沖動(dòng),但是幸虧被櫥窗攔住了。前面had 是一般過(guò)去時(shí),此處是并列謂語(yǔ),也應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí);hold back和主語(yǔ)I之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 【答案】was held 6.(2015·北京,22)—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes.We
38、(treat)well by our hosts. 【解析】句意:——你們聚會(huì)玩得快樂(lè)嗎?——是的,主人招待我們很好。根據(jù)上一句中的did可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí);且we和treated是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故該空用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 【答案】were treated 7.(2015·北京,26)In the last few years, China (make)great achievements in environmental protection. 【解析】句意:在最近的幾年里,中國(guó)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成就。由“in the last few year
39、s”可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 【答案】has made 8.(2015·北京,27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house? —Not really.She ( give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 【答案】had given 9.(2015·北京,30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I (call)him later. 【
40、解析】句意:——Dr.Jackson現(xiàn)在不在他的辦公室里?!玫模^(guò)一會(huì)兒我再給他打電話。由句中的later可知此處要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 【答案】will call 10.(2015·浙江,8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he (go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. 【解析】句意:愛因斯坦出生于1879年。小時(shí)候,幾乎沒(méi)有人想到他會(huì)成為一個(gè)其理論將會(huì)改變世界的科學(xué)家。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可
41、知,此處要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 【答案】was going to 11.(2015·重慶,1)—Is Peter coming? —No, he (change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 【解析】句意:——彼特要來(lái)嗎?——不,當(dāng)接到一個(gè)電話后,他最后時(shí)刻改變了主意。句中的after a phone call at the last minute 表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 【答案】changed 12.(2015·重慶,13)In my hometown, there is always a
42、harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat (cut). 【答案】has been cut 13.(2015·陜西,22)Marty (work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday. 【解析】句意:馬蒂一直以來(lái)真的是很努力地寫這本書,他認(rèn)為他到星期五就能寫完了??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。他的書還沒(méi)有寫完,現(xiàn)在正在努力寫,用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,并且很有可能還要持續(xù)下去。 【答案】
43、has been working 14.(2015·陜西,24)At college,Barack Obama didn't know that he (become) the first black president of the United States of America. 【解析】句意:大學(xué)的時(shí)候,奧巴馬不知道他要成為美國(guó)的第一位黑人總統(tǒng)??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。注定成為,需要用was to become;主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句也可以用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 【答案】was to become/would become 15.(2015·四川,4)More expressway
44、s (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:四川將建設(shè)更多的高速公路以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)(發(fā)展)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)soon可知,此空為將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。 【答案】will be built 16.(2015·天津,6)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she (teach)a class at that time. 【解析】句意:瓊不能參加今天下午3點(diǎn)鐘的會(huì)議,因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)她將在上
45、課??疾閷?lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at that time指的是前面的at 3 o'clock this afternoon,表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在做某事,要用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【答案】will be teaching 17.(2015·天津,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides. 【解析】句意:盡管之前進(jìn)行了幾次談判,但到目前為止雙方?jīng)]達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so far可知此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語(yǔ)agreement與動(dòng)詞re
46、ach之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。 【答案】has been reached 18.(2015·安徽,24)Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I (leave)my book in the cafe. 【解析】句意:我剛一到學(xué)校門口,就意識(shí)到我把書落在餐館了??疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。realized后省略了that,這里是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致,“落下”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“意識(shí)到”之前,應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 【答案】had left 19.(2015·安徽,29)It is reported tha
47、t a space station (build)on the moon in years to come. 【答案】will be built 20.(2015·福建,26)To my delight, I (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 【解析】句意:令我高興的是,我被從好幾百人中選出參加這次開幕式??疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。我被選中,應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 【答案】was chosen 21.(2015·福建,30)—Where is Peter? I
48、 can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since. 【解析】句意:——彼得去哪兒了?我到處找不到他?!顼埡笕チ藞D書館,從那之后,一直在那里寫論文??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意,可以看出早飯之后,彼得一直在持續(xù)寫的動(dòng)作,很有可能現(xiàn)在還在持續(xù),故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【答案】has been writing 1.(2014安徽卷)23.The twins, Who their homework, were al
49、lowed to play badminton on the playground. A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】D 【解析】句義:已經(jīng)完成了他們的家庭作業(yè),這對(duì)雙胞胎被允許在操場(chǎng)上打羽毛球。根據(jù)句義可知他們完成作業(yè)是在被允許到操場(chǎng)上打羽毛球之前。而他們被允許打羽毛球已經(jīng)使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí),所以完成作業(yè)應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故D正確。 2.(2014北京卷)22. ---Hi, let’s go skating. --- Sorry,
50、 I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job. A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】C 3.(2014北京卷)23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour. A. by B. in C. for D. until 【考點(diǎn)】考察將來(lái)時(shí)和介詞使用
51、 【答案】B 【解析】本題的關(guān)鍵是the train to the airport leaves火車將要離開;在這句話里使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),表示按照車站的時(shí)間表列車進(jìn)出。實(shí)際上本句是一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí),四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里只有“in+一段時(shí)間”可以和將來(lái)時(shí)連用。句意:Jane很著急,因?yàn)槿C(jī)場(chǎng)的火車半小時(shí)以后就要出發(fā)了。故B正確。 4.(2014北京卷)31.--- What time is it? --- I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you. A. check B. checked C. will che
52、ck D. would check 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】C 【解析】本題考察的是will的一個(gè)特殊用法。句意:—現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?—我不知道??墒钦?qǐng)你稍等,我現(xiàn)在就幫你看一下。根據(jù)句意可知不可能是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,排除BD項(xiàng)。我為你去看時(shí)間屬于將要發(fā)生的事情,所以使用will表示臨時(shí)決定要做某事。故C正確。 5.(2014北京卷)32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived. A. started B. was starting C. would start D.
