2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)高分巧突破 第1部分 謂語(yǔ) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
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1、板塊二 謂語(yǔ)集釋 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 2020~2020課標(biāo)區(qū)高考考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì) 考情解讀 年 數(shù) 量 份 考 點(diǎn) 2020 2020 2020 合計(jì) 從三年高考來(lái)看,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查已從一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一枝獨(dú)秀向考查的更均衡發(fā)展。命題角度主要有三:一是直接給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),學(xué)生可以根據(jù)所給出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)直接作出選擇;二是給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),但所給的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性和迷惑性,這時(shí)學(xué)生要通過(guò)分析語(yǔ)境作出正確選擇;三是題干中不提供任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而是給出一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的句子,這時(shí)學(xué)生必須仔細(xì)分析語(yǔ)境才能作出正確判斷??傊瑢W(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)“語(yǔ)境分析”。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
2、4 10[ 11 25[ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 6 5 4 15 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 5 3 3 11 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 4 2 5 11 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 3 3 3 9 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 2 3 3 8 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1 2 2 5 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1 3 0 4 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 1 1 2 4 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 0 1 1 2 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 0 1 0 1 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí) 0 0 1 1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較 1.(2020·北京高考)Hurry up! Mark and Carol ___
3、___ us. A.expect B.a(chǎn)re expecting C.have expected D.will expect 解析:選B 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:快點(diǎn)!馬克和卡羅爾正在等我們。依據(jù)邏輯推理可知,說(shuō)話人之所以催促是因?yàn)轳R克和卡羅爾正在等待他們,所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2.(2020·陜西高考)On Monday mornings it usually ________ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
4、 A.takes B.is taking C.took D.will take 解析:選A 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在星期一的早上,開(kāi)車上班經(jīng)常要花費(fèi)我一個(gè)小時(shí),雖然實(shí)際的距離僅僅20英里。根據(jù)句意可判斷出,這里敘述的是一個(gè)經(jīng)常性的情況,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 3.(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step ______.” A.has shown
5、 B.is showing C.shows D.showed 解析:選C 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,空白處所在句的句意:因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉硷@示/證明出來(lái)。show意為“顯示,證明,表明”。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或永久性的狀態(tài);現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(說(shuō)話時(shí)未必正在做)。 ①Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much. 青少年正在損害自己的健康,因
6、為他們玩的電腦游戲太多了。 ②Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.(2020·湖南高考) 每天晚上兩點(diǎn)左右,蘇就說(shuō)夢(mèng)話。這使我們有點(diǎn)煩心。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較 1.(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________ my mind. A.have changed B.change C.ha
7、d changed D.would change 解析:選A 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)我第一次見(jiàn)到布萊恩時(shí),我不喜歡他。但是,我已經(jīng)改變主意了。根據(jù)句意可知,說(shuō)話人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)改變主意了,因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2.(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)If we ________ now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it. A.hadn't acted B.haven't acted C.don't act
8、 D.won't act 解析:選C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:如果我們現(xiàn)在不行動(dòng)起來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境的話,將來(lái)會(huì)后悔的。題干含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故選C。 3.(2020·湖南高考)—Have you heard about the recent election? —Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days. A.would be B.is C.has been
9、 D.will be 解析:選C 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:“你聽(tīng)說(shuō)有關(guān)最近選舉的消息了嗎?”“當(dāng)然了,這可是最近三天唯一的新聞事件?!备鶕?jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for the last three days”可知,該句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或永久性的狀態(tài);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已完成,或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。 I do all the cooking for my family, but recently I have been too busy to do it. 通常由我給家人做飯,但最近我太忙了,沒(méi)時(shí)間做。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
