2022年高中英語(yǔ) Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage-Period 3練習(xí) 外研版選修7

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1、2022年高中英語(yǔ) Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage-Period 3練習(xí) 外研版選修7 ■Goals ● To master the usage of the subjunctive mood ● To consolidate by practising ■Procedures Step 1: Subjunctive 1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞一般有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣，不同的語(yǔ)氣用不同的形式來(lái)表示。 ?陳述語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)陳述事實(shí)，描述狀態(tài)，有肯定，否定，疑問(wèn)，或感嘆等形式。 如：People don’t hi

2、bernate./Are you listening to the radio？ 祈使語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議或勸告等。 如：Sit down, please./ Let me have a try. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)的話(huà)不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，一般用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)。 ?2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法： 1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法: 1表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下:? 非真實(shí)條件句 主句 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 （ be的過(guò)去式用were ） would{should, could, might} +動(dòng)詞原形 We wo

3、uld go with you if we had time. If I were you, I would consider their plan. If I knew this telephone number, I would ring him up. ?注意: should 多用于第一人稱(chēng)后。在非正式場(chǎng)合中，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，第一、二人稱(chēng)中單數(shù)現(xiàn)在用was的也不少。 If he was here, we could ask him. ?2表示和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下： 非真實(shí)條件句 主句 had+過(guò)去分詞 would{should, could, m

4、ight} +have done If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If you had e earlier, you might have met him. If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake. You wouldn’t have caught a cold if you ha

5、d put on more clothes. 3表示和將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下： ? 非真實(shí)條件句 主句 should /were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí) would{should, could, might} +動(dòng)詞原形 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldn’t go out. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. If he got there t

6、his afternoon, he would buy a map of the city. If I should be asked/were asked /were to be asked to go, I’d certainly go. ?特別注意： 1. 如非真實(shí)條件句的謂語(yǔ)含有系動(dòng)詞were或助動(dòng)詞had或should等詞，可將if省 略，而把were，had或should 放在主語(yǔ)之前，變?yōu)樘摂M倒裝句，這和帶有if的虛擬條件從句所表示的含義完全相同。 If I were you, I would get up early every morning. → Were I

7、 you, I would get up early every morning. Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train. Should there be a flood, what should we do? Were they here now, they could help us. 2. if 虛擬句的省略。 Given enough money, we could have done it much better. 3.有時(shí)

8、用介詞短語(yǔ)代替虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句。 Fish can’t live without water. 沒(méi)有水，魚(yú)就不能活。 4.if only 要是，只要，但愿 If only we could see each other once! 但愿我們能相見(jiàn)一次! If only I had listened to his advice! 我要是聽(tīng)了他的勸告就好了！ 5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的混合條件句：即條件從句和主句時(shí)態(tài)不一致。 “If I had missed” said William Tell, “and had shot too low, I was going to use thi

9、s arrow on you.” If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you could answer the question now. 2) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主從復(fù)合句中的用法: I. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法 1. wish+that 從句，表示的是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣，賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作表示的只是一種不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、要求。其中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和對(duì)應(yīng)用法如下表所述： ? 用 法 形 式 例 句 ? 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬 ? wish+從句主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)

10、去式或were I wish I knew something about programming. I wish I were as strong as you. ? 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行情況的虛擬 ?wish+從句主語(yǔ)+ were doing I wish I were sleeping. I wish it weren’t raining. ? ? 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬 wish+從句主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞 She said something unpleasant. She wishes she hadn’t said it. I wish he had got t

11、here ahead of time. ? 表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬 ? wish+從句主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形 I wish he would get younger and younger. I wish he would be more careful. ? 注意：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化而變化，而是依據(jù)從句的實(shí)際情況，可以表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，也可以表示和當(dāng)時(shí)事實(shí)相反。 I wish I knew the answer to the question. Yesterday when the teacher asked me the

12、question, I couldn’t answer it. Then I wished I knew the answer. ?2. 在suggest （建議）、demand（要求）、order（命令）、insist （堅(jiān)持）、request （請(qǐng)求）、desire （要求）、remend （建議、推薦）、propose（建議、提議）、require （要求）等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式通常用動(dòng)詞原形（美通用）或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”（英國(guó)通用）引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其基本句式為： （should） do … 主語(yǔ)+ suggest/suggested….. that sb.

