2022年高中英語 第十五周 定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修1

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1、2022年高中英語 第十五周 定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修1 定語從句：修飾_____或_____的從句 先行詞：定語從句中被修飾的詞 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞，連接_______指代_______，在從句中作句子成分。 定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。 關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。 注What不能引導(dǎo)定語從句！ 1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 　　關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作

2、主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 1）who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如： 　 Is he the man / wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（在從句中作____） 　 He is the man / I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（在從句中作___） 2）whose 用來指人或物的所有格，例如： 　 They rushed over to help the man car had broken down

3、.　那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。 　 Please pass me the book cover is green.　請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。 3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如： 　　A prosperity / had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（在句中作_____） The package / you are carrying is about to e unwrap

4、ped. 你拿的包快散了。（在句中作______） 2.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ?、?關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如： 　 There are occasions （ ）one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。 　 Beijing is the place （ ）I was born.　北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason

5、 （ ）he refused our offer?　這就是他拒絕我們幫助他 的理由嗎？ ②關(guān)系副詞和介詞+關(guān)系代詞 1）. 介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2）. that前不能有介詞。 3）. 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。 關(guān)系副詞 先行詞的特征 與關(guān)系代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 在從句中的作用 when 表時(shí)間的名詞 on/ at/ in…+which 時(shí)間狀語 where 表具體地點(diǎn)或 抽象空間的名詞 on/ at/ in…+ which 地點(diǎn)狀語 why reason f

6、or which 原因狀語 This is the house ______ which/ ______ I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。 　 Do you remember the day ____ which/____ you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？ 注意事項(xiàng)： 1. “介詞+which/ whom”結(jié)構(gòu)中，which用于指代物，whom用于指代人。如： The man to whom I am sending an e-mail is my business p

7、artner. The pen with which you are writing is Mary’s. 2. “介詞+which/ whom”結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇一般取決于先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配、從句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞等的習(xí)慣搭配以及從句的意義。如： She didn’t give the reason_____ / _____ which she was late for school again. The girl _____ whom you talked at the meeting is a college student. The thing about/ of

8、 which Mr. Johnson was not sure was the young man’s honesty. 3. 在定語從句中，含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。如： The machine which I have looked after for twenty years is still working well. 4. 在定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which作介詞的賓語時(shí)，既可以把介詞放在which之前（正式語體），也可以放在從句的末尾（非正式語體）。當(dāng)介詞放在定語從句末尾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可用which，也可用that。如： Luckily, we

9、’d brought a road map without which we would have lost our way. It is a thing (that/ which) I have dreamed of and worked for. 3.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 　 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： 　 This is the mountain village I stayed last year. 　 This is the

10、mountain village I visited last year. 　 I'll never forget the days I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。 　 I'll never forget the days I spent in the countryside. 　習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 　 方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇。 e.g. 1

11、. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? 　 A. where　 B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one e.g. 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. 　 A. where　 B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one 答案：例1 ____，例2____ e.g. 1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. e.g. 2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?/p>

12、 This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 　 分析：在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選____。而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選____。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom

13、, that, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 原因狀語） 。 4. 注意事項(xiàng)： 1） 先行詞在定語從句中做賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常可省略。如： The dish (that) my father cooks is always delicious. 2） 當(dāng)先行詞是all, everything, something, nothing等（復(fù)合）不定代詞或先行詞被first, last, only, few, much等詞以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般多用that，不用which。如： Th

14、e first thing that I do when I wake up every morning is to drink some water. There is always something that we are not satisfied with in our life. 3） 當(dāng)先行詞由人和物共同充當(dāng)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。如： We talked about the people and things that we remembered in middle school. 4）whose在定語從句中既可以指人，也可以指物，用作名詞的限定語，可以用 “th

15、e + n + of whom/ of which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。如： My brother, whose house (____________ whom) we just passed, is a doctor. There are still many people whose living conditions (____________ whom) are terrible 　 5. 定語從句“雙節(jié)棍” ——非限制性定語從句 I will wear no clothes which will distinguish me from others. I will wear n

16、o clothes , which will distinguish me from others. ? 限制性定語從句 ?非限制性定語從句 形式上 不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開 用逗號(hào)和主句隔開 意義上 是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能刪除 是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后意思仍完整 譯法上 翻譯成先行詞的定語“…的…” 通常翻譯成主句的并列句 關(guān)系詞的使用上 A．做賓語時(shí)可省略 B．可用that C．可用who代替whom D 可用修飾整個(gè)句子 A．不可省? B．不用that C．不用who代替whom D．有as，類似which 含義上限制性定

