2019高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法突破四大篇 第一部分 專題1 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)講義

《2019高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法突破四大篇 第一部分 專題1 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)講義》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2019高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法突破四大篇 第一部分 專題1 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)講義（16頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、專題1 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法填空中的考查 在語(yǔ)法填空中，動(dòng)詞的考查主要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、語(yǔ)氣、主謂一致等。近三年全國(guó)卷最常考的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)或者主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，并會(huì)涉及主謂一致與虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞還未考過(guò)；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常會(huì)涉及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其基本形式：to do(即to＋原形)，doing(即-ing形式)，done(即-ed形式)。 應(yīng)對(duì)策略 1.句中若缺少謂語(yǔ)，注意要考慮所給動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (1)判斷時(shí)態(tài)首先要確定時(shí)間，然后根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)來(lái)判斷應(yīng)該運(yùn)用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。有時(shí)也可以根據(jù)空格后和該句中已

2、經(jīng)存在的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的并列關(guān)系來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。 (2)句中缺少謂語(yǔ)，且與主語(yǔ)存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，考慮根據(jù)時(shí)間和動(dòng)作存在的方式，確定相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意：只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2.如果句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并確定所給動(dòng)詞要填寫(xiě)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮是v.-ing形式、過(guò)去分詞形式還是動(dòng)詞不定式。 分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何成分，再根據(jù)各非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)確定填哪種形式。 (1)對(duì)于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，熟記?？嫉暮蟾欢ㄊ阶髻e語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞以及一些?？季涫健? (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示方式、伴隨或自然而然的結(jié)果，且與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。另外，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作狀語(yǔ)，往往表示動(dòng)

3、作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)或相繼發(fā)生；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，往往表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行；動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；此外，應(yīng)熟記能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 (3)過(guò)去分詞可作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)與完成；若作表語(yǔ)?？夹稳菰~化的過(guò)去分詞；過(guò)去分詞不可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 (4)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要考慮與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要考慮與復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系。 3.對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法填空中的考查，主要注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般用法以及“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”；而對(duì)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查除了注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選用，還需

4、注意一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的考查。 動(dòng)詞在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查 短文改錯(cuò)中對(duì)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查點(diǎn)常會(huì)涉及上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)漏掉be動(dòng)詞或過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式混淆錯(cuò)誤，句中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且無(wú)連詞的錯(cuò)誤；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤常會(huì)涉及本該用不定式或動(dòng)名詞卻用了動(dòng)詞原形，不定式符號(hào)to的多用或少用也常考，在介詞或某些動(dòng)詞后本應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞的卻用了動(dòng)詞原形、本應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的卻用了過(guò)去分詞等。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查常涉及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤或be動(dòng)詞遺漏，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞混用或虛擬語(yǔ)氣中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及時(shí)態(tài)的錯(cuò)用。 應(yīng)對(duì)策略 做動(dòng)詞類改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，需注意以下幾個(gè)方面： 1.判斷一般現(xiàn)

5、在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)是否錯(cuò)用； 2.and，but，so，or等并列連詞前后的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致； 3.除了時(shí)態(tài)，還要注意主謂是否一致，尤其是第三人稱單數(shù)形式是否錯(cuò)用； 4.看謂語(yǔ)部分是否缺少動(dòng)詞，特別是be動(dòng)詞； 5.看主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是否錯(cuò)用； 6.作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)不能用動(dòng)詞原形，通常改為-ing形式或不定式； 7.熟記其后只能接-ing或只能接to do作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞； 8.介詞后要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。注意區(qū)分to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)； 9.熟記一些固定短語(yǔ)和句式中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式； 10.根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系來(lái)確定用-ing形式還是用-ed形式； 11.別混淆謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

6、詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞； 12.看句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否運(yùn)用正確； 13.看是否考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣；若是考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，注意分清主句與從句中的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系以及不同句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣構(gòu)成形式。 專題1　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式 一般 進(jìn)行 完成 完成進(jìn)行 現(xiàn)在 主動(dòng) do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 被動(dòng) am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been done 過(guò)去 主動(dòng) did was/were