53、 had started 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】D 【解析】句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)報(bào)告很難懂,因?yàn)楫?dāng)我到的時(shí)候,它已經(jīng)開始了。根據(jù)句意可知這個(gè)報(bào)告是在我到達(dá)之前就開始看,而句中我到達(dá)使用了arrived,而報(bào)告是在這之前發(fā)生的,所以使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故D正確。 6.(2014大綱卷)22. Unless extra money____, the theatre will close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】C 7.(201
54、4大綱卷)32. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】C 【解析】句義:這些報(bào)告在2012年就不見了,從那以后沒(méi)有人看見過(guò)它們。本句的關(guān)鍵詞是since自從那時(shí)。根據(jù)句義可知是指自從2012年這些文件不見是開始,到現(xiàn)在為止沒(méi)有人看見。Since經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的。故C正確。 8.(2014福建卷)23.—Hav
55、en't seen you for ages! Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. A. stayed B. stay C. had stayed D. am staying 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】A 【解析】句義:—很久沒(méi)有看見你了!你到哪里去了?—我去了寧夏,并在那里待了一年時(shí)間,作教書的志愿者。本句只是敘述我過(guò)去在寧夏待了一年,沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。而且也沒(méi)有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)
56、回來(lái)了。所以不需要使用完成時(shí),使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)陳述事實(shí)即可。故A正確。 9.(2014湖南卷)28. Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful. A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】B 【解析】本題考察時(shí)態(tài),關(guān)鍵詞是since….自從…;since引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)常要和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以及現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。句義:自從人類開始搞園藝活動(dòng)到現(xiàn)在,我們一直都
57、在讓我們的環(huán)境更美麗。本句使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和反復(fù)性。故B正確。 10.(2014湖南卷)34. Whenever you , a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view. A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】D 11.(2014江蘇卷)23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanj
58、ing? —Well, the media _________it in a variety of forms. A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】C 【解析】句意:—你對(duì)即將在南京舉行的青奧會(huì)了解多少?—很好,媒體以多種形式對(duì)青奧會(huì)舉行了報(bào)道。根據(jù)本句中的well,可知后者對(duì)青奧會(huì)很了解。這主要是因?yàn)槊襟w多種形式的報(bào)道,本句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)體現(xiàn)出過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。故C正確。 12.(2014江西卷)24.----Tony , why are your eyes red ? --
59、-I __ up peppers for the last five minutes . A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】D 13.(2014山東卷)1. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______. A. will expect B. are expecting C. expect D. had expected 【考點(diǎn)
60、】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】D 【解析】本題考察的時(shí)態(tài)。句義:手工寫下所有的邀請(qǐng)函要比我們預(yù)料的花去更多的時(shí)間。根據(jù)句義可知我們預(yù)料是在實(shí)際上寫之前發(fā)生的,而本句中實(shí)際寫花去的時(shí)間使用了過(guò)去時(shí)was,所以expect使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故D正確。 14.(2014山東卷)5. They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs. A. bought B. would buy C. have bought D. had bought 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】B 【解析】本
61、題考察的是時(shí)態(tài)。句義:他們決定,一旦larry 換了工作,他們就買一個(gè)新房子。本句中的would表示的是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。他們是在過(guò)去決定一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的事情,所以使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。故B正確。 15.(2014陜西卷)22. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________, A. would recommend B. had recommended C. have recommended D. were recommending 【
62、考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】B 【解析】句義:在Jerry待在西安期間,他嘗試了他的朋友向他推薦的幾乎所有的食物。根據(jù)句義可知他的朋友向他推薦食物是在Jeery嘗試的食物之前,句中已經(jīng)使用了tried,所以推薦使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故B正確。 16.(2014四川卷)9. She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away. A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned 【考點(diǎn)】考察上下文語(yǔ)境時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】C 【解析】句意:她正
63、在和一個(gè)人打電話,于是我向她點(diǎn)了下頭便走了。根據(jù)后句I nodded to her and went away“我只向她點(diǎn)了下頭”說(shuō)明她正在打電話。所以使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的事情。故C正確。 17.(2014天津卷)11. We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________. A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】C 18.(2014浙江卷 )11. Sofi
64、a looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】B 【解析】句意:Sofia回顧四周所有的臉龐,她有印象她之前見過(guò)大部分的客人。根據(jù)句意可知她見過(guò)這么多的客人是在她擁有這個(gè)印象之前發(fā)生的事情,本句中had說(shuō)明看見這么多客人應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故B正確。 1
65、9.(2014重慶卷 )4. You’d better write down her phone number before you ___ it . A.forget B. are forgetting C.forgot D. will gorget 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】A 【解析】本題考察的是時(shí)態(tài)題中的一個(gè)??嫉挠梅?。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,常常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。本句中的連詞before引導(dǎo)的就是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,所以使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。句意:在你忘記之前最好把他的電話號(hào)碼寫下來(lái)。故A正確。 20.(2014重慶卷 )8.James has just
66、 arrived, but I didn’t know he ___until yesterday. A. will come B.was coming C. had come D. came 【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài) 【答案】B 【解析】本題考察的是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法。當(dāng)表示事先計(jì)劃好的,安排好的要發(fā)生的事情,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一些表示位置變化的動(dòng)詞,如:leave, come等的時(shí)候,可以使用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。句意:James已經(jīng)到了,但是知道昨天我才知道他要來(lái)。根據(jù)句意可知他要來(lái)這里是計(jì)劃好的事情,且動(dòng)詞come表示的是位置變化。故B正確。 (2013·新課標(biāo)I卷)27. When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ________ my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)定位】本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。 (2013·新課標(biāo)I卷)24. If we ________
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