17、語從句有涉他性；非限制性定語從句有唯一性。 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)： ?In?the?class?there?are?ten?students?who?speak?English?very?well. In?the?class?there?are?ten?students,?who?speak?English?very?well. 注：說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 6．That 用法 1、不用that的情況 　　 a） 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。例如： 　　 b） 介詞后不

18、能用。例如： 　　　　 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。 　　　　 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2、 一般只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a）在there be 句型中作主語時(shí), 用that，不用which, 而且?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾? This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.這是有史以來最快的列車。 　　 b）在不定代詞anything,

19、nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，或由不定代詞來修飾時(shí)，只用that。 　　 c）先行詞有the only, the very, the right, the last修飾時(shí)，只用that?！? 　　 d）先行詞由最高級(jí)修飾； e）先行詞由序數(shù)詞修飾； 　　 f）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。I like the _____ and______ ______that you mentioned the other day. 我喜歡你前幾天提到的那些作家和他們的作品。 g) 為避免與which重復(fù)使

20、用時(shí)，要用that。例： Which is the car that was made in Beijing? 哪輛汽車是北京制造的？ h) 主句是以作主語的who開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。如： Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster? 和我們校長說話的那人是誰？ i). 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)，而且通常省略。如： My hometown is no longer the place (that) it used to be. 7. 定語從句之“特邀嘉賓” ①way在定語從句作先行詞的用法

21、 當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用in?which,?that或省略引導(dǎo)詞 ②whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句 Whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以指人，也可以指物，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，可以用the+名詞+of?which的結(jié)構(gòu) ③as作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。在主句中常有the?same,?so或such與as相呼應(yīng),?as在定語從句中可作主語、賓語等。注意：在the?same…后也可用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但含義有所不同。that引出的從句，指的是與先行詞同一的事物，而as引導(dǎo)的從句指的是與先行詞同類的事物。 2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。帶主句的全部或

22、部分內(nèi)容。常譯為“正如…”“就像…”等，定語從句可以置于主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect,?know,?report,?say,?see等動(dòng)詞的主、被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意as,?which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別（見第五點(diǎn)）： ④as, which 非限制性定語從句區(qū)別 1. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，只代表主語或主句的一部分所表達(dá)的意思(不能指代某個(gè)名詞或代詞)，可以放在主句前，后或中間，在從句中作主語或賓語。 2. which引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在主句前，而as引導(dǎo)的從句則既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。 3. 用能做關(guān)系代詞，as和which都可以指代一個(gè)句子，但as有“

23、正如”、“就像”之意，如：as we all know, as is known to all, as is said above等表“正如…”之意，which則沒有此含義。 4. 當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是be或相當(dāng)于連系動(dòng)詞的seem, bee等時(shí)，可用as或which作主語。但當(dāng)從句的謂語是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用which作主語。例如： (1)He married her, as (正確) was / seemed natural. which （正確） (2)He saw the girl, as (錯(cuò)誤) delighted him.

24、which （正確 典型例題　 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　 D. he 2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what　 B. which　 C. that　 D. it 3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from goin

25、g to the park.. A. that　 B. which　　 C. as　 D. it 答案_____. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)： （1） as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。 （2） as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為_____。 六、of短語作為定語從句的先行詞的情況 one?of?th

26、e?+復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，與定語從句所靠近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。但如果one?of?the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有the/only/the?only之類的限定語，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式，此時(shí)從句在意義上修飾的是the?one.? 練習(xí)： 單項(xiàng)選擇 1. Samuel survived when the car____ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. (xx上海春) A. where B. that C. as

27、 D. why 2. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ we may return in the near future. (上海xx) A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 3. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet ____ life has developed gradually. (福建xx) A. that B.

28、 where C. which D. whose 4. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister___ she would stay for an hour. (江西xx) A. where B. who C. which D. what 5.—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? -- You should try the barber’s ___ I go.