7、 doing had done had been doing 被動(dòng) was/were done was/were being done had been done 將來(lái) 主動(dòng) shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 被動(dòng) shall/will be done shall/will be being done shall/will have been done 過(guò)去將來(lái) 主動(dòng) should/would do should/wo

8、uld be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 被動(dòng) should/would be done should/would be being done should/would have been done 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式： 1.動(dòng)詞原形 2.動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) 3.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 4.動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 5.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的核心考點(diǎn) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 (1)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)。 Time and tide wait for n

9、o man. (2)表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 Ice feels cold. These oranges taste good. They always care for each other and help each other. (3)表示知覺(jué)、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等。 He likes his

10、bike. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. (4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。 I’ll write to her when I have time. (5)少數(shù)用于表示起止或轉(zhuǎn)移等的動(dòng)詞如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The shop closes at 11：00

11、 p.m.every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. 2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 (1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示)；用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事。 We met her in the street yesterday. When he was young，he took cold baths regularly. I didn’t expect to see you studying at the library. (2)如果從句中有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，盡

12、管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用過(guò)去時(shí)。 He told me he read an interesting novel last night. (3)表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，由以下詞語(yǔ)連接，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，the minute等。 He bought a watch but lost it. The moment she came in，she told me what had happened to her. (4)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型。 Why didn’t

13、you think of that? I didn’t notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didn’t recognize him. 3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 (1)表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow，next week等。 We will have a meeting tomorrow. (2)表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come，go，start，begin，leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來(lái)時(shí)。

14、 The students are leaving on Sunday. (3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)方式be going to do，be to do，be about to do的用法及區(qū)別： ①be going to do在口語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能發(fā)生某事，也可用來(lái)表示自然現(xiàn)象。 The railway is going to be open on October 1st. ②be to do表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3：00 o’clock this

15、afternoon. You’re to be back before five o’clock. ③be about to do表示“即將，正要”，后面不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 注意：be going to do表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事，這種打算往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；shall/will do表示未事先考慮過(guò)，即說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。be going to do表將來(lái)，不能用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中；而will do則能，表意愿。 If it is fine，we’ll go fishing

16、.[√] If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.[×] 4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 (1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是講話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；表示近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃；go，come等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)；與always，often等頻度副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩。 He is working on a paper. She is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr Wang tonight. We are le

17、aving on Friday. The girl is always talking loud in public. (2)下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 ①表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。 ②表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。 ③表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。 ④表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see，hear，notic

18、e，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。 5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for，since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語(yǔ)連用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks...)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。 (2)下列句型中常用

19、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is(has been)＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句 This(That/It) is the first(second...) time that＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting...＋that＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (3)在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment，you will realize the th

20、eory better. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 (1)常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的幾種情況。 ①在by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句的句子中。 By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. ②表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hoped/

21、planned/meant/intended/ thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned...＋to have done。 We had planned to finish the work before dark，but we were held up by a heavy rain. ③“時(shí)間名詞＋before”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞＋ago”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years

22、 before. Xiao Hua left school three years ago. ④在hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...句式中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“一……就……”。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。 We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. (2)在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)

23、代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 After he (had) left the room，the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed. 8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 He always said that he would study hard at that time. 9.注意幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別 (1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： ①時(shí)間上有差異：凡含有過(guò)去時(shí)間的，如ago，last year，just now，the other da

24、y等均用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 ②結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)關(guān)系。 (2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語(yǔ)連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作(“連謂”)的形式則只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可。 動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的核心考點(diǎn) 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be＋過(guò)去分詞，口語(yǔ)中也用“get/become＋過(guò)去分詞”表示。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒(méi)必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略)。 1.使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)

25、問(wèn)題 (1)主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)雙賓語(yǔ)的變化。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. (2)主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)成主語(yǔ)；(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的)不定式前需加to(位置不變)。 The boss made him work all day long. He was made

26、to work all day long (by the boss). (3)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. (4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e＋過(guò)去分詞”。 We can repair this watch in two days. This watc

27、h can be repaired in two days. (5)當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：①謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。②用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。 類似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that... 2.不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況 (1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。 (2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last，hold，con

