2018年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題14 閱讀理解講學(xué)案（含解析）

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1、 專(zhuān)題14 閱讀理解 高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱明確規(guī)定“側(cè)重提高閱讀能力”，這為我們的備考指明了方向。分析近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)試題，我們不難看出，閱讀理解是高考試題中難度最大，區(qū)分度最高的題型，自始至終占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位。閱讀理解能力屬于語(yǔ)言的領(lǐng)會(huì)技能，它不僅考查對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、準(zhǔn)確理解特定細(xì)節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的能力。不僅要準(zhǔn)確理解文章表層的意思，還要通過(guò)表層去推理、判斷。除此之外，還涉及非語(yǔ)言因素，如：對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)言國(guó)家的社會(huì)和文化背景知識(shí)的掌握、生活常識(shí)、邏輯知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言修養(yǎng)等。 Ⅰ.閱讀理解題策略 一、先看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。 即先看試題，再讀文章。閱讀題干，首先要

2、掌握問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。 二、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。 近幾年的高考閱讀速度大約是每分鐘40詞左右。必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。速讀全文對(duì)于主旨大意題的解決尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，確定好答案。 三、詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，理順?biāo)悸放c文章脈絡(luò)。 文章絕不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循

3、。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時(shí)間或空間為線(xiàn)索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局展開(kāi)故事；議論文則包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過(guò)解釋、舉例來(lái)闡述觀點(diǎn)。 四、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。 深層理解主要包括歸納概括題(中心思想，加標(biāo)題等)和推理判斷題，是閱讀理解中的難點(diǎn)。深層理解是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)。它必須忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索為依據(jù)，立足已知推斷未知，不能憑空想像，隨意揣測(cè)；讀者要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。 五、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

4、猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)閱讀的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線(xiàn)索確定詞義。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題及原因分析 問(wèn)題一：已經(jīng)找對(duì)了題干與原文對(duì)應(yīng)處，為何還做錯(cuò)？ 原因： ①精確定位：要看清真正的問(wèn)題，即用信息詞定位之后，要看清句子邏輯關(guān)系，弄清意思。 ②學(xué)會(huì)看選項(xiàng)的方法： a．找最貼近原文意思的選項(xiàng)； b．去除選項(xiàng)間的相同信息，專(zhuān)門(mén)關(guān)注區(qū)別點(diǎn)； c．分清褒貶； d．分清程度大小，強(qiáng)烈關(guān)注選項(xiàng)中表內(nèi)容的單詞； e．看清范圍，分清

5、是整體還是局部。 考點(diǎn)一、主旨大意題 1．主旨大意題常分為兩類(lèi)：(1)選出文章最佳標(biāo)題；(2)概括文章或段落大意。 2．主旨大意題主要考查對(duì)文章進(jìn)行概括或總結(jié)的能力，它要求在閱讀短文時(shí)，能夠提煉文章的中心思想，體會(huì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，充分運(yùn)用邏輯概括能力，透過(guò)字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、論點(diǎn)及作者的情感傾向。研讀近幾年高考閱讀理解，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)主旨大意類(lèi)的考查占有相當(dāng)重要的地位。 【方法技巧】主旨大意題的三種思路： ①尋找主題句，確定文章大意。在許多情況下，尤其是在閱讀說(shuō)明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過(guò)尋找短文的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題。 主題句在文章中的位置通常有三

6、種情況：開(kāi)頭、中間、結(jié)尾(或在開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句)，因此，仔細(xì)閱讀這類(lèi)文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨概括類(lèi)試題多采用瀏覽法，即瀏覽文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重點(diǎn)搜索主題信息。 ②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。尋找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在尋找各段落中心句的基礎(chǔ)上。各段落中心句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，不能僅依據(jù)只言片語(yǔ)或某一段落，而應(yīng)該觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章濃墨重筆的“重心”，考慮文章的材料及支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么，分析故事情節(jié)圍繞什么發(fā)展，最后用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來(lái)。 ③抓住文章主線(xiàn)和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，歸納文章中