29、 It’s only 15. (天津xx) A. as B. which C. where D. that 6. Is there anything＿＿＿I can do for you? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 7. I have seen some strange trees, ＿＿＿ open at sunrise and close at sunset. A. which the leaves B. whose leaves C. which leaves D. their

30、 leaves 8. All ＿＿＿ we need is enough rest after long hour’s work. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 9. On the train I saw a girl＿＿＿ I thought was your sister. A. who B. whom C. which D. what 10. Have you seen the film “Titanic” ＿＿＿ leading actor is world-famous? A

31、. its B. that C. whose D. which 11. (xx湖南高考題) Happiness and success often e to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 12. (xx湖南)Care of the soul is a gradual process _____ even the small details of life should be considered.

32、 A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 13. (xx湖南)Julie was good at German ,French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 14. (xx福建高考題) The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes

33、of those ____ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 15. He is a teacher, ________ is the admiration of all the young people nowadays. A. who B. which C. that D. what 16. After living in Beijing for fifty years she returned to the village________ sh

34、e grew up. A. which B. where C. that D. when 17. We all believe that the hours ________ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. A. that B. when C. in which D. on wh

35、ich 18 In the new city there wasn’t a single person________ the poor boy could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 19. Joan dance ______ her mother did when she was John’ age. A. what B. as if C. the way D. that 20. The river, _________ the banks are

36、covered with trees, is very long. 21. The boss paid us $10 for washing ten cars，most of________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least half a year. A. these B. them C. that D. which 22. I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future ________ we did yesterday. A

37、. which B. as C. that D. than 23. Mary was always singing high praise of her role in the office，________ of course，made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 24. Our teacher is always busy preparing lessons until 11 o’clock at night, _

38、_______ we students have gone to sleep. A. that time B. by which time C. by that time D. which time 25. We visited a factory________ makes bikes for children. A. where B. which C. in which D. at which 26. It was quite a serious accident，________caused by careless d

39、riving. A. which I think was B. I think which was C. which I think it was D. I think which it was 27. ________ is known to everybody，light travels faster than sound. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 28. She is the only one of the students in our class________ pas

40、sed the exam this time. A. who hasn’t B. who haven’t C. who didn’t D. who doesn’t 29. Last night they went to Tom’s party, ______ they enjoyed very much. A. when B. that C. which D. where 30. Recently I brought a mobile phone, _____ was very reasonable 31. The factory ____

41、____ we see today is no longer the one ________ it was ten years ago. A. that; who B. /; that C. which; which D. where; that 32. The weather turned out to be very good;________ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. this 1. B　which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并指代前

42、面整個(gè)主句。句意：他當(dāng)老師，這一點(diǎn)是目前所有年輕人羨慕的。 2. B　where引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 3. A　關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞替代先行詞必須在定語從句中作成分，因此“缺什么成分填什么成分”是解答關(guān)于定語從句的題目的關(guān)鍵。從句中的spend是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“度過”，因此所填的詞應(yīng)該作它的賓語。故答案為A。 4. D　turn to sb. for help為固定句式，意思是“求助于”。 5. C　in the way意為“以……方式”，in可以省略。當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí)可用in which, that或不填，因此答案為C。 7. C　名詞或代詞＋of＋關(guān)系代詞whom

43、/which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，表示部分與整體的關(guān)系，作用相當(dāng)于whose＋名詞，of which the banks＝the banks of which＝whose banks, 因此答案為C。 8. D　which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；若most前加and，或改逗號(hào)為分號(hào)，則選B。 9. B　當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as。 10. B　which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指整個(gè)主句所述內(nèi)容。 11. B　句意：我們老師總是忙著備課到晚上11點(diǎn)鐘，那時(shí)我們已經(jīng)睡了。by意為“到……時(shí)(為止)”，which time指代11 o’clock at night。 12

44、. B　which在定語從句中作主語。 13. A　考查由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which替代先行詞accident在定語從句中作主語。I think是插入語，放在which后面。 14. B　as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于句首，而which卻不能。 15. A　根據(jù)句中的passed可排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。當(dāng)先行詞被the only one修飾時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故答案為A。 16. C　which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在定語從句中作賓語。 17. B　定語從句一定不要忽視標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用。由題干中的逗號(hào)可知此從句是非限制性定語從句，因此答案為B。 18. B　因?yàn)橛衋nd，所以用that 表示前句內(nèi)容；若去掉 and，則應(yīng)選C。 19. B　第一空格用關(guān)系代詞which或that, 在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略；第二空格當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)用that。 20. C　分號(hào)的存在表明了兩句的并列關(guān)系。若改分號(hào)為逗號(hào)，則應(yīng)選B。