13、 （should） be done… （should） not do … I suggested that we should form a spare time study group. I demand that he answer me at once. Doctor Li insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks. Mr. Wang ordered that we（should） start out immediately. ?特別注意： 1. suggest 作“暗示”，“說(shuō)明”解時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)

14、動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 如：His accent suggests that he es from Shanghai. 2. insist 表堅(jiān)持的是事實(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣 如：He insisted that we （should） discuss the question at once. （虛擬） He insisted that he had finished his homework and handed it in. （事實(shí)） 3. had hoped +that 從句 這種句型表示一種過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望, 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“would＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 如：I

15、 had hoped that Jane would bee a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science. Mike had hoped that his father would answer his letter. ?II. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它名詞性從句中的用法： 在It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/ordered/proposed/requested/decided/a pity…＋主語(yǔ)從句 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用should + do或should＋h

16、ave done形式。 It’s necessary that he should go there at once. It’s strange that she should have failed in the exam. It’s a great pity that he should be so proud. It's requested that rade Li should sing a song. It’s necessary that you should clean the office after work. It’s very important that w

17、e should ask advice of other people about our work. It’s strange that he should have left without saying goodbye. 在suggestion, order, plan, idea 等后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 My suggestion is that we should go there on Sunday. My idea is that we should send a rade to help him. His order that we finish th

18、e work in half an hour is hard to accept. ?III. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法： 1. as if （though ）引起的狀語(yǔ)從句（謂語(yǔ)形式與wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)形式相同）。 The boy talks as if he were a man. They talked as if they had been friends for years. Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied English in England. He spoke to me loudly

19、 as if I were deaf. as if 也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，放在seem，look 等系動(dòng)詞后，如果是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的事，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣． It seems as if it were /was spring already. It looks as if it were going to rain. He looks as if he were ill. 2. 由in order that, so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用may/might/can/could＋動(dòng)詞原形，來(lái)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 Let’s hand in the exercises earlier

20、so that the teacher may have time to correct them. I live so that others may live better .自己活著為的是使別人活得更好． She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her mother. She took a taxi so that she could get there in time. ?IV. 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣常見(jiàn)的其它句型: 1、“would rather ”與“had rather”表希望，后跟從句

21、用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，一般用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 I would rather you didn’t trouble him. I would rather we played basketball. I would rather you came tomorrow. 2、It is/was time （high time）+主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/should（不能省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。表示該干什么了，而沒(méi)有干。 It’s time you went to bed. It’s time she washed that dress. －I’m getting tired. －it’s time w

22、e went home. 我累了我們?cè)摶丶伊恕? It’s time you should have a class. Step 2: 鞏固練習(xí) 1. The manager’s suggestion was that the meeting __off still next week. A. be put B. to put C. should put D. be putting 2. Mother suggested that I ___ my homework first before watching TV. A. did B. shall

23、do C. do D. have done 3. The order came that the medical supplies _____to the villages struck by the tsunami soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 4. They requested that he ____ on the radio. A. spoke B. speaks C. speak D. would speak

24、5. It is important that we ____wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 6. He is talking too much about America as if he ____ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. were 7. Mother insisted that the child’s hands ____before dinner

25、. A. should wash B. be washed C. would wash D. had washed 8. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 9. ____ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Was I 10. You

26、 look so tired tonight. It’s time you ____. A. go to sheep B. went to bed C. go to bed D. will go to bed 11. ____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received 12. He smiled as if he ____

27、my thought. A. had read B. was reading C. read D. has read 13. We ____ the work on the time without your help. A. hadn’t had finished B. couldn’t have finished C. didn’t have finished D. can’t have finished 14. ----Have you ever been to Beijing? ----No, but I wish I ___. A. have B

28、. will C. do D. had 15. ----He is a very brave man. ----Yes, I wish I ____ his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have Keys: 1-5ACCCB 6-10 ABCBB 11-15 CABDB Step 3: Practice in the textbook Next let us finish the practice in the textbook. Activity 2: 1. (a)

29、2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) Activity 3: 1. The professor demanded that the government do something about it. 2. UNESCO insisted that the site be repaired as it was very serious. 3. The Academy proposed that the general public get involved. 4. The professor requested that I give them some money. 5. Someone from the Academy suggested that a fund be started to raise money.