優(yōu)化方案（新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型專題突破 二 閱讀理解 第三講 推理判斷題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

《優(yōu)化方案（新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型專題突破 二 閱讀理解 第三講 推理判斷題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《優(yōu)化方案（新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型專題突破 二 閱讀理解 第三講 推理判斷題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練（16頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、推理判斷題 推理判斷題(一) A (2020·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校第一次聯(lián)考)Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely d

2、isappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(遷徙) north. Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too qui

3、ckly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear. According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far－re

4、aching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2020，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2020，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2020 with a major earthquake and Ha

5、iti was devastated in 2020 by yet another massive earthquake. Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesn’t matter what is causing it，but rather，what can

6、be done about it.What’s more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious. However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be s

7、ome connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了未來氣候的變化對(duì)人和動(dòng)物的生存環(huán)境的影響。 1．What is the major function of Paragraph 1? A．To arouse the reader’s concern. B．To introduce the theme of the whole passage. C．To summari

8、ze the whole passage. D．To state how climate changes. 解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.”可知，最新研究數(shù)據(jù)表明，世界的氣候變化已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重地影響了社會(huì)和環(huán)境。而接下來的幾段則是圍繞氣候變化對(duì)社會(huì)和環(huán)境具體的影響而展開的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介紹文章的主題

9、。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes? A．To show major changes are taking place on the planet. B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes. C．To show the damage earthquakes caused. D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future. 解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)

10、第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signs of change.”可知，列舉最近地球上所發(fā)生的地震是為了說明地球正在發(fā)生著重大變化。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes’ effects? A．Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear. B．It could lead to the spread of diseases. C．Cu

11、rrent world climate zones could shift and completely disappear. D．Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious. 解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.”可知，地理學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)在未來的八十年中，現(xiàn)在的世

12、界氣候帶可能會(huì)改變，有的可能會(huì)完全消失，C項(xiàng)中說世界氣候帶可能會(huì)變化并會(huì)完全消失，與文中描述不符，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.”可知，B項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.”可知，A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Natural disasters

13、are becoming more frequent and serious.”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。故選C項(xiàng)。 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly. B．There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change. C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migrat

14、ion. D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change. 解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一個(gè)在經(jīng)歷氣候變化的星球。故選D項(xiàng)。 B (2020·河南豫北、豫東十所名校聯(lián)考)

15、Choose your wish list It’s normal for any student’s college wish list to change throughout high school.But when it comes time to apply，many seniors have a hard time narrowing down their choices. There’s no hard and fast answer，but there are several things you can do and ask yourself to make the de

16、cision easier.Here are three pieces of advice that might help. Do your research Above all，it’s important to figure out your wants and needs.What do you expect from your education？What are you willing to give up? Veronica Hauad，senior associate director of admissions(錄取)at the University of Chicag

17、o in the US，said students should start by taking time to figure_out those questions. “Find the thing that’s most important to you，and then you can start searching on that factor and sort things out later，”Hauad said. Don’t focus on rankings It’s easy to focus too hard on school rankings，but don’t

18、 let that make your decision for you when you’re looking at colleges.In the long run，rankings probably won’t have a big effect on your education.It’s OK to look at rankings，but don’t obsess(過于執(zhí)著)over them.Find colleges that really interest you.If they end up being on a top list，think of it as an ext

19、ra pleasure. Think about your future Here’s an important question to ask all of the colleges on your list：How many of your students find jobs after graduation？An Ivy League school may look good on an application，but what will the college do to help you find a job? Students should also make sure t

20、hey’re going to college for the right reasons. University of Illinois sophomore(二年級(jí)學(xué)生) Steve Wang said he has met students who aren’t looking at the bigger picture.“I see a lot of students who go to college for the sake of the college experience—not for a higher education.” Wang explained.“So peopl

21、e show up and spend a lot of time at parties and not really paying attention to schoolwork.That’s not really what college is for.” 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。作者向那些準(zhǔn)備申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的高中生提供了三個(gè)建議：一是做好相關(guān)調(diào)查；二是不要太執(zhí)著于大學(xué)的排名；三是考慮自己的未來。 5．What does the underlined part “figure out” probably mean? A．Let out.　　　　　　　 B．Look out. C．

22、Make out. D．Check out. 解析：選C。詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線短語所在段落的上一段中提到了一些讓學(xué)生思考的問題，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知，Veronica Hauad認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該花些時(shí)間弄清楚那些問題，由此可推知，figure out的意思應(yīng)為“弄清楚”，make out的意思也為“弄清楚”。故答案選C。let out意為“使出來，使(火)熄滅”；look out意為“小心，注意”；check out意為“結(jié)賬離開”，均不符合文意。 6．When you apply to a college，you should ________． A．find out what you rea