28、tain，fit，cost等。 (3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have，own，belong to等。 (4)表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。 (5)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (6)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 3.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 (1)當(dāng)feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作為不及物動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、

29、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。 The fish smells good. This kind of cloth washes easily. These novels won’t sell well. My pen writes smoothly. The door won’t lock. (2)當(dāng)happen，occur，break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。 The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turned

30、off. (3)want，require，need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 (4)be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 (5)在“be＋形容詞＋to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with. 注意：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。 4.被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況 be seated坐著；be hidden躲藏；be lost迷路；

31、be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿著 5.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 此處的系表結(jié)構(gòu)指“連系動(dòng)詞＋用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，它與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣。要注意它們的區(qū)別： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。 The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) The book is well sold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 1.中式英語(yǔ)比比皆是 2.句子沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)謂語(yǔ) 3.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及系動(dòng)詞be的亂用 考向1　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.Wh

32、ile running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。 2.Since 2011，the country has?grown(grow) more corn than rice.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”

33、意為“自從(過(guò)去某時(shí))以來(lái)”，表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過(guò)程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。故填has grown。 3.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature，the huge animal meant(mean) me no real harm.He was just saying：“I’m king of this forest，and here is your reminder！”(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　由was just saying可知，此處事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 4.Susan had quit her well-paid j

34、ob and was?working(work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(2018·北京) 解析　句意為：蘇姍已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作。去年當(dāng)我探望她的時(shí)候，她正在一個(gè)社區(qū)里做志愿者。蘇姍辭職發(fā)生在她當(dāng)志愿者之前，had quit是過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)通俗地說(shuō)就是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，且結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when I visited her last year可知，蘇姍做志愿者是過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間段發(fā)生的情況，故該空應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 5.Hopefully in 2025 we will no l

35、onger be e-mailing each other，for we will?have?developed(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.(2018·江蘇) 解析　句意為：希望在2025年，我們有望不再互相發(fā)電子郵件，因?yàn)榈侥菚r(shí)候我們將開(kāi)發(fā)出更方便的電子通信工具。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 2025，可知用將來(lái)時(shí)；再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by then(到那時(shí))，可知用完成時(shí)。結(jié)合兩者可知用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 6.Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer

36、now.But at the moment，school comes(come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　此處為陳述客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 7.Pahlsson and her husband searched(search) the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing.(2017·浙江) 解析　該句中but后的turned up使用了過(guò)去式，search是與之并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故也應(yīng)使用過(guò)去式。 Ⅱ.單句

37、改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I a big change there.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　根據(jù)During my last winter holiday可知，事件發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去時(shí)。故將find改成found。 2.I didn’t realize how right my parents until I entered high school.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　根據(jù)

38、上下文語(yǔ)境可知此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故把a(bǔ)re改為were。 3.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders，but once I started the car，my mind blank.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　文章描述過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷，上文使用了相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，這里應(yīng)保持一致，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以把goes改為went。 4.When summer ，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! (20

39、17·全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　該句為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用的將來(lái)時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 5.I grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　由in the past few years可知句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 6.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even to wait outside.My uncle tells me that...(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解

40、析　根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 7.I that it is a good idea.It does not cost much，yet we can still learn a lot.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　根據(jù)下文可知，此處并不是過(guò)去的看法，而是現(xiàn)在的看法，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 8.At first，I thought I knew everything...However，my parents didn’t seem to think so.They always me what to do and how to do it.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　根

41、據(jù)上文可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 9.While they ，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit on the top of the fridge. (2016·浙江) 解析　根據(jù)主句內(nèi)容my father would lift my sister 可知while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故把chat改為chatted。 10.Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We up early in the morning.Dad cleaned t

42、he house，and then went shopping.(2016·四川) 解析　由前句中的planned和后句中的cleaned，went可知此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 考向2　動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had?been?trapped (trap) in the mountains for two days.(2018·北京) 解析　句意為：一個(gè)救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)挽救了兩個(gè)被困在山里兩天的旅游者?！皐ho ?????? in the mountains for