7、心。不是所有的段落都有主題句，有時(shí)主題句隱含在段落中。閱讀這樣的文章，就需要自己根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析，繼而概括出段落的主題，推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。 考點(diǎn)二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題 1．此類(lèi)題型一般分兩種情況；直接事實(shí)題(在原文中可直接找到答案，常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)型有對(duì)號(hào)入座題、是非判斷題、語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題、表格理解題等)以及間接事實(shí)題(需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)意上的轉(zhuǎn)換)。 2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。有些問(wèn)題，考生可以直接從文中找到明確的答案，但有些則需要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將

8、有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行處理，如計(jì)算、排序、判斷、比較等。 【技巧歸納】 做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也最常用的方法是題干定位法。一般在原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定答案。此類(lèi)題通常用一些疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)提問(wèn)，或是判斷正誤。 點(diǎn)撥：細(xì)節(jié)理解題的三個(gè)步驟： ①瀏覽全文，了解信息?？焖偻ㄗx全文，大致了解不同信息間的差異，為解決問(wèn)題做好信息儲(chǔ)備。 ②抓關(guān)鍵詞，快速尋讀。根據(jù)題目要求，從題干中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，以此為線(xiàn)索，通過(guò)略讀和尋讀的方法快速而準(zhǔn)確地在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息，找到后仔細(xì)閱讀，反復(fù)品味，認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)和文中細(xì)節(jié)，在準(zhǔn)確理解該細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定答案。

9、③回讀信息，驗(yàn)證答案。確定答案后，必須回讀原文，再一次根據(jù)原文中的信息對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。 總之，對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，我們要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀、查讀等技巧，在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句，仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較，確定答案。 考點(diǎn)三、詞義猜測(cè)題 1．詞義猜測(cè)題的常見(jiàn)形式： (1)直接對(duì)某個(gè)陌生的詞匯進(jìn)行理解； (2)對(duì)文中的某個(gè)代詞確認(rèn)指代的對(duì)象； (3)對(duì)多義詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行文中含義的精確定義； (4)對(duì)英語(yǔ)中特有的表達(dá)、格言、諺語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行直接的或解釋性的描述。 2．詞義猜測(cè)題是從特定的角度考查考生的閱讀理解和處理生詞的能力，它包括對(duì)詞、詞組和句意的理解。詞義猜測(cè)不僅是一項(xiàng)閱讀技巧，也是高考閱

10、讀能力考查的一個(gè)方面。 【方法技巧】詞義猜測(cè)題的三大突破 1．根據(jù)定義猜測(cè)詞義。如果生詞由定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)(同位語(yǔ)前常有or，similarly，that is to say，in rather words，namely，or rather，say等)或同位語(yǔ)從句來(lái)定義，或使用破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)后的內(nèi)容或引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容加以解釋?zhuān)斫膺@些定義或解釋就是在理解詞義。 2．根據(jù)對(duì)比、比較關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。在一個(gè)句子或段落中如有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或兩種現(xiàn)象的對(duì)比性描述，我們可以從生詞的對(duì)立面猜測(cè)其詞義。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite o

11、f，in contrast等。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)有：while引導(dǎo)的并列句。表示比較關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。 3．通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。生詞的前綴、后綴、復(fù)合詞的各部分，詞性的變化都可以暗示出詞義。 注意 ①不管這個(gè)詞多超綱，根據(jù)上下文都能得出其意思； ②不管這個(gè)詞多熟悉，都要通過(guò)上下文得出其在特定場(chǎng)合的意思。 考點(diǎn)四、推理判斷題 1．推理判斷題的考查形式通常為： 推斷隱含含義；推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；推斷寫(xiě)作目的和意圖；推斷文章的出處；推斷文章中人物的性格態(tài)度等。 2．推理判斷題主要考查考生在理解全文的

12、基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷的能力。 【方法技巧】推理判斷題的五大技巧： 1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段話(huà)中的關(guān)鍵信息，如關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話(huà)所隱含的深層含義。 2．整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷。做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的信息，綜合推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。 3．利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行推斷。幾乎每篇文章的語(yǔ)境都有一定的褒貶性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，因此利用好這一點(diǎn)，就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯

13、判斷。 4．根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度。作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。 5．根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。 考點(diǎn)五、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題 解答此類(lèi)題目首先要了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，從段落組織方式上看，有三種形式：總分式結(jié)構(gòu)(總→分→總；總→分；分→總)、并列式結(jié)構(gòu)(段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對(duì)獨(dú)立)、對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)(結(jié)構(gòu)形式是一正一反)。要想準(zhǔn)確深刻地理解一篇文章，必須對(duì)

14、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握文章的脈搏，特別是把握段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后分析作者采用了什么論證手段證明主題，從而正確解答試題。近幾年還有些試題考查全文或某一段落是以什么樣的形式展開(kāi)論述的，一般來(lái)說(shuō)有的按事情發(fā)展的順序，有的按時(shí)間的先后順序，有的按人物的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，還有的按地點(diǎn)或空間的位置變換，閱讀時(shí)要特別注意。 1.【2017·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】A Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store

15、 while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome. ◆Hungry Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack opt

16、ions, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes. ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information

17、Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required. ◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(熱情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technolo

18、gy. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and o

19、ther social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A. In Building 1. B. In Building 3. C. At the last Dome. D. At the Denny Way entrance. 22. What does Pacific Science Cen

20、ter do for schools? A. Train Science teachers. B. Distribute science books. C. Distribute scientific research. D. Take science to the classroom. 23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A. To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events. C. To introduce special exhibits.

21、D. To tell about the Center’s history. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【解析】本文是一篇廣告應(yīng)用文。文章主要從購(gòu)物點(diǎn)、就餐點(diǎn)、租借服務(wù)三方面介紹了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center為人們做的貢獻(xiàn)，呼吁人們的支持。 1．B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.可知，Pacific Science Center的購(gòu)物點(diǎn)在Laster D

22、ome旁邊的3號(hào)樓的樓上。故選B。 3．A 寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.可知，作者呼吁讀者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)橹峁椭?，做貢獻(xiàn)。故選A。 2.【2017·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】B I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Loc

23、ust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(貓頭鷹) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old

24、owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick(雛鳥(niǎo)) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket

25、was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These adv

26、ertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The hom

27、eowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. 4．What is una

28、voidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1? A. Efforts?made?in?vain. B. Getting?injured?in?his?work. C. Feeling?uncertain?about?his?future. D. Creatures?forced?out?of?their?homes. 5．Why?was?the?author?called?to?Muttontown? A. To?rescue?a?woman. B. To?take?care?of?a?woman.

29、C. To?look?at?a?baby?owl. D. To?cure?a?young?owl. 6．What?made?the?chick?calm?down? A. A?new?nest. B. Some?food. C. A?recording. D. Its?parents. 7．How?would?the?author?feel?about?the?outcome?of?the?event? A. It’s?unexpected. B. It’s?beautiful. C. It’s?humorous. D. It’s?discouraging. 【答案

30、】 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了救助小動(dòng)物并沒(méi)有那么簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)槟闼龅木戎袨榈阶詈罂赡芏汲闪藷o(wú)用功。但無(wú)論結(jié)果怎樣，救助小動(dòng)物的這種行為是美好的。本文主要介紹了作者救助一只小貓頭鷹，給它做新的窩，幫助它回到父母身邊的故事。 4．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知，救助受傷動(dòng)物是令人心碎的，因?yàn)椴恢谰戎膭?dòng)物是否能活下去，也就是為救助動(dòng)物而

31、花費(fèi)的努力可能會(huì)白費(fèi)，這是不可避免的。故選A。 6．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down可知，在作者把小貓頭鷹放在窩里之后，它很快就安靜下來(lái)，所以是窩讓小貓頭鷹安靜下來(lái)的。故選A。 7．B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文描述可知作者為小貓頭鷹做了窩，并且?guī)椭一亓怂母改浮Ｐ∝堫^鷹的父母還為它帶回了午餐。作者的救助成功了，說(shuō)明結(jié)局是美好的。再結(jié)合第一段的However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推測(cè)，作者感覺(jué)很美好。故選B。

32、4.【2017·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】D A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸餾器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary e

33、quipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a nea

34、t little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in

35、 place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圓錐體)

36、with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸發(fā)) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down t

37、he material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 11．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expen

38、sive. C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable. 12．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup. 13．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still? A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the c

39、up in place. C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 14．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form . A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet 【答案】 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．D 【解析】本文是