23、lly want B．choose the best known college C．consider the things you can do D．quit a chance for further study 解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者給即將步入大學(xué)的高中生所提供的三個(gè)建議的內(nèi)容，尤其是第三段第一句“Above all，it’s important to figure out your wants and needs.”可知，高中生在申請(qǐng)大學(xué)時(shí)一定要做好相關(guān)調(diào)查，弄清楚自己的真正需求，不要太執(zhí)著于大學(xué)的排名，要為自己的將來考慮，選那些能真正吸引自己的大學(xué)。A項(xiàng)符合題意。故答

24、案選A。 7．Steve Wang spends his main time on ________． A．taking photos B．schoolwork C．parties D．killing time 解析：選B。推理判斷題。在最后一段中，Steve Wang認(rèn)為很多學(xué)生來到大學(xué)，只是為了有上大學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，而不是為了接受更高的教育，持有這種想法的學(xué)生會(huì)經(jīng)常參加聚會(huì)而不把主要精力放在學(xué)業(yè)上。由Steve Wang的話可推知，他不贊同這種做法，故他的時(shí)間應(yīng)該主要是花在學(xué)業(yè)上的。故答案選B。 8．What is the text mainly for? A．Researc

25、hers. B．Educators. C．Applicants. D．Sophomore. 解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前兩段內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章是給那些即將高中畢業(yè)、準(zhǔn)備申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的學(xué)生提供的一些建議。故答案選C。 C The other morning on the subway I sat next to an attractive young blonde woman who was reading something on her iPad.She was very well－dressed，carrying a Prada bag with tastefully a

26、pplied make－up indeed，she had an unmistakable air of wealth，material success and even authority.I suspected she worked as a highly－paid Wall Street lawyer or stockbroker or something of that sort.So，I was curious to see what she was so focused on.The Wall Street Journal perhaps？The Economist? Quite

27、 the contrary；rather，she was concentrating on a romance novel.Then I realized that I have known many women who love romance novels—smart，attractive，successful，“l(fā)iberated”，modern females who nonetheless find some kind of deep satisfaction and thrill from those hyper－romantic，artificial and extremely

28、unrealistic tales of handsome，manly heroes falling in love with virginal women，enduring a series of adventures，then no doubt having a happy ending. These_romance_stories_are_to_literature_what_hot_dogs_are_to_fine_food.Yet，the genre(體裁) remains enormously popular.Consider some of these surprising s

29、tatistics from the good folks at the Romance Writers of America(RWA)： *More than 9，000 romance titles were released last year，with sales of about $1.44 billion (more than triple the revenues generated by classic literary fiction)． *More than 90 percent of the market are women (okay，that’s not at a

30、ll surprising)． *Readers are typically women between the ages 30 and 54 who are themselves involved in a romantic relationship (betraying the stereotype that only lonely women long for these tales of love and adventure)． *Almost 40 percent of romance book consumers have an annual income of between

31、 $50，000 and $99，900 (placing them firmly in the middle class)． I had thought that romance novels accounted for a very small share of the literary market，so I was quite surprised that this part has such enormous popularity.But I must wonder why so many women—forty years after the women’s liberation

32、 movement continue to indulge in the fanciful tales? I’m not sure if it represents a kind of “rejection” of the women’s liberation movement，but clearly something is missing in the lives of contemporary ladies.A romance author named Donna Hatch who focuses on the Regency period (early 19th century B

33、ritain) explained the appeal of such books this way：“Regency men were civilized and treated women with courtesy.When a lady entered the room，gentlemen stood，doffed their hats，offered an arm，bowed，and a hundred other little things I wish men still did today.But they were also very athletic；they hunte

34、d，raced，boxed，rode horses.They were manly.Strong.Noble.Honorable.And that is why I love them！” Mrs. Hatch may have expressed the secret desires and attitudes of untold millions of her peers—that is，in the early 21st century，have women grown tired of the burdens and expectations that the “freedoms”

35、they have gained give them？Is this a rejection of modern feminism？Do women long for days of old when men were masculine gentlemen and women were feminine and protected as precious treasures and regarded as possessions? Perhaps most women (even the ones who get lost in romance novels) do not want to

36、 go all the way back but it is obvious，________． 【解題導(dǎo)語】　落難少女情結(jié)：現(xiàn)代女性喜愛閱讀言情小說的背后。 9. What is the function of the opening paragraph? A．To summarize the whole passage. B．To prove the author’s argument. C．To lead in the main topic of the passage. D．To raise problems that will be solved later. 解析：選