10、的比較 1.(2020·江蘇高考)—What about your self-drive trip yesterday? —Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ________ a rough ride. A.had B.have C.would have D.have had 解析:選A 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的yesterday可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2.(2020·湖南高考)It is the most inst
11、ructive lecture that I ________ since I came to this school. A.a(chǎn)ttended B.had attended C.a(chǎn)m attending D.have attended 解析:選D 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:這是我到這所學(xué)校以來(lái)聽(tīng)過(guò)的最有教育意義的演講。根據(jù)后面的狀語(yǔ)從句since I came to this school 可知, 此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,常與過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。而現(xiàn)在
12、完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,常與一段時(shí)間連用;一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)什么聯(lián)系;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與already,ever, never, yet, just等詞連用。 ①I felt very tired when I got home, and I went straight to bed.(2020·重慶高考) 我到家時(shí)感到很累,就直接上床睡覺(jué)了。 ②—Have you seen my dictionary? —Yes, I saw it on your bed yesterday. ——你見(jiàn)過(guò)我的
13、詞典嗎? ——是的,我昨天看見(jiàn)在你床上。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較 1.(2020·遼寧高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all, he ________ it for a very long time. A.has had B.had had C.has D.had 解析:選B 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的was和sold可知,他擁有這把吉他已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了,“擁有”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是截止到過(guò)去的,而不是截止到現(xiàn)在,所以不能選擇A
14、項(xiàng)或C項(xiàng)。表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí),故選B。 2.(2020·安徽高考)I'm calling about the apartment you ________ the other day. Could you tell me more about it? A.a(chǎn)dvertised B.had advertised C.a(chǎn)re advertising D.will advertise 解析:選A 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干中的I'm calling可知,主句的時(shí)間定位為現(xiàn)在,空格處為定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根
15、據(jù)其中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the other day可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故選A。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去;而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 ① I had intended to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor. 我本來(lái)打算去看你,但是來(lái)了一位不速之客。 ② Tom and I became friends in 2000, although we had actually met several years before. 湯姆和我在2000年成為朋友,盡管在這
16、幾年前我們就見(jiàn)過(guò)面。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較 1.(2020·江西高考) I to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.A.come B.came C.am coming D.was coming 解析:選D 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:那天晚些時(shí)候我本來(lái)想拜訪你,但我不得不打電話取消了。根據(jù)題干中的but I had to phone and cancel可知,我并沒(méi)有去拜訪你,只是打算去,故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),選D項(xiàng)。 2.
17、(2020·北京高考)Our friendship ________ quickly over the weeks that followed. A.had developed B.was developing C.would develop D.developed 解析:選D 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在隨后的幾周里,我們的友誼迅速發(fā)展。根據(jù)本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the weeks that followed可知,這里敘述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)僅說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,
18、不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性;而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 ①After Jack had sent some e-mails, he started working on his project.(2020·山東高考) 杰克發(fā)了一些電子郵件后,就開(kāi)始做起他的項(xiàng)目。 ②—Did you catch what I said? —Sorry. I was answering a text message just now.(2020·四川高考) ——你聽(tīng)懂我所說(shuō)的了嗎? ——對(duì)不起,我剛剛在回短信。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較 1.(2020·江蘇高考)—Cou
19、ld I use your car tomorrow morning? —Sure. I ________ a report at home. A.will be writing B.will have written C.have written D.have been writing 解析:選A 根據(jù)第一句中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow morning可知,“在家寫報(bào)告”是將來(lái)正要做的事情,所以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2.(2020·湖南高考)Close the door of fe
20、ar behind you, and you ________ the door of faith open before you. A.saw B.have seen C.will see D.a(chǎn)re seeing 解析:選C 考查特殊句式“祈使句+and +陳述句”。句意:關(guān)閉了恐懼之門,那么信心之門就會(huì)在你面前打開(kāi)。“祈使句+and +陳述句”句式中的陳述句常用將來(lái)時(shí)。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài);而將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某
21、一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 ①I am busy reviewing my lessons because I will have an exam tomorrow. 我正忙著復(fù)習(xí),因?yàn)槊魈煲荚嚒? ②I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.(2020·遼寧高考) 我感覺(jué)很興奮!明早的這個(gè)時(shí)候我將飛往上海。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較 1.(2020·山東高考)—Oh no! We're too late. The train ________. —T
22、hat's OK. We'll catch the next train to London. A.was leaving B.had left C.has left D.has been leaving 解析:選C 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“We're too late.”和“We'll catch the next train”可知,火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了,由于leave這一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了一定的影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2.(2020·福建高考)The girl has a great interest
23、 in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. A.took B.is taking C.takes D.has been taking 解析:選D 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:這個(gè)女生酷愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng),在過(guò)去的三年里她每周上兩次羽毛球課。over the last three years表示“在過(guò)去的三年里”,常與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)反復(fù)的不間斷動(dòng)作。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去
24、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成,側(cè)重于結(jié)果或影響;而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還在進(jìn)行,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。 ①This disease has dropped considerably in the past few years. 近幾年這種病的發(fā)病率大大降低了。 ②The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) 自從上午9點(diǎn)經(jīng)理就一直在告訴工人如何改善這一方案。 be going to與will表將來(lái)
25、的比較 1.(2020·北京高考)By the time you have finished this book, your meal________ cold. A.gets B.has got C.will get D.is getting 解析:選C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:到你讀完這本書的時(shí)候,你的飯就將涼了。根據(jù)前半句中的內(nèi)容可知,這里敘述的是將來(lái)的情況,所以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 2.(2020·江蘇高考)—Ann is in hospital. —Oh, real
26、ly?I ________know.I________go and visit her. A.didn't; am going to B.don't; would C.don't; will D.didn't; will 解析:選D 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。從對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知,說(shuō)話人在說(shuō)話前不知道Ann在住院,因此第一空應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。去醫(yī)院看她是臨時(shí)做出的決定或安排,因此,第二空使用will。be going to則表示在說(shuō)話前已經(jīng)安排好要做某事,這與對(duì)話矛盾,故選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤。 be going to表
27、示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事情;而will不強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的計(jì)劃性,多指臨時(shí)的決定或安排。 —Mary is ill. I am going to visit her. —Sorry, I didn't know. I will go with you. ——瑪麗病了,我打算去看她。 ——抱歉我不知道,我和你一起去。 1.(2020·濟(jì)南二模)—When are you leaving for Chicago? —As soon as I ________ the project. A.a(chǎn)re completing B.completed
28、C.will complete D.complete 解析:選D 句意:“你什么時(shí)候去芝加哥?”“我一做完這項(xiàng)工程就去。”此處as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 2.(2020·濟(jì)寧市高三二模)See? The strange man I saw yesterday ________ around my house again. Should I call the police? A.walk B.walked C.has walked
29、 D.is walking 解析:選D 句意:看,昨天我看到的那個(gè)奇怪的人又一次在我家周圍到處走,我應(yīng)該報(bào)警嗎?此處表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 3.(2020·北京海淀一模)—Hi, Lily.Don't forget to watch I'm a Singer at 10:00 this Friday night! —What a pity! I ________ in a plane to Hainan for a meeting then. A.will sit B.will be s
30、itting C.a(chǎn)m sitting D.Sit 解析:選B 句意:“嗨,莉莉,別忘了看本周五晚的節(jié)目《我是歌手》?!薄罢孢z憾!那時(shí)我將正坐在飛往海南的飛機(jī)上。”此處表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在做某事,應(yīng)用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 4.(2020·青島二模)They ________ to come to the meeting on time, but they were late again. A.mean B.had meant C.means
31、 D.have meant 解析:選B 句意:他們本打算按時(shí)來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì),但是他們又遲到了。此處mean表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在were late之前,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 5.(2020·棗莊一模)Sorry! I ________ a letter this morning and forgot all about the appointment. A.wrote B.have written C.was writing D.had written 解析:選C 句意
32、:對(duì)不起,我今天上午在寫信,把約會(huì)的事全忘了。此處表示今天上午正在做某事,應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 6.(2020·廣西桂林中學(xué)模擬)I ________ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ________. A.went; was occurring B.went; was occurred C.was going; occurred D.was going; had occurred 解析:選C 句意:我正在街上找地方停車,這時(shí)發(fā)生了事故。第一空表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候正在做某事,用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);第二空表
33、示某事發(fā)生在過(guò)去,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 7.(2020·北京石景山區(qū)高三二模)—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? —No, but we ________ to get in touch with them ever since. A.have tried B.had tried C.have been trying D.had been trying 解析:選C 句意:“你們找到了昨天在山中失蹤的那對(duì)夫婦了嗎?”“沒(méi)
34、有,但是從他們失蹤后我們一直試圖與他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系?!贝颂幈硎緩倪^(guò)去某一刻一直在做某事,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 8.(2020·哈爾濱三中模擬)—Where's our phonebook? I have seen it many times these days, but ... —OK darling. I ________ it for you if you want it at once. A.get B.a(chǎn)m getting C.will get D.a(chǎn)m goin
35、g to get 解析:選C 句意:“我們的電話本哪去了?這些天我見(jiàn)過(guò)很多次,但是……。”“好吧,親愛(ài)的,如果你想要,我馬上去拿?!贝颂幈硎九R時(shí)做出的決定,用will加動(dòng)詞原形。 通過(guò)“時(shí)態(tài)定義”解題 準(zhǔn)確理解??紩r(shí)態(tài)的定義是做題的根本。 1.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)—Did you ask Sophia for help? —I ________ need to — I managed perfectly well on my own. A.wouldn't B.don't C.didn't
36、 D.won't 解析:選C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:“你讓Sophia幫忙了嗎?”“我不需要——我自己完全能行。”結(jié)合問(wèn)句的時(shí)態(tài)以及答語(yǔ)后半部分的時(shí)態(tài)可知,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故C項(xiàng)正確。 2.(2020·安徽高考)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, ________ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A.keeps B.keep C.have kept
37、 D.had kept 解析:選A 考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:沃爾瑪是美國(guó)最大的連鎖超市之一,部分店從星期一到星期六24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)。根據(jù)句中的“is”可知,此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)為Walmart,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),故選A。 通過(guò)“時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞”解題 做時(shí)態(tài)題時(shí)首先要在題干中尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,不同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)代表動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段的不同。 常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞有: 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):always, every time, now and then, occasionally, seldom, sometimes, usually等。 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
38、:up to now, so far, recently, already, yet, in the past few years, for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)以及since引導(dǎo)的從句等。 3.過(guò)去完成時(shí):by+過(guò)去時(shí)間,by the end of+過(guò)去時(shí)間,by the time ... 4.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。 5.將來(lái)完成時(shí):by+將來(lái)時(shí)間,by the end of+將來(lái)時(shí)間,before
39、... 1.(2020·浙江高考)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________ sharply. A.was increasing B.has increased C.had increased D.will be increasing 解析:選B 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“在過(guò)去的三十年中,參加健身鍛煉的人數(shù)已經(jīng)增加很多了”可知,increase的動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在
40、過(guò)去,但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,同時(shí)由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“During the last three decades”也可知,該空應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2.(2020·天津高考)The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer. A.travelled B.have travelled C.had travelled D.travel 解析:選A 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:去年夏天,我們?nèi)嗽跉W洲旅行了一個(gè)月左右。在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間(last sum
41、mer)內(nèi)做了某事應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 3.(2020·江蘇高考)—Tommy is planning to buy a car. —I know. By next month, he ______enough for a used one. A.saves B.saved C.will save D.will have saved 解析:選D 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by next month可知,到下個(gè)月,他將會(huì)積攢足夠的錢,因此應(yīng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 通過(guò)“固定結(jié)構(gòu)”解題 對(duì)于含有
42、固定結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)題,要迅速定位,根據(jù)該句型選用正確的時(shí)態(tài)。 常見(jiàn)的固定結(jié)構(gòu)有: 1.had done sth. when ... 剛做完某事這時(shí)…… 2.was/were doing sth. when ... 正在做某事這時(shí)…… 3.在“It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting等)+名詞+從句”中,從句中的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 4.在“It (This) is the first/second/third ... time+that 從句”中, that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 在“It (This) was the firs
43、t/second/third ... time+that 從句”中, that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 5.在hardly (scarcely) ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),意思為“一……就……”。 6.在“祈使句+ and/or +陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為will do。 1.(2020·陜西高考)Jim ________ a late-night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the t
44、elevision went blank. A.watched B.had watched C.was watching D.would be watching 解析:選C 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:吉姆正在家看一部午夜電影,正看到令人毛骨悚然的場(chǎng)景時(shí),電視變成空白了。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。故選C。 2.(2020·陜西高考)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family. A.see
45、 B.had seen C.saw D.have seen 解析:選D 考查時(shí)態(tài)?!癐t/This is the first/second time (that) ...”句型的從句部分用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但如果是“It/This was the first/second time (that)...”則從句需要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 通過(guò)“動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系”解題 在一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的句子里,總會(huì)有好幾個(gè)動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)象,它們的發(fā)生時(shí)間有一定的先后關(guān)系。我們一定要根據(jù)這種先后關(guān)系來(lái)判斷。 1.(2020·浙江高考
46、)Peter had intended to take a job in business, but ________ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2020. A.had abandoned B.a(chǎn)bandoned C.a(chǎn)bandon D.will abandon 解析:選B 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“Peter本打算在商界找一份工作,但2020年在加拿大的一次不愉快的經(jīng)歷使他最終放棄了那個(gè)計(jì)劃”可知,abandon的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去
47、,同時(shí)由題眼“had intended”可知,該空應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí),所以只有B項(xiàng)符合句意。 2.(2020·山東高考)She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children______everything! A.had been eating B.had eaten C.have eaten D.have been eating 解析:選B 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。第一個(gè)分句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí),由語(yǔ)意可知,第二個(gè)分句中的動(dòng)作(eat)發(fā)生在第一個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示
48、的動(dòng)作之前,屬于典型的“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 通過(guò)“語(yǔ)境暗示”解題 有些題目中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下,通過(guò)正確理解語(yǔ)境也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題的一條行之有效的方法。 1.(2020·天津高考)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________ one of the main pipes. A.had repaired B.have repaired C.repaired D.a(chǎn)re
49、repairing 解析:選D 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:水供應(yīng)已經(jīng)被暫時(shí)切斷了,因?yàn)楣と藗冋谛奁渲幸粭l主管道。根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)可知,從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān),排除A和C;B項(xiàng)表示已修好了,與主句意思不符,故選D,表示正在修。 2.(2020·重慶高考)—Kevin, you look worried.Anything wrong? —Well, I ________ a test and I'm waiting for the result. A.will take B.took C.had taken D
50、.take 解析:選B 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“I'm waiting for the result”可知,Kevin已經(jīng)參加過(guò)考試了,是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。 1.(2020·云南玉溪市模擬)Polluted too heavily, Beijing ________ its worst air quality in the first two months of this year. A.was seeing B.sees C.has seen D.saw 解析:選C 句意
51、:由于污染太嚴(yán)重了,今年前兩個(gè)月北京見(jiàn)證了最差的空氣質(zhì)量。根據(jù) in the first two months of this year可判斷為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2.(2020·北京市高三二模)—What happened to Bill? —He ________ really fast when suddenly he ran headfirst into a parked car. A.had run B.was running C.has run D.has been running 解析
52、:選B 句意:“比爾出了什么事?”“他正在快速跑著,這時(shí)突然一頭撞在了一輛停著的車上?!笨疾榫涫絙e doing ... when ...意為“正在做某事,這時(shí)……”。 3.(2020·西安市高三二模)—Have you seen the film Lost In Thailand? —Oh, no.I ________ my homework all day yesterday. A.had done B.did C.have done D.was doing 解析:選D 句意:“你看電影《泰囧》
53、了嗎?”“噢,沒(méi)有,昨天整天我都在做作業(yè)。”表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候正在做某事用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 4.(2020·南昌市高三二模)As he approached the door, Mike looked into the room again to see if he ________ anything behind. A.left B.had left C.has left D.would leave 解析:選B 句意:當(dāng)麥克靠近大門時(shí),又一次往屋里看,看看是否落下了什么東西??崭駜?nèi)表示的動(dòng)
54、作發(fā)生在looked之前,表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 5.(2020·安徽亳州高三二模)My father ________ away for two weeks.I want to do something special for him when he comes back next month. A.will be B.has been C.was D.had been 解析:選A 句意:我父親要外出兩個(gè)星期,我想等他下月回來(lái)時(shí)為他做點(diǎn)特別的事情。此處表示將要做某事,應(yīng)用
55、一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 近幾年高考題,有些命題者故意人為設(shè)置一些“陷阱”,因此在解答此類題目時(shí)要克服定勢(shì)思維,認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境,不要被命題者迷惑。例如: 陷阱一:看到“for+一段時(shí)間”不一定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (2020·四川高考)—You speak very good French! —Thanks.I________French in Sichuan University for four years. A.studied B.study C.was studying D.had studied 解析:選A 考查時(shí)態(tài)。由你(現(xiàn)在)法語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好可知
56、本題強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(我過(guò)去在四川大學(xué)學(xué)過(guò)四年法語(yǔ)),故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 陷阱二:看到“Look!”不一定用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (2020·江西高考)—Look! Somebody ________ the sofa. —Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it. A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.had cleaned 解析:選C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:“看,有人已經(jīng)清理了沙發(fā)?!薄班?,不是我,我沒(méi)有做?!睆暮竺娴幕卮鹂梢钥闯鍪虑橐呀?jīng)完成了,前面一句著重談對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,所以用現(xiàn)在
57、完成時(shí)態(tài)。 陷阱三:看到“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”不一定用同樣的時(shí)態(tài) (2020·江蘇高考)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ________. A.has started B.starts C.started D.will start 解析:選C 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時(shí)比他上任時(shí)更富有。“上任”是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。 1
58、.(2020·寶雞高三二模)Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he ________his mother. A.will lose B.is losing C.had lost D.has lost 解析:選D 根據(jù)那個(gè)小男孩徘徊的現(xiàn)象,推知他可能是找不到媽媽了,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 2.(2020·青島高三二模)I don't know if she ________, but if she ___
59、_____ I will let you know. A.comes; comes B.will come; will come C.comes; will come D.will come; comes 解析:選D 第一個(gè) if 引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí);第二個(gè) if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 3.(2020·長(zhǎng)沙高三二模)—I ________ his telephone number. —I have his number, but I ________ to bring my
60、phone book. A.forget; forget B.forgot; forgot C.forget; forgot D.forgot; forget 解析:選C 仔細(xì)體會(huì)一下對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境:第一個(gè)人說(shuō)“我忘記他的電話號(hào)碼了”,這個(gè)“忘記”應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在的情況,即現(xiàn)在忘記了,故第一空應(yīng)填 forget;第二個(gè)人說(shuō)“我有他的號(hào)碼,但我忘記帶電話本了”,這個(gè)“忘記”應(yīng)該是過(guò)去的情況,即過(guò)去忘記帶電話本,所以現(xiàn)在電話本不在身上,故第二空應(yīng)填 forgot,即答案應(yīng)選C。 4.(2020·石家莊高三二模)—You se
61、em to be familiar with London. —I ________ there for three years. It's great to be back. A.lived B.had lived C.have lived D.live 解析:選A 句意:“你好像對(duì)倫敦很熟悉?!薄拔以谀抢镒∵^(guò)3年,故地重游真是太好了。”此處表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間做過(guò)某事,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。要特別注意,不要根據(jù)for three years選擇完成時(shí)。 規(guī)律一:只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)
62、才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ①M(fèi)any stars appear in the sky at night. (不能用are appeared) 晚上天空會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多星星。 ②Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the reform and opening. (不能用have been taken place) 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 1.(2020·北京高考)—So what is the procedure? —All the applicants ________ before
63、 a final decision is made by the authority. A.interview B.a(chǎn)re interviewing C.a(chǎn)re interviewed D.a(chǎn)re being interviewed 解析:選C 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。問(wèn)話人詢問(wèn)的是程序是什么,答話人回答說(shuō)所有的申請(qǐng)人面試后再由當(dāng)局做出最終決定,此處敘述的是客觀事實(shí),而且applicants與interview之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2.(2020·重慶高考)Food supplies in the flood-strick
64、en area ________.We must act immediately before there's none left. A.have run out B.a(chǎn)re running out C.have been run out D.a(chǎn)re being run out 解析:選B 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)“We must act immediately before there's none left.”可知救災(zāi)食品快要用完了,排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)run out是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可知,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的主動(dòng)
65、語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)。 規(guī)律二:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為be+過(guò)去分詞,只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),除be外被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有:get/become +過(guò)去分詞 The boy was too careless and got hit by a car. 這個(gè)男孩太粗心了,被車撞了。 1.(2020·北京高考)Shakespeare's play Hamlet ________ into at least ten different films over the past years. A.had been made B.was made
66、C.has been made D.would be made 解析:選C 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:莎士比亞的戲劇《哈姆雷特》在過(guò)去的幾年中被拍成了至少十部不同的電影?!皁ver the past+時(shí)間段”通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,句子主語(yǔ)與make之間又是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2.(2020·湖南高考)Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ________ later in life. A.will be repaid B.was being repaid C.has been repaid D.was repaid 解析:選A 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:不要擔(dān)心。你現(xiàn)在正在從事的艱難的工作一定會(huì)讓你在今后的人生中得到回報(bào)。由句意可知,回報(bào)是發(fā)生在將來(lái),所以選將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 3.(2020·遼寧高考)Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _____
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