40、一篇科普文章。文章主要介紹了一種自己可以親手制作的簡(jiǎn)單易行的太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器的方法和它的工作原理。這種蒸餾器所需的材料簡(jiǎn)單，適用于任何缺水的地方。 12．B 猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)文章Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity可知，最好在潮濕的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮濕地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一個(gè)杯子，杯子上方用覆蓋膜遮擋。整個(gè)裝置構(gòu)成接水器，而不是某個(gè)部分。這一題很容易錯(cuò)選D。就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事實(shí)并不會(huì)因?yàn)橹車(chē)沫h(huán)境變化而變化，

41、杯子的工作效率是不變的。故選B。 14．D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸發(fā)) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知，地下水蒸發(fā)，在覆蓋膜上聚集起來(lái)直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆蓋膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆蓋膜的下面。故選D。 10.【2017·新課標(biāo)III】B Minutes after the last movie ended ye

42、sterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group be

43、gan removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end. The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old bu

44、ilding. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the thea

45、ter’s location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town,” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.” Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans

46、 were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. The theater audience said good-by as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaz

47、a Theater has shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. 24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special? A. It made room for new equipment. B. It signaled the closedown of the theater. C. It was done with the help of the audience. D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the th

48、eater. 25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on? A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was about the history of the town. C. The audience requested it. D. The theater owner found it suitable. 26. What will probably happen to the building? A. It will be repaired. B.

49、It will be turned into a museum. C. It will be knocked down. D. It will be sold to the city government. 27. What can we infer about the audience? A. They are disappointed with Bradford. B. They are sad to part with the old theater. C. They are supportive of the city officials.

50、 D. They are eager to have a shopping center. 【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一家具有75年歷史的劇院因?yàn)椴焕牡乩砦恢煤同F(xiàn)代劇院的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而面臨著不得不關(guān)門(mén)，轉(zhuǎn)手出售的故事。 24．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段第三、四句可知，這次散場(chǎng)后的清理工作與之前不同的是工人不僅清理走垃圾，而且還挪走了座椅和其他劇院的設(shè)備，為了劇院的轉(zhuǎn)賣(mài)和拆遷。 26. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段末句“which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.”可以推

51、斷這個(gè)劇院將被拆除，取而代之的是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的購(gòu)物中心。 27.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.”可知，人們非常難過(guò)，不愿意看到老劇院被拆掉。 11.【2017·新課標(biāo)III】C After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves we

52、re caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By t

53、he 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (來(lái)源) for the wolf – grew

54、rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers. As early as 196

55、6,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 ye

56、ars coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and re

57、d fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 28.What is the text mainly about? A. Wildlife research in the United States. B. Plant diversity in the Yellowsto

58、ne area. C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 29.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down. 30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？

59、 A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the park’s income. C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals. 31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring. 【文章大意】本文是

60、一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了美國(guó)黃石公園重新引進(jìn)灰狼的事情。因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)活動(dòng)影響到灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少，鹿群數(shù)量逐漸增加，從而造成植被遭到大量破壞。 28．主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山指出黃石公園引進(jìn)灰狼的舉措，之后在下文詳細(xì)介紹了原因以及帶來(lái)的良好的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)，由此判斷本文主要是關(guān)于美國(guó)黃石公園對(duì)灰狼的引進(jìn)。故選D。 30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，灰狼的減少造成了鹿群的增多，從而植被遭到了破壞；而且紅狐和海貍也不斷減少，由此推斷灰狼的消失引起了當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)的破壞。故選A。 31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末段末句可知，作者認(rèn)為引進(jìn)灰狼的項(xiàng)目是很有價(jià)值的實(shí)驗(yàn)，是很值得推廣的?？芍髡邔?duì)黃石公園引進(jìn)灰狼的態(tài)度是”積

61、極的，贊成的“，故選B。 12.【2017·新課標(biāo)III】D The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. Research shows that giving up d

62、riving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔絕) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue dri

63、ving into later life. These include custom-made navigation(導(dǎo)航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the free

64、dom to get out and about without having to rely on others.” “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop

65、 driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. “For example, most of us

66、 would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that. “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解決方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.” 32.What is the purpose of the Drivel A