37、C。推理判斷題。本文第一段講述的是作者在地鐵上的一次偶遇，由此引出下文對(duì)“現(xiàn)代女性喜愛閱讀言情小說的背后”的深思。即第一段為引子，引出文章的話題。故該題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。 10．What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply? A．Romance novels are satisfying and thrilling. B．Romance novels are not of much “nutrition”． C．Romance novels are as popular as hot dogs. D．Rom

38、ance novels are an essential part of contemporary life. 解析：選B。句意推測(cè)題。因?yàn)椤癆 is to B what C is to D．”：A之于B就像C對(duì)于D一樣。故該句句意應(yīng)為：言情小說對(duì)于文學(xué)而言就像熱狗對(duì)于好的食物一樣。且根據(jù)有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的下句：但是言情小說卻非常流行?？芍?，該句應(yīng)是用貶義詞來描述言情小說，說其沒有營(yíng)養(yǎng)，故該題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。 11．In the author’s opinion，what is missing in the lives of contemporary women? A．Authority.

39、 B．Dignity. C．Liberty. D．Care. 解析：選D。推理判斷題。A.Authority.威信；B.Dignity.尊嚴(yán)；C.Liberty.自由；D.Care.關(guān)愛；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段可推知，作者認(rèn)為在當(dāng)代女性生活中逐漸消失的是D.Care.關(guān)愛。 12．Which sentence can be put in the blank in the last paragraph? A．they prefer tales of innocent romance to classics B．they are unhappy with how the world h

40、as turned out C．true love described in romance novels does exist in reality D．romance novels provide them with an access to society 解析：選B。推理判斷題。該題重在尋找關(guān)聯(lián)詞和關(guān)鍵詞。該句中的連詞but及選項(xiàng)B中的unhappy是該題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。故該題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。 推理判斷題(二) A (2020·合肥第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Severely disabled people may soon be able to use their noses to wri

41、te，drive a wheelchair or surf the Internet，thanks to a device(裝置) developed by doctors in Israel. The device will be used by breathing in and out through the nose，according to a study.Healthy people who tested the device quickly learned to play computer games and write sentences by sniffing.Encoura

42、ged by the results，the researchers decided to test their device on people who are paralyzed(癱瘓) but whose intelligence remains normal.Ten paralyzed who tested the device quickly learned to use their noses to write words，open a webpage，copy words and put them into a search engine. With their success

43、 in helping severely disabled people to communicate，the researchers decided to make use of the new technology to design an electric wheelchair to be driven by sniffs. Ten healthy people easily mastered sniff－driving a wheelchair through a maze(迷宮)，and a 30－year－old man who had been paralyzed from t

44、he neck down for six years was as good a sniff－driver as the healthy participants at his second attempt.In other words，a paralyzed person could use the sniff controller to drive an electric wheelchair. At the moment，sniff－controlled technology is still in the stage of development，and the Weizmann I

45、nstitute has already applied for a patent on the device.“I’ll be very happy if it can help us to make money，but the real problem is that I hope someone will develop it，because this would help a lot of people，”said Sobel，one of the lead researchers of the study. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了以色列醫(yī)生的一項(xiàng)發(fā)明。利用鼻吸，

46、一些殘疾人可以使用這項(xiàng)發(fā)明完成許多事情，但這項(xiàng)發(fā)明還需要進(jìn)一步地開發(fā)。 1．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new invention. B．To equip the disabled with life skills. C．To show the nose’s special functions. D．To instruct doctors to apply for a patent. 解析：選A。寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了以色列醫(yī)生發(fā)明的可以幫助殘疾人的一項(xiàng)裝置。故選A項(xiàng)。 2．In the

47、 test，the paralyzed people with normal intelligence can use their noses to ________． A．type long sentences quickly B．play computer games easily C．enter a website without much difficulty D．communicate with others successfully 解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Ten paralyzed who tested the device quickly lear

48、ned to use their noses to write words，open a webpage，copy words and put them into a search engine.”可知，癱瘓的人可以利用這種裝置打開網(wǎng)頁。故選C項(xiàng)。 3．With the help of the sniffing device，a 30－year－old disabled man ________． A．spent six years learning how to drive a wheelchair B．failed to drive through the maze at his f

49、irst attempt C．took the wheelchair controlled by healthy participants D．managed to drive an electric wheelchair by sniffing 解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，一位30歲的殘疾人可以通過鼻吸駕駛電動(dòng)輪椅。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．From the last paragraph，we can infer that the sniff－controlled technology ________． A．will be applied to other fields

50、 of research B．needs further developing to serve more people C．has become an important patented invention D．shows the wisdom and talents of Israel doctors 解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的“At the moment，sniff－controlled technology is still in the stage of development”可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)仍需進(jìn)一步開發(fā)。故答案選B。 B (2020·河南畢業(yè)班適