43、 two days”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾two tourists，two tourists和trap之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，該空應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由risked可知，營(yíng)救人員救游客是過(guò)去的事情，被困兩天發(fā)生在營(yíng)救人員救了他們之前，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，該空應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 2.My washing machine is?being?repaired(repair) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018·天津) 解析　句意為：我的洗衣機(jī)本周正在修理，因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。my washing machine與repair之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系

44、，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；再根據(jù)后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知洗衣機(jī)正在被修，需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 3.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had?been?carried(carry) out in the past two years.(2018·江蘇) 解析　句意為：上個(gè)月我被派到那個(gè)村子里去看了看在過(guò)去的兩年里這個(gè)發(fā)展計(jì)劃實(shí)施得怎么樣了。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last month和in the past two years可知，空格處所用的動(dòng)詞carry out發(fā)生在sent之前，所以是“過(guò)

45、去的過(guò)去”，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4.When fat and salt are?removed(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. (2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由于主語(yǔ)fat and salt是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且與remove是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)are removed。 5.Sarah has?been?told/was?told(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel，earni

46、ng a million dollars in the next year. (2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國(guó)新的超模，可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 6.So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I was?allowed(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre ce

47、ntre.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及allow sb.to do sth.這一用法可知，此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。 7.Truly elegant chopsticks might be?made(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. (2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　根據(jù)句意筷子是被制造的。此處為含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)might be done。 8.The giant panda is?loved(love) by people throughout the world.(2016·四川) 解析　大熊貓

48、為世界各地的人們所喜愛(ài)是個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；panda此處表示單數(shù)概念，與love之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填is loved。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.About one month after this photo was ，I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”，take的過(guò)去分詞是taken。 2.Every day he makes sure that

49、 fresh vegetables and high quality oil are for cooking. (2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　fresh vegetables and high quality oil與use之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。be used for被用于。 3.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. (2015·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　studies與show之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以刪除been。 題組一　動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)集訓(xùn) Ⅰ.單

50、句語(yǔ)法填空 1.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention. 2.By the time you have finished this book，your meal will?get(get) cold. 3.I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am?doing(do). 4.Did you predict that many students would?sign(sig

51、n) up for the dance competition? 5.In order to find the missing child，villagers have?been?doing(do) all they can over the past five hours. 6.This is the first time we have?seen(see) a film in the cinema together as a family. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.As I you last time，I made three new friends here.

52、 2.The teacher told us that the sun in the east. 3.I was only four when she away. 4.I knew that they be worried about me because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. 5.Thank you for all you done for me.Mom，though I may not often say it，I do love you. 題組二　動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)集訓(xùn)

53、 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.If you listen to rap music，you will notice how the lyrics(歌詞) are?spoken(speak) in the background of the songs. 2.Such a thing has never been?heard(hear) of before. 3.Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now will?be?repaid(repay) later in life. 4.Great changes have?taken(take) plac

54、e in our school since 2010. 5.The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project had?been?finished(finish) by the students independently. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.A talk on American culture will be in the school hall this weekend. 2.When you get the paper back，pay special attention t

55、o what have marked. 3.The baby was taken good care by the baby-sitter. 4.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is rebuilt. 5.I still remember the soup made by my grandmother was tasted so delicious that the whole family enjoyed it. Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專練) A uni

56、versity graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman 1.is?seeking(seek) professional help after being convicted of(證明有……罪) shoplifting for the second time in six months. Aha Luz，recently studying for PhD 2.has?been?told(tell) she would end up behind bars unless she can control the de

57、sire to steal from shops. Luz，who 3.lives(live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Road，Cambridge,4.admitted(admit) stealing clothes worth 9.95 pounds from Lewis in Oxford Street，London，on March 9. Philip Lomoyne，prosecuting(起訴)，said Luz 5.selected(select) some clothes from a display and 6.took(take)

58、them to the ladies’ toilet in the store.When she came out again she 7.was?wearing(wear) one of the skirts she 8.had?selected(select)，having taken off the anti-theft security alarm. She 9.was?stopped(stop) and caught after leaving the store without paying，Mr Lomoyne said.He added that she was upset on her arrest and 10.apologized(apologize) for her actions. 16