51、應(yīng)性模擬練習(xí)) A Missouri mom was left stunned after her newborn baby girl was born with two perfectly formed front teeth. Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital in Branson just three days after Christmas，reports ABC 7. And the tiny infant surprised everyone by showing off

52、a pair of pearly bottom front chompers. “Right when she first arrived，everybody was just shocked，”said Bailey. “Just like，‘She has two front teeth？No kidding？Really？’It was just a big talk about it in the delivery room，”she added. Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature app

53、earance of the baby’s fangs. “She said in her 25－year career this is the second time she’s even seen it，” Bailey told CNN. Dr. Laura Corio，a clinical professor of obstetrics and genecology at New York’s Mount Sinai Hospital，said it was not common for babies to be born with teeth.But she added it w

54、as not completely unheard of either. “Teeth can be present in oral cavities at birth and may be related to certain other health problems but not always，”she told ABC news. The National Institute of Health reports that one in every 2，000 to 3，000 babies are born with teeth—usually appear on the low

55、er gums. Bailey said she would be keeping an eye on the tiny teeth，as they would come loose and cause a choking hazard. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。一位婦女產(chǎn)下一個(gè)長(zhǎng)著兩顆漂亮門牙的女嬰，這讓包括婦女本人在內(nèi)的所有在場(chǎng)的人驚訝不已，大感驚奇。 5．Who is Jaklina Bailey? A．A doctor. B．The baby’s mother. C．A CNN reporter. D．A clinical professor. 解析：選B

56、。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital...”可知，Jaklina Bailey是新生兒的媽媽。故選B。 6．Which group of words are closest in meaning? A．Teeth，gums，fangs. B．Chomper，delivery，hazard. C．Infant，career，cavity. D．Stunned，startled，shocked. 解析：選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中的“A Missouri mom

57、was left stunned...”第四段中的“everybody was just shocked”以及第六段中的“Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the baby’s fangs.”可推知，這幾處分別表達(dá)了Bailey、旁觀者和醫(yī)生看到新生兒長(zhǎng)了兩顆牙齒時(shí)的驚訝，所以D項(xiàng)中這幾個(gè)詞的意思相近，意為“驚訝，吃驚”。故選D。 7．According to Dr.Laura Corio，________． A．she has never seen a baby bor

58、n with teeth B．little Alyssa is not alone to be born with teeth C．babies born with teeth have other health problems D．one in every 2，000 to 3，000 babies are born with teeth 解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段第二句“But she added it was not completely unheard of either.”可知，這位醫(yī)生說這種情況也不是完全沒有聽說過的；由此可推知，Alyssa并不是唯一一個(gè)出生時(shí)就

59、長(zhǎng)了牙齒的嬰兒。故選B。 8．What type of writing is the text? A．A news report.　　　 B．A medical digest. C．An announcement. D．A hospital introduction. 解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“reports ABC 7”可知，本文應(yīng)該是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選A。 C (2020·河南六市第一次聯(lián)考) “People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever befo

60、re，”says Patsy Rowe，“Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar．” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint about the noise.Here are some examples of rudeness. Some people prefer to do almost ever

61、ything over the Internet.To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds.When you have dinner with friends，you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone.We have programmed ourselves to thin

62、k that every new message brings life－changing news，so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with.What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by e－mail. However，rudeness is never acceptable.Don’t assume it is OK to be ru

63、de if the person you’re in touch with won’t recognize you.If you have something awful to say，have the courage to face the person and say it，write a letter or an e－mail and sign it，or forget it.Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting. We shouldn’t blame technology for our sho

64、rtcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一

65、篇議論文。現(xiàn)代人比從前更加粗魯。不過這不是科技的錯(cuò)，而是人們自己的錯(cuò)。人們不僅要看到別人的無禮行為，更應(yīng)該欣賞別人的禮貌行為，這樣才更有助于改善人們粗魯?shù)男袨椤? 9．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1? A．People can tell good from bad behavior. B．Radar is able to observe human behavior. C．People care little about their behavior. D．Radar can be use

66、d to predict human behavior. 解析：選C。推理判斷題。閱讀第一段可知，本段主要說明了“People are ruder today”(現(xiàn)在的人們更加粗魯)這一觀點(diǎn)。由此可以推知“Manners have fallen off the radar.”也是在強(qiáng)調(diào)人們變得粗魯這一事實(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。其余選項(xiàng)與本段中心無關(guān)。 10．Some people are less willing to deal with humans because ________． A．they are becoming less patient B．they are growing too independent C．they have to handle many important messages D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward 解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary s